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	The Physics Classroom
		The end of the tube represents a boundary between the enclosed air in the tube and the expanse of air outside of the tube.
		That is, the pressure at the open end of a closed end air column are always oscillating between a high pressure and a low pressure while the closed end is always maintained at a normal pressure level.
		Since the closed end acts as a fixed end which prevents the oscillation of air, the closed end remains at normal pressure; the close ends are always pressure nodes.
	www.physicsclassroom.com /Class/sound/U11L5d.html (2259 words)

	THE PHYSICS OF CLOSED ENDED TUBES
		All of the physics of a closed end tube behave exactly the same way in an open end tube with the exception of the reflection of the wave as it bounces off of the closed end.
		At the closed end the pressure must remain that same for the reflected wave as it was for the incoming wave.
		Now,if we try to play a closed end tube like a piece of pvc pipe like a trumpet, buzzing our lips into it (it's tough, but it can be done) or cylindrical bugle will produce a very weird set of notes which aren't very musical.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/3941/closedend.html (729 words)

	Closed-End Air Columns
		A closed-end instrument is an instrument in which one of the ends of the metal tube containing the air column is covered and not open to the surrounding air.
		In the case of air columns, a closed end in a column of air is analogous to the fixed end on a vibrating string.
		That is, at the closed end of an air column, air is not free to undergo movement and thus is forced into assuming the nodal positions of the standing wave pattern.
	www.glenbrook.k12.il.us /gbssci/phys/Class/sound/u11l5d.html (1900 words)

	Losing Patience with Closed-End Funds
		I have been a student and investor of closed-end funds for many years -- I think since reading about them in one of your books.
		I have bought most at large discounts on the premise that they will either reduce their discount or open end.
		After all, they are by and large the same managers, and I assume that if there was a large gap between the performance of the two that you and other responsible financial reporters would widely report it.
	www.andrewtobias.com /bkoldcolumns/961213.html (501 words)

	Types of Car Leases: Open-end and Closed-end. Be Careful!
		This type of lease allows you to simply return your vehicle at the end of the lease and have no other responsibilities.
		Closed-end leases are based on the concept that the number of miles you drive annually is fairly predictable (12,000 miles per year is typical), that the vehicle will not be driven in rough or abusive conditions, and that its value at the end of the lease (the residual) is therefore somewhat predictable.
		At the time you lease, the leasing company estimates the vehicle's lease-end residual value and, if the vehicle is actually worth less than the residual when you turn it in, the leasing company takes the financial hit, not you.
	www.leaseguide.com /lease06.htm (462 words)

	Closed End Mutual Funds
		Because the number of shares of a closed end fund are limited and not usually redeemed by the fund itself, the shares often trade at a premium or discount to the underlying notes or equities within the fund.
		The investment goals of these funds can be as varied as those of the open end funds.
		Investors who purchase shares in a closed end fund are often trying to buy the value of the underlying assets when they believe the closed end fund is trading at a discount greater than justified.
	quotes.nasdaq.com /asp/closedendfunds.asp (111 words)

	A Guide to Closed-End Funds (html)
		Of the total $213.8 billion invested in closed-end funds at the end of 2003, $51.8 billion was invested in stock funds and $162 billion in bond funds.
		For bond funds, the final column shows dividends paid from income during the last 12 months, as of the prior month's end, as a percentage of market price.
		Distributions of capital gains typically occur annually near the end of the calendar year.
	www.ici.org /statements/inv/bro_g2_ce.html (2589 words)

	closed end investment company and Stock Trading at TradeStars + Stock Trading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		closed end investment company and stock trading - get free info on closed end investment company from the guaranteed delivery website with associated offers.
		More recently, a number of spread betting companies have appeared, who established closed end investment company bodies who make millions everyday have a vested interest in convincing us and bust, stock markets go with them.
		closed end investment company involves aggressive trading, and generally you will pay closed account at the start of the day.
	www.tradestars.com /content/closed-end-investment-company.asp (175 words)

	Case Closed: Leveraged closed-end income funds are paying 8% yields in a 4% world. Planners and sophisticated clients ...
		Case Closed: Leveraged closed-end income funds are paying 8% yields in a 4% world.
		At the end of the year, investors may dump these funds to take tax losses.
		You may be able to buy funds holding top-rated municipal bonds at discounts of 12%-15%." Herzfeld concurs that November and December are often the best months to buy closed-end funds since year-end tax selling pushes discounts to their widest levels.
	www.financial-planning.com /pubs/fp/20031001034.html (1650 words)

	Closed End Funds and ETFs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A Closed End Fund (CEF) is a publicly traded investment company that invests in a variety of securities such as stocks, bonds, preferred stocks, real estate, mortgages, royalties, etc. The variety of sectors, classifications, and geographical representation is every bit as confusing as it is with traditional funds, but the advantages are easy to understand.
		Although the outstanding shares of a Closed End Fund remain relatively constant, additional shares can be created through secondary offerings, rights offerings and/or the issuance of shares for dividend reinvestment.
		Closed End Funds involve the same risks as common stocks: Prices Fluctuate; Management Skills vary from company to company; Markets rise and fall; Interest Rates change.
	www.sancoservices.com /closedendandexchangetradedfunds.htm (1548 words)

	Hibernia National Bank - Calculators/Educators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		There were over 8,000 open-end funds with assets of $7.65 trillion at the end of October 2004, according to the Investment Company Institute.
		Assets of closed-end funds were $232 billion at the end of June 2004 -- about 3% of total assets held in open-end funds.
		Because of their relative dominance, the Investment Company Institute refers to open-end funds simply as mutual funds.
	partners.financenter.com /hibernia/learn/guides/investmutfund/invfund_openclose.fcs (397 words)

	Why Closed-End Funds?
		Transactions in shares of mutual funds are based on their net asset value (NAV), determined at the close of each business day.
		All orders received during a business day are filled only at the end of that same day, and all transactions are based on the closing net asset value per share.
		At the end of every week, closed-end fund NAVs are published in Barron's, the Wall Street Journal and newspapers in major metropolitan areas.
	www.tricontinental.com /public/general/whyClosedend.html (1476 words)

	Debt consolidation closed end loan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Debt Consolidation Closed End Loans Debt Counseling Corp_ A debt...
		end loan mortgage debt consolidation loan company loan for debt consolidation...
		end loan mortgage debt consolidation loan company low interest loan for debt...
	debtmanagement.debtmanagementandconsolidation.com /debt/Debt%20consolidation%20closed%20end%20loan.asp (285 words)

	closed end credit and Stock Trading at TradeStars + Stock Trading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		closed end credit and stock trading - your one stop source for closed end credit with no questions asked with plenty of chutzpah.
		closed end credit is frankly an incredible warehouse of info.
		The closed end credit relationship, non-institutional customer unless, prior to opening the account, the member has furnished to each customer, at the time your orders are placed.
	www.tradestars.com /content/closed-end-credit.asp (120 words)

	AutoFlex - Types of Auto Leases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Barring physical damage to the vehicle, excess wear and tear, or additional mileage beyond the mileage allocations in the lease, you have no contingent responsibility for the vehicle's value at the close of the lease.
		With a closed-end lease, any loss of value through depreciation of the vehicle is the responsibility of the leasing company.
		If it isn't, you may owe all or a portion of the difference, often called an "end-of-the lease payment." The Federal Consumer Leasing Act provides a measure of protection for leases in open-end leases by limiting the end-of-term liability to no more than the total of three monthly payments.
	www.autoflex.com /lease/leases.html (132 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Playing in a Closed Game
		Because of some clever financial engineering, shares of an ETF decrease and increase in a way that keeps the price of those shares linked closely with the underlying index.
		Its returns have run close to those of the SandP for the past 10 years, and it's up 22 percent so far in 2003.
		But, in many cases, the benefits of closed-ends outweigh the drawbacks, and, in the end, investors should seriously consider adding these investments to their portfolios.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A43837-2003Nov15?language=printer (1965 words)

	Definition Of Closed End Loan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Read about closed end funds in the free online encyclopedia and dictionary.
		End Fund Center - Database of all domestic closed-end funds including daily NAV and market...
		FSA's Discussion paper 10 is entitled 'Split Capital Closed End Funds'.
	www.best-secured-loans-uk.co.uk /bestsecured/definition_of_closed_end_loan.html (352 words)

	closed-end fund Definition
		The price of a share in a closed-end fund is determined entirely by market demand, so shares can either trade below their net asset value ("at a discount") or above it ("at a premium").
		closed fund, investment trust, open-end fund, discount, premium, term trust, dual-purpose fund
		Give this definition a rating from 1 to 5 (5 being the best)...
	www.investorwords.com /893/closed_end_fund.html (92 words)

	Comments of Investment Company Institute on S7-50-02
		The Proposing Release states that the 30-minute requirement may be unnecessarily long to prevent issuers of highly liquid securities from influencing market prices near the close of trading and requests comment on the proposed ten-minute requirement.
		The Institute supports permitting issuers of highly liquid securities to repurchase their securities up to ten minutes before the close of trading.
		In addition, we believe it is important to continue to provide issuers with such a bright-line standard to determine their eligibility for the safe harbor.
	www.sec.gov /rules/proposed/s75002/dmdonohue1.htm (1952 words)

	Definition of Closed-End Fund
		Some funds invest in stocks, others in bonds, and some in very specific things like tax-free bonds issued by the state of Florida in the USA.
		The two things that distinguish a closed-end fund from an ordinary mutual fund are that (1) it's closed to new capital after it begins operating, and (2) its shares trade on stock exchanges rather than being redeemed directly by the fund.
		That is, a closed-end fund will have an initial public offering of its shares at which it will, say, sell 10 million shares for $10 each.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Closed-End_Fund (719 words)

	Morningstar.com - What Are Closed-End Funds? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		For certain investors who want a particular fund, a higher-yielding alternative, or who simply like the idea of buying at a discount, though, they can provide a worthwhile addition to a portfolio.
		A closed-end fund should not be confused with a closed fund.
		The latter is an open-end mutual fund that has decided to stop taking in new money--temporarily or permanently--because its management thinks that the size of its asset base has become more of a burden than an advantage.
	news.morningstar.com /doc/article/0,1,3549,00.html (1567 words)

	09/29/97 WHEN THE LID COMES OFF CLOSED-END FUNDS
		Porter estimates that institutional ownership of closed-end fund shares has jumped from single digits to the high teens since the end of 1995.
		Any closed-end fund with an institutional ownership of 20% or more is worth considering because the institutions might mobilize other shareholders to take action to change the fund's structure.
		It's probably as close to a win-win situation as you're likely to get in these turbulent markets.
	www.tinyurl.com /5zgyu (1247 words)

	closed end funds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Here are some of the traditional and distinguishing characteristics of closed-end funds: Closed-end funds generally do not continuously offer their shares for sale.
		Professional Use Only Eaton Vance serves as investment adviser to the closed end funds listed below.
		end funds The Closed-End Fund Center features daily pricing and performance information on closed-end funds as well as daily news, industy stats, and portfolio tracking.
	www.centuryfloors.be /closedendfunds-9905.html (262 words)

	Closed-End Mutual Funds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Closed-End funds are those whose portfolios are still owned by earlier investors and that are still actively managed as always; but they no longer sell shares at NAV rates to new investors.
		However, you can buy shares of closed funds on the open market, just like buying stocks.
		Some of the closed-end funds are managed by superstar money managers like Marty Zwieg, Mario Gabelli and John Templeton.
	www.powerinvestor.com /Primer/Mutual-Funds/Closed-End-Mutual-Funds.htm (434 words)

	Closed-End Muni Bonds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		At the height of tax-loss-related selling in December, the median discount to net asset value for muni funds was 12.6%, according to Lipper.
		Since then, the median discount has narrowed to 4.7% at the end of the second quarter.
		Nuveen Investments, the most-active firm in offering new closed-end funds this year, also has been revamping its fee structure.
	www.gordonsnyder.com /common/closed-endmunifunds.html (1099 words)

	Definition Closed End Loan
		A loan is closed ended loan for which amount of loan have been disbursed, and all required documentation has been executed, received and reviewed.
		For statistical purposes, first or total disbursement is counted as a closed loan.
		Start up companies in every industry are always seeking capital to open or expand their company.
	www.hjventures.com /SBA/Closed-End-Loan.html (295 words)

	Closed-End Mutual Funds
		They're the funds you find in the mutual fund section of your paper, they number in the thousands, and everyone from your grandmother to your 12-year-old sister invests in them.
		Closed-end funds are also pools of professionally managed stocks, but that's where the similarities end.
		Unlike open-end funds, where the fund company creates or eliminates shares every time you buy or sell, closed-end funds have a fixed number of shares.
	www.bankrate.com /brm/news/investing/20000320f.asp (1025 words)

	Omniseek: /Personal Finance /Mutual Funds /Closed End /
		Closed End Funds A closed end fund is a mutual fund with a fixed number of shares.
		Closed-end funds are mutual funds with a fixed number of shares that trade on an open market(stock exchange).
		Open and closed end mutual funds and classes of funds
	www.omniseek.com /srch/{15657} (633 words)

	Closed-end funds
		Don't confuse CEFs with closed funds (mutual funds that are no longer accepting new investment dollars).
		The "closed-end" aspect of CEFs means the fund is a closed pool of assets, according to Jack Perry, a financial adviser with Raymond James and Associates in Indianapolis.
		When a fund is created, there's an initial public offering and the NAV (net asset value) is established.
	bankrate.com /brm/news/investing/20010427a.asp?keyword=&...&lastn=Bruce (1755 words)

	Closed End Funds on 07/21/05 (Buying) Best Mutual Fund Charting, Ranking, and Analysis
		This strategy could be used monthly or quarterly with Closed.
		The above are service marks of Closed End Funds on 07/21/05 (Buying)®.
		Check with Closed End Funds on 07/21/05 (Buying) and your traditional sources of investment information before trading a Closed End Funds on 07/21/05 (Buying) fund.
	www.fasttrack.net /family.asp?fam=closed&Desc=Closed+End+Funds (296 words)

	Molex - Molex-ETC Splices
		A translucent nylon-molded insulation is adhered to the metal connector insert.
		Note: For parts on mylar tape, add "T" at the end of loose piece order no.
		All connectors are UL listed and CSA approved as Pressure-Type wire connectors for 600V max., building wire; 1000V max., signs or fixtures and comply with Federal Specification W-S-610d.
	www.molex.com /product/sterm/splice.html (140 words)

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