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Topic: Closeness (mathematics)

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	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Mathematical
		Mathematical concept based on the idea of closeness, used mainly in studying the behaviour of function s close to values at which they are undefined.
		Mathematical paradoxes: big, high-powered academic centre lands in west Cambridge suburb with scale and energy credentials.
		A mathematical model for the cathodic blistering of organic coatings on steel immersed in electrolytes.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Mathematical&StartAt=51 (1003 words)

	Closeness (mathematics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In topology and related areas in mathematics closeness is one of the basic concepts in a topological space.
		The concept can be defined naturally in a metric space where a notion of distance between elements of the space is defined, but it can be generalized to topological spaces where we have no concrete way to measure distances.
		To define a closeness relation between two sets the topological structure is too weak and we have to use a uniform structure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Closeness_(mathematics) (352 words)

	Neighbourhood (mathematics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In topology and related areas of mathematics, a neighbourhood (or neighborhood) is one of the basic concepts in a topological space.
		Intuitively speaking, a neighbourhood of a point is a set containing the point where you can "wiggle" or "move" the point a bit without leaving the set.
		This concept is closely related to the concepts of open set and interior.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neighbourhood_(topology) (477 words)

	[No title]
		However, a close inspection of the study reporting parents' differences in perceptions of their child's mathematical ability on the basis of their child's gender, reveals that significance in this sample of 900 children and their parents, was only at the.05 level, with a mean difference of.26 on a 7-point scale.
		Further, the influence of students' perceptions of mathematical talent and interest in mathematics on their intended mathematics participation in both the HSC and career plans were measured for boys and girls.
		Perception of mathematical talent: at T2, perception of talent was measured by the same four items as the preceding year, but as part of a different questionnaire again measuring a broad range of student perceptions and attributions.
	www.aare.edu.au /95pap/watth95332.txt (8050 words)

	Scientific and Medical Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In mathematics mainly the ability 3 corresponds to the axiomatic method and the representation of mathematics as a family of different mathematical structures defined by means of axioms.
		Poincare said that mathematical induction is a general principle for obtaining new results and since any logical rule does not include an ifinite number of arguments then the method of mathematical induction is not followed from any logical principles.
		In accordance with [8]: "mathematics is an array of forms, codifying ideas extracted from human activities and scientific problems and deployed in a network of formal rules, formal definitions, formal axiom systems, explicit theorems with their careful proof and the manifold interconnections of these forms.
	www.datadiwan.de /SciMedNet/library/articles/9804012103.htm (4044 words)

	Bates College: The College Catalog: Mathematics and Computer Science
		Mathematics today is a dynamic and ever-changing subject, and an important part of a liberal-arts education.
		Mathematical skills such as data analysis, problem solving, and abstract reasoning are increasingly vital to science, technology, and society itself.
		Both courses are recommended for math majors with an interest in applied mathematics and for students in other disciplines, such as psychology and economics, who wish to learn about some of the mathematical theory underlying the methodology used in their fields.
	abacus.bates.edu /catalog99-00/mathematics.html (3160 words)

	Topology Summary
		The mathematical definition of 'not tearing', again speaking loosely, is that points that are close to each other in the first space should still be close to each other when they are mapped to the second space.
		It is hard to imagine a space that does not come with a natural definition of closeness, but when a space is defined in an abstract way, instead of by a concrete picture, there is not always one definition of closeness that is more natural than others.
		However, Lacan's use of topology, like his use of algebra, does not meet the standards of rigour normally evinced by a mathematical discipline, and should be seen more as an analogy (the value of which is left to the reader to decide upon) than as a branch of applied mathematics.
	www.bookrags.com /Topology (6184 words)

	The Banff International Research Station
		Mathematical research is an ideal example of such fertile ground for far-reaching investment.
		The mathematical and statistical communities of the United States are at the forefront in engaging their counterparts abroad.
		Mathematics is both a powerful tool for insight and a common language for science.
	www.pims.math.ca /birs/past_menu/announce/RitaColwell.html (923 words)

	Overview of Mathematics [encyclopedia] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Mathematics (from Greek mathema: science, knowledge, learning; mathematikos: fond of learning) is the study of patterns of quantity, structure, change and space.
		Calculus is concerned with concepts such as the rate of change of one variable quantity with respect to another, the slope of a curve at a prescribed point, the computation of the maximum and minimum values of functions, and the calculation of the area bounded by curves.
		Logic is regarded as a branch both of philosophy and of mathematics.
	kosmoi.com /Science/Mathematics (930 words)

	International Conference on "The Unity of Mathematics" : Israel Gelfand's Talk at Royal East (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		There, I have mentioned the closeness between the style of mathematics and the style of classical music or poetry.
		An important side of mathematics is that it is an adequate language for different areas: physics, engineering, biology.
		For example, to use quantum mechanics in biology is not an adequate language, but to use mathematics in studying gene sequences is an adequate language.
	www-math.mit.edu /conferences/unityofmathematics/talks/gelfand-royal-talk.html (724 words)

	Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles
		It is predicated on the idea that studying mathematics can generate the same enthusiasm as playing a team sport, without necessarily being competitive.
		The mathematical circles of the former Soviet Union, and particularly of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg, where these problems were developed) are quite different from most math clubs in the United States.
		The development of mathematics education is an aspect of Russian culture from which we have much to learn.
	www.cut-the-knot.com /books/circles/forward.shtml (632 words)

	AAS Biographical Memoirs - Edwin James George Pitman 1897-1993
		The 1937 paper( 11), in which the property of closeness of an estimator is defined and discussed, has received little attention until recent years.
		In 1991, a symposium on 'Pitman's Measure of Closeness' was held at the University of Texas at San Antonio.
		Bruce Brown, Reader in Mathematics at the University of Tasmania, was a graduate student at Melbourne in 1966 and his thesis was examined by Pitman.
	www.asap.unimelb.edu.au /bsparcs/aasmemoirs/pitman.htm (4511 words)

	Bates College Catalog: Mathematics and Computer Science
		Students interested in applied mathematics in the physical and engineering sciences should consider Mathematics 218, 219, 308, 314, 315, 341, and the courses in computer science.
		Mathematics majors may pursue individual research either through 360 or s50 (Independent Study), or 457–458 (Senior Thesis).
		An introduction to the foundations of mathematical analysis, this course presents a rigorous treatment of fundamental concepts such as limits, continuity, differentiation, and integration.
	abacus.bates.edu /catalog01-02/MATH.html (2600 words)

	MEDLINE Database, 1987 to date Document Reader (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Several surprising associations are observed relative to (1) the aromatic residues tyrosine and tryptophan, but not phenylalanine; (2) multiple histidine residues; (3) asymmetries of arginine versus lysine, aspartate versus glutamate, alanine versus glycine, and asparagine versus glutamine; (4) absence of correlations of alpha-carbon distances with side-chain distances.
		In contrast, for the closeness ordering corresponding to the minimum side-chain dm-distance, glycine and alanine are among the least associated.
		However, in the d1-distance alanine is significantly close to all hydrophobic residues with the exception of tryptophan.
	www.bioinfo.rpi.edu /~zukerm/ref/KARS94.html (290 words)

	Kenyon College - Courses in Mathematics 2007-2008
		A great many mathematical topics are included in this description, including graph theory, combinatorial designs, partially ordered sets, networks, lattices and Boolean algebra, and combinatorial methods of counting, including combinations and permutations, partitions, generating functions, the principle of inclusion and exclusion, and the Stirling and Catalan numbers.
		Combinatorics mathematics has applications in a wide variety of non-mathematical areas, including computer science (both in algorithms and hardware design), chemistry, sociology, government, and urban planning, and this course may be especially appropriate for students interested in the mathematics related to one of these fields.
		For example, the fact that a closed interval (or square, or cube, or n-dimensional ball) is compact is required for basic theorems of calculus.
	www.kenyon.edu /x10605.xml (4057 words)

	The Math Forum - Math Library - Topology
		A multi-purpose center for electronic distribution of information related to topology, the mathematical study of surfaces, sometimes called "rubber sheet geometry" because topologists consider geometric figures as though they were drawn on infinitely stretchable rubber sheets.
		Thus it is a kind of generalized geometry (we are still interested in spheres and cubes, for example, but we might consider them to be "the same", yet distinct from a bicycle tire, which has a "hole") or a kind of generalized analysis...
		Mathematically based models and examples of creating accurate patterns for non-convex polyhedra when material thickness is a concern.
	mathforum.org /library/topics/topology (2425 words)

	Mathematics 319 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		While the title, lattice theory, may be unfamiliar to many students, the content of this course is something familiar to all mathematics majors--the notion of an ordered set.
		In analysis, the emphasis is on the study of convergence (of sequences, functions, etc.) and closeness.
		This course is essentially self-contained, and it is in an area of mathematics which, though a relative newcomer to the scene, has enjoyed considerable interest in the last few decades.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~bweaver/courses/courses956/ma319.htm (451 words)

	Guide to the Mathematics Subject Classification Scheme
		One way to divide the mathematics literature is to decide which books and articles are designed to reveal the structure of mathematics itself, and which are intended to apply mathematics to closely allied areas.
		Algebra is principally concerned with symmetry, patterns, discrete sets, and the rules for manipulating arithmetic operations; one might think of this as the outgrowth of arithmetic and algebra classes in primary and secondary school.
		The second broad part of the mathematics literature includes those areas which could be considered either independent disciplines or central parts of mathematics, as well as those areas which clearly use mathematics but are interested in non-mathematical ideas too.
	www.math.niu.edu /~rusin/known-math/index/beginners.html (5525 words)

	Mathematics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Mathematics is not just about numbers and arithmetic.
		While once considered the most fundamental activity to all science, mathematics is in fact simply another form of science, the science of patterns.
		Topology is the study of patterns of closeness and relative position.
	abyss.uoregon.edu /~js/glossary/mathematics.html (121 words)

	Read about Sport at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Sport and learn about Sport here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Zurkhaneh had a close connection to the warfare skills.
		Tai chi for example are sports that come close to artistic spectacles in themselves: to watch these activities comes close to the experience of spectating at a
		The fact that art is so close to sport in some situations is probably related to the nature of sport.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Sport (1729 words)

	99_win_myrow1
		By avoiding closeness with others, he is unable to feel “filled up” emotionally.
		His avoidance of closeness with others was addressed directly in the play sessions, both individually and, later, with his parents.
		His parents were included in the treatment plan from the beginning, and they were invited to see him in different ways, which revealed his inner struggles as well as his unsuccessful strategies to get closer with others.
	www.theraplay.org /articles/99_win_myrow1.htm (1349 words)

	THE CONSTRUCT THEORY OF RATIONAL NUMBERS: TOWARD A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The analysis is based on two theoretical frameworks: mathematics of quantity and formation and reformation of units of quantity.
		The diagrams provide a semantic analysis and the mathematics of quantity model a mathematical analysis; a very "close" step-by-step correspondence between the two representations suggests the mathematical accuracy embodied by the diagrams.
		In each step of the mathematics of quantity model below, the step number from the preceding pictorial model is given in parentheses to demonstrate the closeness between the two models.
	www.education.umn.edu /rationalnumberproject/90_2.html (1245 words)

	Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles
		The mathematical circles of the former Soviet Union, and particularly of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg, where these problems were developed) are quite different from most math clubs in the United States.
		Typically, they were run not by teachers, but by graduate students or faculty members at a university, who considered it part of their professional duty to show younger students the joys of mathematics.
		The development of mathematics education is an aspect of Russian culture from which we have much to learn.
	www.cut-the-knot.org /books/circles/forward.shtml (632 words)

	LINKS Learning for Teachers: Math
		"Mathematics is a symbolic language, one that allows us to deal with abstract ideas and concepts that are not possible in our alphabetic language.
		Mathematics is a way of looking at the world - the physical, biological, and sociological world we inhabit and the inner world of our minds and thoughts.
		The growth of mathematics in the twentieth century is astonishing.
	www.linkslearning.org /Teachers/1_Math/index.html (348 words)

	MA2151 Abstract Analysis
		Note here that the problem in determining a sensible meaning for `closeness' only occurs in the input space, or the domain of the function - the set of all cheeses in Sainsbury's.
		On the other hand, if the garage sets the gap between my spark plug electrodes with an error of 2mm, then I would be bleating in their ears that something is wrong with my car.
		Compactness, continuous image of compact space is compact, closed subset of compact space is compact.
	www.mcs.le.ac.uk /Modules/MA-02-03/MA2151.html (1567 words)

	Kenyon College / 2000-01 Course of Study
		For those students who want only an introduction to mathematics, or perhaps a course to satisfy a distribution requirement, selection from MATH 105, 106, 110, 111, and 118 is appropriate.
		Students wishing to keep open the option of a major in mathematics typically begin with the study of calculus in their first year and normally complete the calculus sequence, MATH 222 (Foundations of Analysis) and either MATH 118 or MATH 106 by the end of the sopho-more year.
		Discrete mathematics is concerned with modes of reasoning and mathematical techniques that are useful in investigating questions about large (but finite) sets or intricate relationships among the members of a large set.
	www1.kenyon.edu /academics/cos/2000-01/courses/129.phtml (4644 words)

	Closeness To Mother Can Delay First Instance Of Sexual Intercourse Among Younger Teens
		WASHINGTON, D.C., and MINNEAPOLIS--Teenagers are less likely to start having sex when their mothers are involved in their lives, have a close relationship with them, and stress the importance of education, according to new findings from the largest survey ever conducted with adolescents in the United States.
		Most importantly, teens, and especially younger teens, who feel close to their mothers are less likely to start having sex.
		The Add Health findings identified a number of factors that are associated with postponement of early sex: For younger teens and older teenage boys, a strong sense of connectedness with their mothers in which the teen feels close to mom and perceives that she is warm and caring makes a difference.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2002/09/020911073512.htm (1244 words)

	Mathematics - Exploration and Understanding
		Mathematics makes invisible patterns visible thru equations: Such as patterns of number (number theory), shape (geometry), motion (calculus), reasoning (logic), chance (probability theory) and closeness and position (topology).
		The mathematical formulation of the physist's often crude experience leads to an amazingly accurate description of a large class of phenomena (E. Wigner).
		The kind of numbers that are needed in theoretical mathematics of the calculus are however very different from the numbers produced by direct observations of the physical world.
	www.lund.irf.se /HeliosHome/mathpage.html (327 words)

	Mathematics anxiety and learning styles: What is the relationship in elementary preservice teachers? School Science and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Mathematics anxiety is prevalent among the preservice teacher population (Hembree, 1990).
		Moreover, mathematics instructors who teach primarily through lecture and rote memorization of algorithms often neglect to meet the learning styles of all students and, therefore, may unintentionally perpetuate mathematics anxiety (Hodges, 1983; Zaslavsky, 1994).
		The learning styles of elementary preservice teachers were paired with their levels of mathematics anxiety to determine if there was a correlation between mathematics anxiety and learning styles.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3667/is_200202/ai_n9080719 (937 words)

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