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Topic: Closed system

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	Closed cooling water systems
		In engineering terms, the "closed system" is actually two interrelated systems: a completely sealed system for recirculation water and a chiller or heat exchanger used to cool or remove heat from it.
		Basically, heat is transferred to the closed loop by typical heat exchange equipment and is removed from the closed system by an exchange of heat from the closed loop to a secondary cooling water cycle.
		The system is made continuous by compressing vaporized refrigerant, sending it to the condenser to be reliquified and then storing it in a receiver until it is released through an expansion valve for repeated duty to the chiller.
	www.arvanitakis.com /en/food/closed_cooling_water_systems.htm (1870 words)

	Closed ecological system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Such systems are scientifically interesting and can potentially serve as a life support system during space flights, at space stations or in submarines.
		Perhaps confusingly, a closed ecological system is not a closed system in the usual sense, because energy (especially light and heat) is able to enter and leave the system, provided matter does not.
		While both chemotrophic and phototrophic organisms are plausible, almost all closed ecological systems to date are based on a phototroph such as green algae.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Closed_ecological_system (239 words)

	System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		System (from the Latin (systēma), and this from the Greek σύστημα (sustēma)) is an assemblage of elements comprising a whole with each element related to other elements.
		At arbritary boundaries, a collection of interrelated components (or, subsystems) may be declared a system and may further be abstracted to be declared a component of a larger system.
		In the human body, such systems are referred to as the nervous system, the circulatory system, the digestive system, the reproductive system, and the respiratory system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/System (1043 words)

	Closed system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In thermodynamics, a closed system, as contrasted with an isolated system, can exchange heat and work, but not matter, with its surroundings.
		Dynamical system: Has components and/or flows that change over time.
		Open system: Can be influenced by events outside of the actual or conceptual boundaries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Closed_system (108 words)

	Closed ecological system: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The life support system is a group of devices that allow a human being to survive in an environment hostile to human life, eg....
		Biosphere 2 is a manmade closed ecological system in oracle, arizona built by edward p....
		Bios-3 was a closed ecosystem at the institute of biophysics in krasnoyarsk, siberia, in what was then the soviet union....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cl/closed_ecological_system.htm (723 words)

	CLOSED SYSTEM
		Systems may be variously closed to matter/ENERGY, to information, and/or to organization.
		Systems closed to energy are autark, systems closed to information are independent, and systems closed to organization are autonomous (see autonomy).
		Biological organisms are largely closed to organization, the latter being specified by the dna at the point of inception.
	pespmc1.vub.ac.be /ASC/CLOSED_SYSTE.html (99 words)

	Systems - A Journey Along the Way
		A systems view is somewhat in contradiction to the concept of analysis, which is breaking things down into smaller pieces to simplify the study.
		Often the time of influence of the open system on the environment or the environment on the system may be of such lengthy duration or of such minimal nature as to limit its need to be considered.
		This is a system in which a positive influence from one element to another provides a negative influence in return to the first element.
	www.systems-thinking.org /systems/systems.htm (1606 words)

	Motion System Design - Introduction to closed-loop control (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Two conveyor systems are intended to move 200 lb of material from a lower pile into an elevated container.
		The weighing system verifies that the desired motion — moving 200 lb of material — is actually accomplished.
		In extreme cases, the system can become unstable; system response may be so slow that by the time it responds, the motor shaft may already be moving in a different way.
	www.motionsystemdesign.com /full_story.php?WID=11813 (2337 words)

	Society - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The social sciences generally use the term society to mean a group of people that form a semi-closed social system, in which most interactions are with other individuals belonging to the group.
		As a related note, there is still an ongoing debate in sociological and anthropological circles as to whether there exists an entity we could call society.
		Marx's concept of society as the sum total of social relations among members of a community contrasts with interpretations from the perspective of methodological individualism where society is simply the sum total of individuals in a territory.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/society (1344 words)

	System (closed)
		A traditional cybernetics term connoting a system which is hermetically isolated with respect to environmental influence (e.g., impervious to external "feedback"), and hence not responsive or adaptive to its medium over time.
		Notwithstanding, the concept of closed system is one of the most semantically dubious in systemics.
		Thus we should speak only about closed (or open) systems specifying the inputs or outputs they admit or not, as well of the precise moments these are admitted or rejected.
	www.imprint.co.uk /thesaurus/closed%20system.htm (717 words)

	Focus on systems
		The system boundary is the solid outer portion of the tree of course, the bark and epidermis of the leaves.
		The boundary of the earth system is the outer edge of the atmosphere.
		The closed Earth system is comprised of four open systems, the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/focus/focus_on_systems.html (340 words)

	Federated Press Presentation
		The polar opposite of the closed system is the random system.
		In a closed system people have to be there for a certain length of time, and have to pay their dues, work their way up.
		They wanted a system that had a tremendous amount of random for their creativity, a tremendous amount of open for negotiation, a tremendous amount of synchronous for alignment, and a tremendous amount of closed for organization.
	www.optionsforchange.com /FedPress.htm (9382 words)

	Closed System Labs - Preventing corrosion, scaling and fouling in HVAC closed loops for under $1 a day.
		Closed System Labs - Preventing corrosion, scaling and fouling in HVAC closed loops for under $1 a day.
		Water treatment is not inherently costly, but expensive, proprietary blends (which are often 85% water) have become the standard method of dispensing system protection.
		The solution is to remove chemical sales from the equation by implementing an engineered approach, one that applies established scientific knowledge to maintaining the correct system chemistries in the most efficient, effective and affordable way possible.
	www.closedsystemlabs.com (290 words)

	Closed and Open Circulatory System (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Closed circulatory systems have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness.
		In this type of system, blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities.
		Open circulatory systems (evolved in crustaceans, insects, mollusks and other invertebrates) pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells.
	www.gsu.edu /~bioasx/closeopen.html (102 words)

	Nikebiz : Responsibility : Environment : Air to Earth
		To introduce the concept of a closed system, and the understanding that the earth is a closed system: Practically nothing comes in, with the exception of energy in the form of heat and light from the sun, and nothing leaves except heat and reflected light.
		The earth and its systems are closed to matter: i.e., matter can change form (the system is open to energy), but resources are finite.
		Because the earth is a closed system, disposing of products at the end of their useful life can waste usable materials.
	www.nike.com /nikebiz/nikebiz.jhtml?page=27&cat=ate&subcat=closedsystem (257 words)

	Customized thermodynamic calculator Closed system daemons
		The total mass, energy and entropy of the system remain constant, that is, their time derivates are zero.
		Other than simple systems such as a light bulb, a gear box, a wall, etc. (see animations in VT, sections 2.E and 2.F), closed steady analysis can be useful in overall analysis of heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps.
		The changing color indicates that the system may not be uniform and the local states may change with location and time.
	www.usc.edu /mirror/testcenter/testhome/Test/solve/systems/closed/closed.html (347 words)

	058 Pa. Code § 71.3. Closed system propagation.
		Closed systems registered under this subsection shall, in addition to an initial inspection, be subject to inspection at any time to ensure compliance with the requirements of this section and the Commission may issue an order to suspend operations of any closed system when an inspection discloses that it is not in compliance.
		Systems registered under this subsection shall, in addition to an initial inspection, be subject to inspection at any time to ensure compliance with this section and the Commission may issue an order to suspend operations of any system when an inspection discloses that it is not in compliance.
		An operator of any system registered under subsection (a) or (b) shall notify both the Commission’s Director of the Bureau of Fisheries and the Department’s Aquaculture Coordinator immediately in the event of a discharge system failure that is likely to contain viable living organisms.
	www.pacode.com /secure/data/058/chapter71/s71.3.html (659 words)

	Counterpunch: The Bush Administration: A Closed Family System
		In a family system that is closed, the adults believe that power and control are of primary importance.
		S/he is isolated in a rigidly structured, closed system, helpless to change the system or remove him/herself from it.
		Helplessness: In an "authoritarian" (rigidly closed) family system, children may be required to be obedient and loving toward the adults, while the adults may ignore the needs of the children.
	www.refuseandresist.org /police_state/art.php?aid=1635 (1451 words)

	California Secretary of State - Elections & Voter Information Decline to State - Voter Information
		The provisions of the "closed" primary system were amended by the adoption of Proposition 198, an initiative statute approved by the voters at the March 26, 1996 primary election.
		Proposition 198 changed the closed primary system to what is known as a "blanket" or "open" primary, in which all registered voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of political affiliation and without a declaration of political faith or allegiance.
		SB 28 implemented a "modified" closed primary system that permits unaffiliated ("decline to state") voters to participate in a primary election if authorized by an individual party's rules and duly noticed by the Secretary of State.
	www.ss.ca.gov /elections/elections_decline.htm (690 words)

	Cardiovascular System / Introduction to the Cardiovascular System
		It consists of the heart, which is a muscular pumping device, and a closed system of vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries.
		As the name implies, blood contained in the circulatory system is pumped by the heart around a closed circle or circuit of vessels as it passes again and again through the various "circulations" of the body.
		The vital role of the cardiovascular system in maintaining homeostasis depends on the continuous and controlled movement of blood through the thousands of miles of capillaries that permeate every tissue and reach every cell in the body.
	training.seer.cancer.gov /module_anatomy/unit7_1_cardvasc_intro.html (267 words)

	Rosen - "Closed to Efficient Causation"
		So, attempts to purport to show that "closed to efficient causation" is false by use of gedanken experiments involving replacing organs, excising tissue, and other structural alterations which leave the organism alive, are misguided.
		"Closed to efficient causation" does not refer to, or imply, that an organism is closed with respect to its offspring or it's progenitors.
		In the formulation in Life Itself, Rosen asserts that "closed to efficient causation" was both a necessary and a sufficient condition to call a system a living organism, as can be seen in the quote shown in the origin section, above.
	www.panmere.com /rosen/closed_eff.htm (1634 words)

	Form.Closed Event
		This event occurs after the form has been closed by the user or by the Close method of the form.
		To prevent a form from closing, handle the Closing event and set the Cancel property of the CancelEventArgs passed to your event-handling method to true.
		In addition, the Closed events of all MDI child forms are raised before the Closed event of the MDI parent form is raised.
	msdn.microsoft.com /library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/cpref/html/frlrfSystemWindowsFormsFormClassClosedTopic.asp (649 words)

	AHP Perspective
		A closed system often becomes useless, that is obsolete, when the larger systems surrounding it change.
		In an open social system, the critical partners are aware of their interdependence and any statement of purpose is inclusive; it recognizes benefit to both parties.
		If a system is truly closed in the beginning—that is, it has no principal external partner, no other people that want or need what it provides, it quickly dies.
	www.ahpweb.org /pub/perspective/fearandanxiety.html (1948 words)

	Analyst Winter 2004 - Metals Removal
		One is that closed systems are sealed off from the atmosphere and circulate the same body of fluid all the time.
		The effects on a closed loop system used for any kind of heating or cooling are the same - corrosion, deterioration of components and loss of heat transfer efficiency.
		Makeup water enters the system as a result of air bleeding from the loop or because of water leaks, bringing with it a fresh supply of dissolved oxygen.
	www.awt.org /members/publications/analyst/2004/summer/tutor.htm (864 words)

	Edwards--The Closed World--Chapter 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The alternative to the closed world is not an open world but what Northrop Frye called the "green world."[23] The green world is an unbounded natural setting such as a forest, meadow, or glade.
		They were a key factor in the massive increases in the speed and scale of warfare through their implementations in systems designed for air defense, military command-and-control, data analysis, and satellite surveillance and, from the early 1960s, as components of self-guided and "smart" weapons such as guided missiles, cruise missiles, and advanced jet aircraft.
		Like Wittgenstein, Foucault explicitly differentiates the economy of discourse from "a system of representations."[76] He rejects semiotic or linguistic models because they seem to reduce knowledge to the possession of meaningful symbols, whereas knowledge is for him the result of continuous micro-political struggles.
	www.si.umich.edu /~pne/cw.ch1.htm (16114 words)

	Closed-Loop Control System - Tutorial - Development Library - National Instruments
		A closed-loop control system is one in which an input forcing function is determined in part by the system response.
		The measured response of a physical system is compared with a desired response.
		Typically the difference signal is processed by another physical system, which is called a compensator, a controller, or a filter for real-time control system applications.
	zone.ni.com /devzone/conceptd.nsf/webmain/A7C4596C5998C76F86256FFE001BF20E (591 words)

	Closed System (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A Closed System is one in which no matter flows are allowed into the system from the surroundings; however, heat may cross the system boundary.
		If we think of a beaker of water as the system and a hot plate as a source of heat then as heat flows from the hot plate (the surroundings) into the water (the system) the water molecules become more and more agitated, or "energetic" and ultimately the water boils.
		For example, a human is an open system, a cloud is an open system and the earth itself is an open system from the point of view of the solar system, and lakes, streams and ponds are open systems.
	www.chem.brown.edu /chem12/energy/energyDf.html (888 words)

	S&S Cycle - Press Releases - 03/11/2005 - S&S Announces New Dual Feedback Closed-Loop Fuel-Injection System
		The system will be available with either the traditional SandS teardrop air cleaner or the new dual-runner induction system.
		A select group of Original Equipment American V-Twin manufacturers will be using this system on specific 2006 models, taking advantage of the SandS closed-loop systems technology that allows a performance engine to meet stringent EPA guidelines and still deliver outstanding performance and excellent rideability.
		This dual closed-loop fuel injection system is a premium, state-of-the-art product that will both improve performance of the engine and reduce gaseous emissions as we prepare for inevitable regulatory changes in 2008," continued Smith.
	www.sscycle.com /modules/sspress/article.php?articleid=91 (745 words)

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