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Topic: Closed captioning

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	Closed Captioning
		Closed captioning allows persons with hearing disabilities to have access to television programming by displaying the audio portion of a television program as text on the television screen.
		Closed captioning provides a critical link to news, entertainment, and information for individuals who are deaf or hard-of-hearing.
		The rules provide that open captioning or subtitles in the language of the target audience may be used in lieu of closed captioning.
	www.fcc.gov /cgb/consumerfacts/closedcaption.html (1733 words)

	Closed Captioning, Closed Captioning Service, Closed Captioning Company, Open Captions, Closed Captions, Close ...
		Our closed captioning is done in-house from start to finish -- from transcription to encoding -- allowing us to offer our clients fast turnarounds, strict quality control and extremely competitive prices.
		For example, when captions are moved to avoid covering onscreen graphics, we do not simply relocate the three-line block of text.
		Pop-on captions are carefully placed on the screen to indicate the speaker, and include descriptions of music and sound effects.
	www.vicaps.com /captioning.html (518 words)

	Closed Captioning
		The rules provide that open captioning or subtitles in the language of the target audience may be used in lieu of closed captioning.
		This same requirement to close caption emergency information applies to non-broadcast networks (e.g., cable and satellite) that serve at least 50% of all homes subscribing to television service, as well as to distributors that did not use the electronic newsroom technique for creating captions prior to January 1, 2006.
		Distributors that are permitted to count electronic newsroom technique to create their captions may continue to use open captioning, crawls, scrolls or other visual means to convey the emergency information to viewers rather than use closed captioning.
	ftp.fcc.gov /cgb/consumerfacts/closedcaption.html (1733 words)

	Closed Captioning
		While closed captioning was initially developed for the hearing-impaired, it can also be utilized as a teaching device by viewers for whom English is a second language and by children, and even adults, who are learning to read.
		The captions are "closed" to the general viewing audience because television producers believe that a continuous display of alphanumeric data across a TV screen is distracting and bothersome to the majority of viewers who are able to following the dialogue aurally.
		Since the captions are encoded as part of the electronic signal, a closed captioned program may be transmitted in any form: over-the-air broadcast, satellite, cable, video cassette, or video disc.
	www.museum.tv /archives/etv/C/htmlC/closedcaptio/closedcaptio.htm (855 words)

	WebAIM: Web Captioning Overview
		Though captioning is primarily intended for those who cannot hear the audio, it has also been found to help those that can hear audio content and those who may not be fluent in the language in which the audio is presented.
		Television closed captioning is used by millions of individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing; millions more use it in the classroom or in noisy environments—like bars, restaurants, and airports.
		Closed captions for television are very limited in their formatting, because the caption look, feel, and location are determined by the caption decoder built into the television set.
	www.webaim.org /techniques/captions (1178 words)

	Closed captioning now available - lynda.com
		The benefits of closed captioning are two-fold; it helps those with impaired hearing follow along and also enables us to provide you with the ability to search the text of the close captioned movies in our library.
		Closed captioning is an assistive technology that presents spoken words and sounds as a text track, or "captions".
		If you've ever watched a foreign film with subtitles, closed captions are quite similar – the main difference being that the text shown on screen is the same language that is being spoken.
	movielibrary.lynda.com /cc (536 words)

	Closed Captioning FAQ
		CEA-608 ("native 608") closed captions are captions formatted and presented in the current analog television system and carried on the two fields of line 21 of the vertical blanking interval.
		These translated 608 captions maintain the look and feel of traditional analog captions although there is no standard specification for the translation method and the look of the resulting captions may be manufacturer-specific.
		Implementing Closed Captioning for DTV This presentation was given by Graham Jones (NAB) at the 2004 NAB Broadcast Engineering Conference.
	www.atsc.org /faq/faq_closed.html (1391 words)

	National Captioning Institute
		Closed captioning displays the dialogue, narration and sound effects of a video program as words on a television screen, similar to subtitles on a movie.
		Unlike subtitled movies, closed captioning allows the viewer to choose whether or not to display the captions that are transmitted within the broadcast signal in encoded (or closed) form.
		NCI developed the closed captioning service to provide 28 million people who are deaf or hard of hearing in the United States with access to the wide range of information and entertainment on television.
	www.ncicap.org /acapintro.asp (236 words)

	What is closed captions? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: closed caption
		Closed captions are a text version of the spoken part of a television, movie, or computer presentation.
		Closed captioning was developed to aid hearing-impaired people, but it's useful for a variety of situations.
		Closed captioning information is encoded within the video signal, in line 21 of the vertical blanking interval (VBI).
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci864467,00.html (405 words)

	Video Closed Captioning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Captioning makes video tapes accessible to students with hearing impairments by displaying the spoken dialogue in printed form on the screen, similar to subtitles.
		Because captioning is a time intensive process, we must have the video to be captioned no less than 3-4 weeks before it is to be shown in the class.
		It is often difficult to accurately interpret videos that are not captioned due to the speed at which information is transmitted, the length of the video tape, and the detail presented.
	www.dissvcs.uga.edu /closedcaptioningvideo.html (624 words)

	LINK Electronics - Closed Captioning Fundametals
		In addition, closed captioning benefits not only the estimated 24 million Americans with hearing disability but also the approximately 27 million in the U.S. who are learning English as a second language, another 27 million functionally illiterate, and 30 million elementary school students learning to read.
		To produce the closed caption master videotape, the original master tape is played back with the video output feeding the closed caption encoder and the time code from the master tape feeding the time code reader card in the computer.
		Closed captioning is a new and exciting field that offers many opportunities for both the television broadcaster and the video producer.
	www.linkelectronics.com /htm/techcc.htm (2698 words)

	RIT - NTID - Tipsheet: Captioning
		Closed captions (CC) are typically enclosed in fl boxes and displayed on Line 21 of the TV set.
		Open captions can be "CC" captions recorded as "open" captions for visible display without the need for decoding, or they can appear as subtitles similar to those seen in foreign films and displayed with upper/lower case lettering and a drop shadow effect.
		Captions are an important aspect of the learning process for deaf and hard-of-hearing students and provide full access to the classroom experience.
	www.netac.rit.edu /publication/tipsheet/captioning.html (1188 words)

	WinCAPS closed captioning software from SysMedia
		Other than with paint-on the text of the caption or row is transmitted prior to display and "built" in the decoder as each character is received.
		To be effective, closed captioning software must allow for this and alert the user during the caption preparation process, WinCAPS does.
		The WinCAPS closed captioning software includes checks for such "build time" errors as well as making it easy to position text using tabs (one character instead of 5 space characters) to reduce the build time requirement.
	www.sysmedia.com /topics/closed_captioning_software.asp (399 words)

	LNS Captioning - Frequently Asked Questions
		A television broadcast station licensee-- "(1) shall not be required to supply closed captioning for any such announcement that fails to include it; and "(2) shall not be liable for broadcasting any such announcement without transmitting a closed caption unless the licensee intentionally fails to transmit the closed caption that was included with the announcement.".
		Our captioners submit all of the caption files from broadcasts and a random sample of their work is graded on spelling and punctuation.
		The station needs to have a closed caption encoder, 2 audio lines (one for the audio for the captioner and one to send the caption data into the encoder), and an audio coupler to allow audio from the broadcast to be sent via telephone line.
	www.lnscaptioning.com /faq.htm (1244 words)

	WGBH - Media Access Group - Captioning FAQ
		Captions enable viewers who are deaf and hard of hearing to participate with family and friends in America's favorite pastime: watching TV.
		Captions are carefully placed to identify speakers, on- and offscreen sound effects, music, and laughter.
		Closed captions are hidden as data within the television signal, and they must be decoded in order to be displayed on your TV screen.
	main.wgbh.org /wgbh/pages/mag/services/captioning/faq (765 words)

	Articles on Captioning; Closed Captioning: The New Standard
		Closed caption information is actually stored on line 21 of the video.
		If a video or a TV program is closed captioned and you turn the decoder on, the decoder checks this line and converts the encoded captions into words.
		When you caption a video in one language in caption channel one, the caption data fills up more than 50 percent of the video space allocated leaving too little space to caption in another language.
	www.cpcweb.com /Captioning/cap_articles_closed_cap_standard.htm (858 words)

	Howstuffworks "On television, how does closed captioning work?" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Closed captioning is embedded in the television signal and becomes visible when you use a special decoder, either as a separate appliance or built into a television set.
		The decoder lets viewers see captions, usually at the bottom of the screen, that will tell them what is being said or heard on their favorite TV shows.
		The captions are hidden in the line 21 data area found in the vertical blanking interval of the television signal.
	www.howstuffworks.com /question427.htm (479 words)

	Broadcast Captioning & Consulting Services Inc.
		Closed Captioning is the process by which the audio portion of a production is transcribed and then displayed on a viewer's television screen.
		Broadcast Captioning will then create a sub-master by sending the caption file while playing the master copy of the program and recording the show and captions onto the closed captioned sub-master.
		The caption file is then fed through a computer to an encoder, which inserts the captions onto line 21.
	www.closedcaptioning.com /captioning_new.asp (780 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		At least four Federal requirements deal with the provision of closed captioning: titles II, III, and IV of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended.
		Captioning is one means to make the information accessible to individuals with disabilities.
		Title IV of the ADA requires that any public service announcements that are wholly or partially funded by the Federal government include closed captioning of the verbal content of the announcement.
	www.usdoj.gov /crt/foia/tal183.txt (523 words)

	Learn more about the FCC Closed Captioning Decisions - National Association of the Deaf
		The law requiring closed captioning was passed in 1996. The FCC closed captioning rules were established in 1998. The rules required closed captioning to be increased gradually over 8 years. Since January 2006, 100% of all new TV programs must be captioned, with some exceptions.
		One exception is when captioning would be an "undue burden" (a significant difficulty or expense). The FCC established a process for TV programs to request to be exempt (excused) from the closed captioning rules.
		The closed captioning rules have been around for years. They are not new rules. They are not a surprise. Captioning is not too difficult or too expensive.
	www.nad.org /site/pp.asp?c=foINKQMBF&b=2073635 (708 words)

	Jobs in the Captioning Industry
		This page is being provided to better enable captioning services to recruit skilled offline video captioners (or subtitlers) and live tv captioners (or subtitlers).
		Description: Position will be responsible for tracking closed captioning deliverables and receivables for ongoing in-house and out-of-house captioning work.
		You will be responsible for transcribing, timing and reviewing closed captions for the deaf and hearing-impaired in a variety of projects (feature films, documentaries, infomercials, music videos, etc.) under tight turnaround deadlines.
	www.captions.org /jobs.cfm (1036 words)

	NBCSanDiego.com - Closed Captioning
		More than 120 million Americans benefit from closed captioning, including 28 million deaf and hard-of-hearing people, 26 million elementary school children practicing reading skills, 30 million people learning English as a second language and 40 million Americans ages 16 and older learning to read.
		As the number of closed caption viewers continues to increase, so does NBC 7/39's determination to provide quality news and entertainment to all of its viewers.
		NBC 7/39 Closed Captioning allows the audio portion of televised programs to be converted into written words that appear on the screen in the form of subtitles.
	www.nbcsandiego.com /closedcaptioning (209 words)

	Monotype Imaging: Closed Caption Fonts
		Closed captioning capabilities provide access to TV programming for individuals with hearing disabilities.
		To display closed captions, viewers must use either a set-top decoder or a TV receiver that contains integrated decoder technology.
		Requirements for closed captioning have existed since the 1990 passage of the Television Decoder Circuitry Act.
	www.monotypeimaging.com /ce/closed_caption.asp (242 words)

	Closed Captioning Help File
		The flowchart is your main navigation to the different components of closed captioning.
		Closed captioned videos are essential for those who are hard of hearing; however, others might rely on this component if they are viewing a video in a foreign language or if they are in a public area and can not hear the audio.
		To create the burned-in timecode VHS tape, you will need to video you are creating closed captioned text for and it will need to be rewound the the beginning of the tape.
	isdweb.isd.uga.edu /designdevelop/caption (2645 words)

	Closed-Captioning
		The goal is to provide accurate information regarding available services for media captioning; to work with faculty and provide guidance in making their video materials available to deaf and hard-of-hearing students; to research new technologies for improving access to electronic media information; and to facilitate reasonable access to services in the classroom.
		The "live" remote captioning process requires that the classroom has an Internet connection (either hard wired or wireless) and that the audio signal is routed to the ETS master control room.
		Closed Caption Maker provides a unique college/university service designed to make currently used VHS videos accessible to hearing-impaired students.
	ets.berkeley.edu /AboutETS/News/Closed-Captioning.htm (996 words)

	CLOSED CAPTIONING - English - Spanish - Portuguese
		They may seek closed captioned programming as one way to enhance their mastery of English.
		As with our subtitlers, our Closed Captioning staff is a highly skilled and qualified group of professionals that take extreme pride in their work and they are all native speakers of the language being subtitled.
		We can deliver the closed caption files for you to encode or if you prefer we can encode or burn the captioned masters at our facilities.
	www.viacommunications.com /close_captioning.html (253 words)

	TV.com Forums - closed captioning ?
		I should have made it clear that the captioning garbage DOES also occur 'live', that is without my having taped the show, but watching it like you said 'as it airs'.
		Unfortunetly, closed captioning is a function of the station providing the service and not Time Warner.
		Closed Captioning is the responsibility of the network and not the service provider I also think that the brand tv has a lot to do with if the captioning is read properly.
	www.tv.com /television-hardware/closed-captioning-/topic/112-611574/msgs.html (1227 words)

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