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Topic: Closed source software

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	Open vs. Closed Source Software
		The reasons for writing open source software range from those who have a passion for computing and who want to contribute to make a difference to those who do not like having to rely on any single company to produce what is needed.
		Open source software and its authors are legally protected by the GPL (General Public Licence).
		Unlike closed source software, the software is normally provided without warranty and you have no recourse should the software malfunction or not perform, there is also no guarantee of good documentation or support.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2004/january/software.htm (1529 words)

	Closed source - Simple English Wikipedia
		Closed source (or proprietary) software is the opposite of Open source.
		Closed source software does not give others access to the source code of the software.
		Closed source software is often considered less secure that open source software, however this is not always the case.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Closed_source (144 words)

	CIOL : Infrastructure : Open Source offers more security
		Closed source code does, in fact, contain vulnerabilities that once in the hands of the techno-miscreant are just as damaging to an organization.
		Additionally, closed source software is not always that closed, since it is made available to some organizations and may inadvertently end up in the hands of unwanted individuals.
		Closed source software comes in a complex package in which the underlying components are often a mystery.
	www.ciol.com /content/search/showarticle1.asp?artid=45065 (611 words)

	The penguin in peril
		Software firms rising to prominence in the 1980s kept their source code secret and began imposing increasingly wide–ranging licence restrictions on software use and modification [18].
		Open source developers pursued several licensing strategies with the common goal of disseminating human–readable source code and allowing software to be freely shared and modified [20].
		Software patents thus threaten to permanently concentrate power in the hands of large institutional rights holders and raise impenetrable barriers to entry for open source developers [305].
	www.firstmonday.org /issues/issue10_1/omar (15101 words)

	Open Source versus Closed Source (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Open source software is any piece of software where a normal end user is granted a full view into the source code and has the option to modify this code for his or her own purpose.
		The biggest downside of closed source software is that you have no idea how it was made.
		Most open source projects are being worked on by developers who do it for fun and in their own time.
	mongers.org /open-vs-closed (693 words)

	[No title]
		He considered the source code to be the most significant part of software and thus the hackers were "stealing the crown jewels" by making the source code available for download instead of profiting from it [7].
		Yet in the net-centric UNIX worlds, "free software" is open-source software, or software that is part of the public domain, is free, and has source code available.
		Copyleft software is software whose source code is always available and any derived products are released under that same license, meaning the source code of the derived product is also available.
	www.chem.vt.edu /chem-dept/dessy/honors/papers99/napier.htm (2763 words)

	Explore Open Source Alternatives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Closed source software is any software whose source code is hidden from the public view.
		Since open source code solutions do not fit the traditional procurement model in that there is not usually a vendor promoting and proposing the product, it is recommended that state departments actively research and evaluate open source code alternatives prior to considering use of the traditional procurement model for software.
		Looking to the open source community for applications that serve the same function as closed source solutions may cause vendors to be more flexible with pricing and licensing structures.
	cpr.ca.gov /report/cprrpt/issrec/stops/it/so10.htm (1674 words)

	Open Source Security
		Systems with source code freely accessible to the public are required to allow their inspection by the State itself, by the citizens, and by a large number of independent experts throughout the world.
		Open-source proponents have long argued that their software is more secure due the exposure of the raw code to thousands of eyeballs, and the ability of anyone using the software to incorporate code changes to quickly patch vulnerabilities.
		First, after closed source software reaches a certain stage in its development, it may be so complex that it will be difficult to attract sufficient qualified programmers to review, comprehend, and improve the code.
	www.softpanorama.org /Security/oss_security.shtml (15467 words)

	Open and Closed Source (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Software developers who use the open source model may be able to develop their product with less overhead than those who use the closed source model.
		With open source software, the code is always there for the users to look at, and if something deceitful was being done, such as information being sent to the customer, someone would find out and make this known to the users of the product (Basha 2001).
		Closed software developers have the ability to make more money from their product than do those who have to make the code available to all.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/r/p/rpp124/openandclosed.htm (1301 words)

	Closed Source-Open Source
		Closed Source software is code that is written and compiled into machine instructions that allow you to do things with your computer like read this.
		Open Source software is code that is written and compiled into machine instructions that allow you to do things with your computer as well.
		The difference is that the Source Code is available for you to examine, rewrite, change and scratch your head in wonder like me. I use programs, rather than creating them.
	www.lemurzone.com /edit/converse39.htm (778 words)

	LWN: Open Source And Viruses
		Because the source code of their software is publicly available, clients using Open Source have the freedom to move to a different supplier if they so choose.
		The suppliers of closed source software can take months to correct the original vulnerabilities in their programs, because they do not benefit from fixing errors in their own software, and are loathe to admit that their programs contain any flaws.
		Closed source suppliers lose money by fixing the flaws in their software, so errors go uncorrected and their clients are driven to use anti-virus programs.
	lwn.net /Articles/88176 (4028 words)

	[No title]
		They do so by taking into consideration the software development process, development environment and characteristics of software like size, complexity etc. If we look at closely at these parameters they vary significantly from open source projects to closed source project.
		However these two papers considers the open source and closed source as separate systems and ignores the fact many of the today’s application and or systems utilizes a hybrid model i.e.
		For example according to [zhao] 51% of the open source project are developed by one developer and 43% have one to five developers again 77% of them does the development on part time basis generally at home as oppose to closed source projects being developed by a team of people on full time basis.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~dblaze/project_idea_1.doc (381 words)

	Background Information: ARB's Commentary on the CPR's SO10
		Open source solutions are typically free of charge, although some companies such as IBM, Oracle and Hewlett Packard (HP) often sell versions of open source software with related maintenance.
		Many also feel that open source is more reliable and secure than closed source.
		They would then evaluate open source software that could be implemented in place of the closed source solution.
	www.arb.ca.gov /oss/so10arb.htm?PF=Y (1905 words)

	Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FOSS, or FLOSS)? Look at the Numbers!
		Note that those who use the term “open source software” tend to emphasize technical advantages of such software (such as better reliability and security), while those who use the term “Free Software” tend to emphasize freedom from control by another and/or ethical issues.
		Software that cannot be modified and redistributed without further limitation, but whose source code is visible (e.g., “source viewable” or “open box” software, including “shared source” and “community” licenses), is not considered here since such software don’t meet the definition of OSS/FS.
		Chuck Upsdell has combined many data sources and estimates that, as of September 2004, IE has decreased from 94% to 84%, as users switch to other browser families (mainly Gecko); he also believes this downward trend is likely to continue.
	www.dwheeler.com /oss_fs_why.html (15201 words)

	LWN: RELEASE: OSIA Warns Against the use of Closed Source Software for National Security Purposes
		Australia's Open Source industry body, OSIA, calls upon government departments and organisations which are implementing solutions within the sphere of national security, to discontinue use of closed-source software where possible due to serious security risks.
		At present, the only code for which such a process can be undertaken is open source code." OSIA also directly disputes the self-serving suggestion from U.S-based closed-source tools provider Green Hills Software Inc., that open source software, through it's open nature, can become unnecessarily susceptible to infiltration by equivalent trojan code.
		The second point is an absolute necessity to independently verify that the putative source code offered by Microsoft as the source code to the Windows platform, is in fact the legitimate codebase.
	lwn.net /Articles/85796 (613 words)

	Proprietary Closed Software is a Security Risk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Above all, the danger of closed source software is its lack of transparency.
		As a further benefit, open source code likewise is relatively immune from obsolescence brought about by the real or alleged upgrading of the platform upon which it depends.
		Open source software is written by programmers for their own use, or for the immediate requirements of their employers, and released not for profit, but for the pride in the work that comes from the endorsement of people who know how to write software.
	www.eskimo.com /~alberrtr/beware.html (860 words)

	PC Perspective / Amdmb Forums - open-source vs closed-source software
		Do you feel that when the source is freely avaliable that it comprimises security by allowing people to find bugs/holes in the software, or that it allows people to find these bugs..and the bugs to be fixed quicker?
		Personally I feel that the source being open allows security holes and bugs to be found and fixed much faster than closed source.
		I think that shows the difference between having the source in the hands of someone with bad intentions and not.
	forums.pcper.com /showthread.php?t=373048 (417 words)

	Open source's new weapon: The law? \| CNET News.com
		Open-source software advocates will unfurl a legislative proposal next week to prohibit the state of California from buying software from Microsoft or any other company that doesn't open its source code and licensing policies.
		If enacted as written, state agencies would be able to buy software only from companies that do not place restrictions on use or access to source code.
		"The legislative intent is that for software to be acceptable to the state, it is not enough that it is technically capable of fulfilling a task, but that the contractual condition for purchase and/or licensing must satisfy a series of requirements regarding the license," the proposal states.
	news.com.com /2100-1001-949241.html (695 words)

	About open-source software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This kind of software can't be open-sources, because the company won't recoup its investment, and competitors will act as free riders, ie.
		Professional software for which heavy post-sale service is required and budgeted, regardless of the license under which the software is produced (deployment, training, customization, maintenance - partly due to changes in legal requirements or the software/hardware used by the customer -, support, bug fixing and safe deployment, new features, etc.).
		Non-software companies that come up with some piece of software for which they either don't see any commercial potential, not sufficient to justify launching a commercial venture to commercialize it, or to which software is just too removed from their core competency.
	www.fredshack.com /docs/oss.html (2132 words)

	Making Open Source Software Pay \| TG Daily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		While some home users, hackers and hobbyists have switched to Linux or other Open Source software, businesses seem to have been more cautious.
		To understand how Open Source software works, we need to start off by examining how traditional Closed Source programs are developed.
		Dozens, maybe hundreds of programmers write the source code and then compile the code into a faster machine language or binary version.
	www.tgdaily.com /2004/07/26/making_open_source_software_pay (436 words)

	Closed-source Proprietary Software Has Many Risks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Inscrutability of code prohibits open peer analysis, complicates system integration
		Unavailability of source code reduces on-site adaptability and reparability
		Lack of interoperability and composability often induces inflexible monolithic solutions
	www.cigital.com /irc/open_source/sld003.htm (29 words)

	Re: [uug] Open Source vs. Closed Source software
		Re: [uug] Open Source vs. Closed Source software Michael Torrie
		Re: [uug] Open Source vs. Closed Source software Michael Moore
		Re: [uug] Open Source vs. Closed Source software Michael L Torrie
	www.mail-archive.com /uug-list@uug.byu.edu/msg15397.html (450 words)

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