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| | Closed-End Fund Association |
 | | Based on data shown in the last financial report as a closed-end fund and the first financial report as an open-end fund, the average expense ratio increased from 1.33% to 1.89% after conversion to an open-end fund. |
 | | The benefits of closed-end funds are many, including professional management, no-worry currency translation for international funds, discounted purchase prices, and, unlike their open-end counterparts, a stable asset base. |
 | | Because open-end funds must continually react to purchase and redemption requests by shareholders, open-end funds tend to have a fluctuating asset base. |
| www.cefa.com /researcharticles/wiesenberger/research1.htm (1622 words) |
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