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Topic: Clostridium perfringens

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Clostridium

Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium tetani

Neisseria

Coccidioides immitis

Bacillus anthracis

Chlamydia trachomatis

Shigella

Streptococcus pyogenes

Lyme Disease

Bacillus

Foodborne illness

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Candida albicans

Bacterium

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	US FDA/CFSAN - Bad Bug Book - Clostridium perfringens
		Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, sporeforming rod (anaerobic means unable to grow in the presence of free oxygen).
		Perfringens poisoning is diagnosed by its symptoms and the typical delayed onset of illness.
		Clostridium perfringens is a common infectious cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States, especially outbreaks in which cooked beef is the implicated source.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap11.html (1012 words)

	Clostridium - MicrobeWiki
		Clostridium tetani is the etiological agent of tetanus, Clostridium botulinum is the etiological agent of botulism, and Clostridium perfringens is one of the etiological agent of gas gangrene.
		Clostridium difficile adhering to the microvilli of the gut.
		Clostridium perfringens is one of several species of clostridia known to cause gas gangrene and is the causative agent in 95% of gas gangrene cases.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Clostridium (1478 words)

	Pathogenic Clostridia
		Clostridium perfringens, which produces a huge array of invasins and exotoxins, causes wound and surgical infections that lead to gas gangrene, in addition to severe uterine infections.
		Clostridium perfringens is a common cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States, especially outbreaks in which cooked beef is the implicated source.
		C, perfringens is a ubiquitous, anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus and a frequent contaminant of meat and poultry.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /clostridia.html (3688 words)

	Clostridium Perfringens
		Clostridium perfringens is a bacterium and it produces an unpleasant toxin.
		Clostridium perfringens is one of the brothers of this evil family.
		Clostridium perfringens can be cultured from the feces of 80% of dogs whether they have diarrhea or not.
	www.marvistavet.com /html/clostridium_perfringens.html (632 words)

	HPA \| Clostridium perfringens
		Clostridium perfringens is widely distributed in the environment and foods, and forms part of the normal gut flora in man and animals.
		perfringens survive cooking and, during slow cooling and unrefrigerated storage, germinate to form vegetative cells.
		Clostridium perfringens is also a causative agent of gas gangrene.
	www.hpa.org.uk /infections/topics_az/clostridium_perfringens/menu.htm (75 words)

	Clostridium Perfrigens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Clostridium perfringens is a spore-forming bacteria commonly found in soil, feces and in the intestines of healthy people and animals.
		The toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens is the most common cause of food-borne illness outbreaks in the United States.
		Clostridium perfringens is not spread from one person to another.
	www.fortworthgov.org /Health/threats/fs/clostridium_perfrigens.asp (380 words)

	Clostridium Perfringens
		Although, Clostridium could not be isolated from the food samples, the samples may have been frozen prior to testing or may not have been from the implicated meals.
		Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is characterized by moderate to severe, crampy, mid-epigastric pain and watery diarrhea which usually occurs 8-24 hours after ingestion of contaminated food, often meat not thoroughly cooked.
		The absence of fever differentiates Clostridium perfringens foodborne disease from shigellosis and salmonellosis, and the low frequency of vomiting and longer incubation period are in contrast to the clinical features of staphylococcal and chemical foodborne disease.
	www.epi.hss.state.ak.us /bulletins/docs/b1985_09.htm (455 words)

	Clostridium perfringens
		Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming bacterium known to be the most widely distributed pathogen in nature.
		perfringens has been shown to be a cause of human diseases such as gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis), food poisoning, necrotizing enterocolitis of infants, and enteritis necroticans (pigbel).
		perfringens A. Perfringens food poisoning is the term used to describe the common foodborne illness caused by C.
	pathema.tigr.org /pathema/c_perfringens.shtml (406 words)

	Enterotoxin Gene–carrying Clostridium perfringens Type A \| CDC EID
		Clostridium perfringens is classified into 5 types (A–E) on the basis of its ability to produce >1 of the major lethal toxins α, β, ε, and ι (1).
		perfringens isolates are estimated to carry cpe (1), and the prevalence of different cpe genotypes in specific ecologic niches is not known.
		Multiplex PCR genotyping assay that distinguishes between isolates of Clostridium perfringens type A carrying a chromosomal enterotoxin gene (cpe) locus, a plasmid cpe locus with an IS1470-like sequence, or a plasmid cpe locus with an IS1151 sequence.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol12no11/06-0478.htm (3417 words)

	Clostridium perfringens Gastroenteritis Associated with Corned Beef Served at St. Patrick's Day Meals -- Ohio and ...
		Clostridium perfringens is a common infectious cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States, especially outbreaks in which cooked beef is the implicated source (1,2).
		Serotyping was performed on C. perfringens isolates recovered from the stool samples in Virginia and on an isolate from a food sample obtained in Ohio.
		Editorial Note: C. perfringens is a ubiquitous, anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus and a frequent contaminant of meat and poultry (3).
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00025191.htm (1182 words)

	Clostridium perfringens Food Poisoning
		perfringens is a common organism frequently found in excreta from humans and animals and in raw meats, poultry and other foods, including dehydrated products.
		Only two of these produce the enterotoxin which cause gastroenteritis: type A is the more common agent of food poisoning whereas type C is responsible for a more serious but rare condition known as enteritis necroticans.
		The other pattern resembles C. perfringens food poisoning with an incubation period of 9-18 hours and diarrhoea as the chief symptom.
	www.virology-online.com /Bacteria/FoodPoisoning4.htm (1133 words)

	Clostridium perfringens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clostridium perfringens (formerly known as Clostridium welchii) is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium of the genus Clostridium
		perfringens is ubiquitous in nature and can be found as a normal component of decaying vegetation, marine sediment, the intestinal tract of humans and other vertebrates, insects, and soil.
		perfringens food poisoning remain subclinical, as antibodies to the toxin are common amongst the population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clostridium_perfringens (448 words)

	ACVC 2001 - Diarrhea Caused by Giardia and Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxicosis
		ACVC 2001 - Diarrhea Caused by Giardia and Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxicosis
		Diarrhea Caused by Giardia and Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxicosis
		perfringens enterotoxicosis is one of several problems that an animal may have concurrently and diarrhea may be persistent.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00425.htm (2295 words)

	Preventing Foodborne Illness Associated with Clostridium perfringens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that has the capability of forming an endospore.
		perfringens is found dispersed in the environment in locations such as soil, sediment, and in the intestines of domestic and feral animals, and humans.
		perfringens foodborne illnesses is under-reported due to the mildness of symptoms, brief illness duration and lack of routine testing by public health officials.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /FS101 (1273 words)

	Clostridium definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Clostridium: A group of anaerobic bacteria (bacteria that thrive in the absence of oxygen).
		Clostridium difficile is one of the most common causes of infection of the large bowel (the colon) in the US affecting millions of people yearly.
		Clostridium perfringens, also known as Clostridium welchii), this is the most common agent of gas gangrene and also causes food poisoning as well as a fulminant form of bowel disease called necrotizing colitis.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6539 (301 words)

	Clostridium Perfringens - DrGreene.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Clostridium bacteria are found in soil, in stool, and in the intestines of healthy people and of animals.
		The hallmark of Clostridium food poisoning is sudden, watery diarrhea accompanied by abdominal pain that may range from mild to severe.
		Clostridium perfringens food poisoning is suspected by the history and physical exam.
	www.drgreene.com /21_1047.html (541 words)

	Clostridial Infections
		Clostridium bacteria from the intestines or the soil contaminate the wound and produce toxins that destroy skin and muscles nearby.
		Clostridium food poisoning is not contagious from person to person, but everyone who eats the same contaminated food is at risk for food poisoning.
		Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by Clostridium difficile, bacteria that usually live harmlessly in the intestines of about 50% to 70% of newborns, 20% to 50% of infants, and 3% of adults.
	www.kidshealth.org /parent/infections/bacterial_viral/clostridium.html (1355 words)

	Clostridium perfringens - Evanston Northwestern Healthcare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Interestingly, C. perfringens has been isolated from the blood of healthy females in the immediate postnatal period; the organism appeared to be a commensal in the blood since the patients remained well without antibiotic therapy.
		perfringens is ubiquitous in the environment, being found in soil and decaying vegetation.
		It is produced by C. perfringens type A. It is the major factor causing tissue damage in C. perfringens-induced gas gangrene (myonecrosis).
	www.enh.org /healthandwellness/bioterrorism/bi000900.aspx?lid=1093 (997 words)

	Clostridium
		Clostridium - Clostridia are anaerobic (meaning unable to grow in the presence of free oxygen), gram positive, spore-forming, bacteria.
		Clostridium botulinum - The organism that causes botulism is common in nature and is widely present in soils.
		Disease is generally caused by type-C strains of C. perfringens producing toxin in the small intestines of birds, resulting in rapped loss of condition and weight loss, lethargic behavior, decreased appetite, and blood stained or undigested food.
	www.avianbiotech.com /diseases/clostridium.htm (819 words)

	eMedicine - Clostridial Gas Gangrene : Article Excerpt by: Don R Revis, Jr, MD
		Clostridium perfringens, previously known as Clostridium welchii, is the most common cause of clostridial gas gangrene and is present in 80-90% of cases.
		C perfringens produces at least 17 identifiable exotoxins that are used for species typing (eg, type A, type B, type C).
		Kappa toxin, also produced by C perfringens, is a collagenase that facilitates the rapid spread of necrosis through tissue planes by destroying connective tissue.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/clostridial-gas-gangrene.htm (587 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN BAM - Clostridium perfringens
		Food poisoning caused by Clostridium perfringens may occur when foods such as meat or poultry are cooked and held without maintaining adequate heating or refrigeration before serving.
		perfringens colonies in egg yolk medium are fl with a 2-4 mm opaque white zone surrounding the colony as a result of lecithinase activity.
		perfringens is provisionally identified as a nonmotile, Gram-positive bacillus which produces fl colonies in TSC agar, reduces nitrates to nitrites, produces acid and gas from lactose, and liquefies gelatin within 48 h.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~ebam/bam-16.html (2276 words)

	Clostridium Perfringens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus that produces spores in the human gut.
		It is found as a part the normal flora of the intestinal tracts of both animals and humans, as well as being found on soil, clothing, and on the skin of the lower legs of humans.
		perfringens is a common cause of food poisoning, usually associated with contaminated meat dishes.
	www.innvista.com /HEALTH/microbes/bacteria/clperf.htm (785 words)

	Clostridium perfringens: Not the 24 hour flu, HYG-5568-98
		Clostridium perfringens is one of the bacteria that make people sick.
		Clostridium perfringens bacteria are found in soils, the intestines of humans and animals, and sewage.
		Clostridium perfringens is one of the most commonly reported foodborne illnesses.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/5000/5568.html (698 words)

	safefood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The illness is caused by toxin being produced in the stomach by large numbers of the microorganisms.
		perfringens is characterised by intense abdominal cramps and diarrhoea.
		perfringens food poisoning is temperature abuse of prepared foods.
	www.safefood.net.au /content.cfm?sid=471 (449 words)

	OPHEPR; Epsilon Toxin of Clostridium Perfringens - Profile for Healthcare Workers
		Causative Agent: Clostridium perfringens is a Gram positive, anaerobic, toxin producing spore-forming rod that is commonly found in normal intestinal bacteria.
		Infective Dose and Infectivity: C. perfringens is normal flora in the human intestinal tract.
		Secondary Contamination and Persistence of organism: Since C. perfringens is so ubiquitous in the environment yet only causes disease in specific settings, secondary contamination would not be expected to be a problem.
	www.azdhs.gov /phs/edc/edrp/es/profclostridiumperfringens.htm (577 words)

	OPHEPR; Clostridium perfringens - Frequently Asked Questions
		Clostridium perfringens are spore-forming bacteria that can be found in soil, feces, and the intestines of healthy people and animals.
		Clostridium perfringens are also often found in raw meat and poultry.
		Clostridium perfringens is initially diagnosed based on symptoms.
	www.azdhs.gov /phs/edc/edrp/es/clostridiumpf.htm (397 words)

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