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Topic: Closed formula

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Combinatorics

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	Formula 16 High Performance Beach cat class
		They will be supported in their efforts by the Formula 16 authority with respect to communication and be given the means to propose the amendments, changes or additions to the class as a whole.
		Formula 16 Authority, the Texel officials or the ISAF (Multihull Committee) are considered valid.
		The Formula 16 class assigns this nation code on the basis of residence or the nationality of the skipper.
	www.geocities.com /f16hpclass/F16HP_class_rules.html (4586 words)

	closed formula for BJ EV
		I am looking for a closed (exact) formula giving player EV as a function of (p1, p2, p3,....,p10) being the proportion of Ace, 2, 3....10 remaining in the deck.
		Re: closed formula for BJ EV -- T-Hopper -- Monday, 27 December 2004, at 12:53 a.m.
		Re: closed formula for BJ EV -- Eric Farmer -- Tuesday, 28 December 2004, at 12:22 p.m.
	www.bjmath.com /bin-cgi/bjmath.pl?noframes;read=5967 (304 words)

	Closed Formula for the Matrix Elements of the Volume Operator in Canonical Quantum Gravity - Thiemann (ResearchIndex) ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Closed formula for the matrix elements of the volume operator in canonical quantum gravity (1996)
		Abstract: We derive a closed formula for the matrix elements of the volume operator for canonical Lorentzian quantum gravity in four spacetime dimensions in the continuum in a spin-network basis.
		Thiemann T 1996, "Closed formula for the matrix elements of the volume operator in canonical quantum gravity" xxx-archive gr-qc/9606091.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /thiemann96closed.html (617 words)

	Geometric Sequences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		To find the explicit formula, you will need to be given (or use computations to find out) the first term and use that value in the formula.
		For example, when writing the general explicit formula, n is the variable and does not take on a value.
		The first time we used the formula, we were working backwards from an answer and the second time we were working forward to come up with the explicit formula.
	www.algebralab.org /lessons/lesson.aspx?file=Algebra_GeoSeq.xml (836 words)

	A history of the 3rdGen Formula
		The engine bay of the Formula was home to many Ram Air versions of the venerable Pontiac 400, several 455s, the Super Duty 455, the W72 220hp 400cid Pontiac (the last of the big Pontiac motors in '78 and '79) and finally to the turbocharged 301 Pontiac V8 of 1980 to 1981.
		The 1987 Formula was a virtual re-incarnation of the 1982 Trans Am, with the exception of the added base model's rubber bumperette style guards on the chin and the rear bumper and the rear aero-wing spoiler.
		Formula (and all Firebirds for that matter) now had a "Pass-key" theft-deterrent system that had a resistor pellet imbedded in the key that had to match the ignition in order for the car to start.
	www.goingfaster.com /spo/formhist.html (7834 words)

	PlanetMath: derivation of Binet formula
		so the closed formula for the Fibonacci sequence must be of the form
		"derivation of Binet formula" is owned by drini.
		This is version 1 of derivation of Binet formula, born on 2005-02-19.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/DerivationOfBinetFormula.html (91 words)

	Closed-form formula - Reuters Financial Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A single arithmetic formula obtained to simplify an infinite sum in a general formula.
		The general formula of bond duration and bond convexity cannot be said closed-form as there is an infinite sum over the different time periods.
		Using a closed-form formula, a bond’s duration or convexity can be calculated at any point in its life time.
	glossary.reuters.com /index.php/Closed-form_formula (121 words)

	The Logic
		(i) false is a formula (it is a propositional constant)
		It is bound by the quantifier of smallest scope that causes it to be bound.
		A variable occurrence in a formula F which is not bound is said to be free.
	www.cs.cornell.edu /Info/Projects/NuPRL/documents/semantics/node2.html (968 words)

	Newton-Cotes formulas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In numerical analysis, the Newton-Cotes formulas, also called the Newton-Cotes rules, are a group of formulas for numerical integration (also called quadrature) based on evaluating the integrand at n+1 equally-spaced points.
		There are two types of Newton-Cotes formulas, the "closed" type which uses the function value at all points, and the "open" type which does not use the function values at the end points.
		The weights are found in a manner similar to the closed formula.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Newton-Cotes_formulas (554 words)

	Recycler Closed Orbit Distortion Expected from Random Magnetic Element Strength and Alignment Errors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The purpose of this note is to calculate the relationship between the expected closed orbit distortion and expected randomly distributed strength and alignment errors.
		Because the distribution of errors is random, and therefore not known a priori, one can only calculate a range of closed orbit errors that might be expected at a particular point around the circumference of the Recycler.
		The rms distribution of closed orbits can be calculated by applying a simple statistical argument to the standard closed orbit formula.
	www-fmi.fnal.gov /fmiinternal/MI_Notes_Pages/MI-0158.html (513 words)

	Springer Online Reference Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		For formulas of a logico-mathematical language one defines the relation "an object e realizes a closed formula F" , written "e r F" , for short.
		, and then for compound formulas under the assumption that the relation is already defined for the subformulas from which they are made up.
		For the formulas of a logical language, such as propositional or predicate formulas, realizability is usually defined using the concept of realizability for some logico-mathematical language
	eom.springer.de /r/r080070.htm (427 words)

	The Physics of Dreamtime: An analysis of the acoustical properties of a didgeridoo
		The formula for determining the fundamental frequency of an open-closed pipe (based on the reflections of air pressure) is given as F = v /4L where F is the fundamental frequency, v is the speed of sound, and L is the length of the tube, or in this case the didgeridoo (Rossing, 65).
		This formula can again be used (with some alterations) to determine the frequencies of the modes of vibration beyond just the fundamental.
		This occurs because of the opposite reflecting properties of the open and closed ends, meaning there are half the numbers of waveforms that can fit inside of a pipe (as compared to an open-open pipe).
	www.didjshop.com /physicsDidjDreamtime.html (4272 words)

	1st Order Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		However, if a formula is not a logical consequence of a set of axioms, it may not be possible to show that it is not.
		A formulae that has no free variables is a closed formula; otherwise a formula is open.
		For ATP open formulae are not useful, because it is not possible to interpret (in the sense of giving meaning) open formulae.
	www.cs.miami.edu /~geoff/Courses/CS63S-M05/Content/1stOrder.shtml (2474 words)

	Celestry : Welcome : etc : etc
		Two approaches are primarily used for extraction: library-based and rule-based (or closed- formula-based).
		Coefficients of the formula are determined based on different ranges of physical parameters such as widths and spacings between wires.
		Efforts invested in tuning the formula and coefficients for the current process will then be wasted.
	www.celestry.com /products_nautilusrc.shtml (786 words)

	Formula one: Engine loophole will be closed \| Formula one \| Guardian Unlimited Sport
		Formula one: Engine loophole will be closed
		Formula one: Marco Andretti could drive for Honda
		Under rules introduced this year competitors must use the same engine for two races but can change it if they retire, a rule clearly intended to provide for accidents and mechanical failures.
	sport.guardian.co.uk /formulaone/story/0,10069,1438534,00.html (290 words)

	Syntax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In other approaches, the functions defined by these rules are called ground terms and the formulas defined by these rules are called sentences or closed formulas.
		A sentence (or a closed formula) is a formula
		Refutation style proofs often construct a model of the formula as a side-effect of the proof process.
	cs.wwc.edu /KU/Logic/Book/book/node7.html (830 words)

	A Steep towards a formula for Pi(x)
		-Pi(x) is expressed in a closed form, there is not a summation over x or a complex contour integration (you wouldn,t need to make any contour integration at all with no error term the worst it can happen is that any function a0,a1 or a2 is defined by an integral on x)..
		It's simple- produce the formula you are declaring the "best" then prove it's correct and it's run time is asymptotically better than the current ones.
		Yes my formula would be exact (if we could calculate the a0,a1 and a2) but unfortunately this includes calculating
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=85352 (1040 words)

	[No title]
		1sa 1sb], R=5.0, all zeta=1.0; correct value"); printf(" is\n 0.51193...x10^-9 (MT is in error by factor 10)\n\n"); printf(" Closed formula:\n"); Two_el_0(5.,3.,1,0,0,-3.,1,0,0,-3.,1,0,0,3.,1,0,0,4); printf(" Array formula:\n"); Two_el_1(5.,3.,1,0,0,-3.,1,0,0,-3.,1,0,0,3.,1,0,0,4); printf(" Small-exponent formula (very poor because zeta*R=15, which\n"); printf(" is certainly not small; moderate convergence parameters)\n"); Two_el_2(5.,3.,1,0,0,-3.,1,0,0,-3.,1,0,0,3.,1,0,0,4,10,10); printf(" [2sa 1sb
		(agrees with MT assuming their\n"); printf(" unlabelled 2p is in fact 2p sigma)\n"); printf(" Closed formula:\n"); Two_el_0(1.,1.,2,1,0,-1.,1,0,0,1.,2,1,0,-1.,1,0,0,4); printf(" Array formula:\n"); Two_el_1(1.,1.,2,1,0,-1.,1,0,0,1.,2,1,0,-1.,1,0,0,4); printf(" Small-exponent formula:\n"); Two_el_2(1.,1.,2,1,0,-1.,1,0,0,1.,2,1,0,-1.,1,0,0,4,10,10); printf(" [2p pi-a 1sb
		2p pi'-a 1sb], R=1.0, all zeta=1.0; correct\n"); printf(" value is 0.11117...\n"); printf(" Closed formula:\n"); Two_el_0(1.,1.,2,1,1,-1.,1,0,0,1.,2,1,-1,-1.,1,0,0,4); printf(" Array formula:\n"); Two_el_1(1.,1.,2,1,1,-1.,1,0,0,1.,2,1,-1,-1.,1,0,0,4); printf(" Small-exponent formula:\n"); Two_el_2(1.,1.,2,1,1,-1.,1,0,0,1.,2,1,-1,-1.,1,0,0,4,10,10); printf(" [2psigma-a 1sb
	www.physics.utah.edu /~harris/P186T.txt (234 words)

	Closed-form expression - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Typically, these well-known functions are defined to be elementary functions; so infinite series, limits, and continued fractions are not permitted.
		For example, the roots of any quadratic equation with complex coefficients can be expressed in closed form in terms of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root extraction, all elementary functions.
		Many cumulative distribution functions cannot be expressed in closed form, unless one considers special functions such as the error function or gamma function to be well-known.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Closed-form_expression (212 words)

	[No title]
		When it is closed, note that a different interned version of itself may be returned.
		Only closed formulae may be mentioned in statements in other formuale.
		Dangers: this formula will be, because of interning, the same objet as a formula used elsewhere which happens to have the same content.
	www.w3.org /2000/10/swap/llyn.py (1997 words)

	Classical Two-valued Logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In the formula /\x.A, A is the scope of the quantifier and x is not free in /\x.A. The compound formulas of (with the exception of the negation of an atomic formula) are classified as of type alpha with subformulas alpha
		A formula F is said to be valid (=F) iff it is valid in all models M (M = F for all M).
		Prove: if the initial configuration of consists of a block containing a single formula, the negation of a tautology, then the configuration reduces to a configuration where each block is a contradiction.
	cs.wwc.edu /~aabyan/Logic/Classical.html (1759 words)

	Fibonacci number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		is the exact closed formula for the series.
		Since the conversion factor 1.609 for miles to kilometers is close to the golden ratio (denoted φ), the decomposition of distance in miles into a sum of Fibonacci numbers becomes nearly the kilometer sum when the Fibonacci numbers are replaced by their successors.
		Results such as these make it plausible that a closed formula for the plain sum of reciprocal Fibonacci numbers could be found, but none is yet known.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fibonacci_number (2601 words)

	Jenness Enterprises - Statistical Distributions; Quantile Functions
		Because the formula for this function does not exist in a closed form, it must be computed numerically.
		This script arrives at the X-value through an iterative process, repeatedly testing X-values with the CDF_ChiSquare function until it arrives at P value that is within 1x10 -12 units from the specified P-value (this usually takes between 30-60 iterations).
		Furthermore, there is no closed formula for calculating the Normal cumulative distribution function, so this script uses the Simpson’s approximation method (Stewart 1998, p.
	www.jennessent.com /arcview/idf.htm (1320 words)

	Idea for a racing formula - Ultimatecarpage.com forums
		At the end of the Group C era in the early 1990s, the World Sportscar Championship adopted 3.5 litre naturally aspirated engines built to F1 regulations as the engine format.
		The result was "Procar", which was for closed body cars with the body of a production car (ie: an Alfa 164) a racing chassis and an F1 engine of either 1.5 litres Turbocharged or 3.5 litres normally aspirated.
		Anyway, Ecclestone's Procar idea is very close in concept to what is proposed above - the only difference being that it would've been for cars with the body shells of saloons rather than sports-prototype racers.
	www.ultimatecarpage.com /forum/showthread.php?t=25138 (1491 words)

	Goedel's Incompleteness Theorem. Gödel's Theorem. Liar's Paradox
		In a PA-proof each formula must be either an axiom of PA, or a logical axiom, or it must be derived from some previous formulas of the proof by using one of the logical inference rules.
		Let F be a closed formula of some formal theory T. If neither F, nor ~F can proved by using the axioms of T, then F is called undecidable in T (or T-undecidable).
		And conversely, if we have proved that in T some formula (for example, 0=1) cannot be proved, then we have proved that T is consistent.
	linas.org /mirrors/www.ltn.lv/2001.03.27/~podnieks/gt5.html (5349 words)

	Contract (Mandatory): 1-04-87-21 Rev.: C - COMMERCIAL SALMON AND TROUT FEEDS (COLD WATER), SKRETTING BRAND, CLOSED ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		CONTRACT SUPPLEMENT NO. 2 November 1, 2005 Commercial Salmon and Trout Feeds (Cold Water), Skretting Brand, Closed Formula Contract No. 1-04-87-21 is hereby modified to reflect various price increases in accordance with the Price Escalation Option set forth in the solicitation and resulting contract.
		The contract is mandatory for the State of California, Department of Fish and Game, for Skretting Brand Closed Formula Commercial Salmon and Trout Feeds (Cold Water).
		It is a requirement that all fish food formulas that were bid and offered through this contract have been previously tested and approved by the State of California, Department of Fish and Game.
	pdrox.pd.dgs.ca.gov /pin/html/1-04-87-21.htm (1383 words)

	SSRN-Maximum Duration of Below Par Bonds: A Closed-form Formula by Paolo Pianca
		For this maximum we provide an explicit formula based on the Lambert W function.
		Keywords: Macauley's duration, closed form formula, below par bonds, Lambert's W function
		Pianca, Paolo, "Maximum Duration of Below Par Bonds: A Closed-form Formula" (June 6, 2005).
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=738445 (252 words)

	Re: closed formula for BJ EV (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In Response To: closed formula for BJ EV (Saladin)
		I have such a formula for dealer probabilities - it is tens of thousands of lines long.
		Finding the player's expectation for all but the smallest subsets requires solving this equation hundreds or thousands of times.
	www.bjmath.com.cob-web.org:8888 /bin-cgi/bjmath.pl?noframes;read=5971 (345 words)

	Goedel's Incompleteness Theorem. Liar's Paradox. Self Reference. By K.Podnieks
		The formula ~PR) asserts that T does not prove 0=1, hence, it implies that T cannot simultaneously prove and disprove Tr(B) for a closed PA-formula B. Thus, let us say that a fundamental theory T is arithmetically consistent, iff, for all closed PA-formulas B, T does not prove Tr(B) and ~Tr(B) simultaneously.
		The formula ACon(T) asserts the arithmetical consitncy of T. Of course, if T is consistent, then T is arithmetically consistent.
		Accordingly, for these "natural" formulas Goedel's Second Theorem holds: any fundamental theory T is either arithmetical inconsistent, or it cannot prove ACon(T).
	linas.org /mirrors/www.ltn.lv/2005.01.29/~podnieks/gt5.html (6664 words)

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