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Topic: Clotting factors

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	MediZine Healthy Living (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Small blood clots form throughout the body, and eventually the blood clotting factors are used up and not available to form clots at sites of tissue injury.
		DIC may be stimulated by many factors including infection in the blood by bacteria or fungus, severe tissue injury as in burns and head injury, cancer, reactions to blood transfusions, and obstetrical complications such as retained placenta after delivery.
		Risk factors are recent sepsis, recent injury or trauma, recent surgery or anesthesia, complications of labor and delivery, leukemia or disseminated cancer, recent blood transfusion reaction, and severe liver disease.
	www.medizine.com /encyclopedia/Ency.aspx?qu=000573.htm (353 words)

	Clotting factor replacement for hemophilia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Clotting factors are replaced by injecting (infusing) a clotting factor replacement into the veins.
		Clotting factor is collected from donors or is produced in a lab (using recombinant DNA technology) and concentrated into a powder form that is then mixed with sterile water and injected.
		Factor VIII concentrates treat hemophilia A; factor IX concentrates treat hemophilia B. It requires relatively small amounts of factor concentrates to bring clotting factors in the blood to a normal level.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/topic/detail/other/hw190139/detail.htm (895 words)

	Coagulation -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Coagulation factors are generally indicated by (A symbol in the old Roman notation; I,V,X,L,C,D,M represent 1,5,10,50,100,500,1000 respectively in Arabic notation) Roman numerals, with a lowercase a appended to indicate an active form, ultimately resulting in cross-linked fibrin.
		The coagulation factors are (additional info and facts about serine protease) serine proteases ((Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions) enzymes) except FVIII and FV which are glycoproteins.
		The Tissue factor pathway is initiated by exposure of blood to "tissue factor" (a specific cellular lipoprotein), and can be measured by the (additional info and facts about prothrombin time) prothrombin time (PT) test.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/coagulation.htm (2372 words)

	Silver Scope- Hemophilia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It is a deviation from normal blood clotting procedure, in which platelets converge on the wound and form a rudimentary blocking of the wound.
		Victims of hemophilia A may receive factors that will help stop their bleeding, while victims of hemophilia B can be given treatments of clotting factor IX when they bleed.
		Clotting factors can also be taken from plasma, which is the liquid part of the blood, but this treatment is not as efficient because a large amount of plasma is required to make a little bit of the necessary clotting factors.
	www.mbhs.edu /~levindan/silverscope/SS.hemophilia (614 words)

	Genetic Factors Alter Clotting With Age
		Clotting function seems to vary by age, so that older people have almost twice the clotting ability as younger people.
		To identify possible genetic factors behind these age-related changes, the investigators raised several generations of mice that were genetically engineered to produce different combinations of human factor IX and associated factors.
		Factor IX is an enzyme crucial to the clotting mechanism.
	www.personalmd.com /news/a1999073009.shtml (271 words)

	General Clotting Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Tissue factor and factor VIIa (the 'a' denotes the active form of the factor) activate factor X, forming factor Xa.
		Factor Xa is then able to activate prothrombin (also referred to as factor II) to form thrombin (factor IIa).
		Factor V and factor VIII (shown in light green) accelerate the conversion of factor X to factor Xa by factor IXa (this is done by factor VIII) and accelerate the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin as done by factor Xa.
	www-admin.med.uiuc.edu /hematology/PtClotInfo.htm (672 words)

	Research Points to Better Blood Clotting Control
		But if clotting factors could be made to work better, they could be given less frequently and in smaller, less expensive doses.
		Working with factor 7, a clotting factor used to treat the most severe cases of hemophilia, Nelsestuen found that making two simple modifications in its structure could improve its function between 4- and 100-fold.
		Measuring clotting speed in several different plasma systems, Nelsestuen achieved his 4- to 100-fold speedup when he used a synthetic version of factor 7 in which two amino acids had been replaced by two other amino acids.
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/PrintPrint/FD451C3A79629689852565E5004AB1BB (971 words)

	Types of Transfusions: Blood Transfusion: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Clotting factors may be produced from plasma products or manufactured artificially using a special technological procedure; manufactured proteins are called recombinant factor concentrates.
		Individual concentrated blood clotting factors can be given to people who have an inherited bleeding disorder, such as hemophilia or von Willebrand's disease, and to those who are unable to produce enough clotting factors (usually because of severe infection or liver disease).
		Plasma is used for bleeding disorders in which the missing clotting factor is unknown or when the specific clotting factor is not available.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual_home2/sec14/ch171/ch171c.jsp (533 words)

	Blood Coagulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The formation of a red thrombus or a clot in response to an abnormal vessel wall in the absence of tissue injury is the result of the intrinsic pathway.
		activated by thrombin; factor Va is a cofactor in the activation of prothrombin by factor Xa Factor III (tissue factor)
		Factor XIII is the proenzyme form of plasma transglutaminase and is activated by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/blood-coagulation.html (3811 words)

	Hemophilia: Bleeding and Clotting Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Hemophilia B is a deficiency in clotting factor IX.
		Clotting factors may be concentrated or produced in purified form from plasma products, or they may be produced using special technological procedures as highly purified recombinant factor concentrates.
		If antibodies are detected in the blood of a person with hemophilia, the dosage of the recombinant factor or plasma concentrates may be increased, or different types of clotting factors or drugs to reduce the antibody levels may be needed.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/ag/print/sec14/ch173/ch173f.html (602 words)

	Anticoagulant Rodenticides
		Factors 10, 9, 7, 2 are the K factors.
		The carboxylation of the K factors is necessary if they are to bind calcium and if they can't bind calcium, they can't participate in blood clotting.
		This is because factor 7 is in the extrinsic pathway and has the shortest half life of all the K factors.
	www.vin.com /vin_ce/abvp/html/anticoagulant_rodenticides.html (505 words)

	The blood coagulation process - Nurse CE
		The common pathway involves the activation of factors: X, V, II, XIII and I. Both pathways are required for normal hemostasis and there are positive feedback loops between the two pathways that amplify reactions to produce enough fibrin to form a lifesaving plug.
		The coagulation factors are numbered in the order of their discovery.
		Factor VI was subsequently found to be part of another factor.
	www.rnceus.com /coag/coagpro.html (434 words)

	The Talk.Origins Archive Post of the Month: Feb. 1997
		The only complications are that Factor VII may act downstream to activate X, and thrombin acts to activate 3 earlier factors.
		Behe's approach of using the earlier nomenclature for the clotting factors is gratuitously forbidding to people unfamiliar with the subject.
		The 5 proteases are each composed of a single peptide chain which is almost exactly the same length in all, and the point at which the chain is cut in the activation process is in exactly the same relative position in all 5.
	www.talkorigins.org /origins/postmonth/feb97.html (1181 words)

	Blood Clotting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Factor 9 binds to Factor 8, a protein that circulates in the blood stabilized by another protein, von Willebrand Factor (vWF).
		The genes encoding factors 8 and 9 are on the X chromosome.
		These recombinant factors are made by inserting the DNA encoding the human protein into mammalian cells grown in culture [Discussion].
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Clotting.html (1391 words)

	Genesis Health System - Detailed Disease Info - Partial Thromboplastin Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Blood clotting (coagulation) depends on the action of substances in the blood called clotting factors.
		When a body tissue is injured and begins to bleed, it starts a sequence of clotting factor activities called the coagulation cascade, which leads to the formation of a blood clot.
		Many of the thirteen known clotting factors in human blood are shared by both pathways; several are found in only one.
	www.genesishealth.com /micromedex/detaileddisease/00060030.aspx (898 words)

	Prothrombin Time
		At least a dozen blood proteins, or blood clotting factors, are needed to clot blood and stop bleeding (coagulation).
		Prothrombin, or factor II, is one of several clotting factors produced by the liver.
		The warfarin (Coumadin) dosage for people being treated to prevent the formation of blood clots is usually adjusted so that the prothrombin time is about 1.5 to 2.5 times the normal value (or INR values 2 to 3).
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/hw203083.asp (1209 words)

	Additive that makes juices 'tart' quadruples yield of essential hemophilia treatment
		Hemophilia is the oldest known genetic bleeding disorder and is marked by excessive bleeding, inadequate blood clotting and, in severe cases, irreversible joint damage and life-threatening hemorrhages.
		Both are treated with transfusions of clotting factors, either from human blood or from using new recombinant DNA techniques.
		In addition to helping resolve shortages in clotting factor supplies, the researchers also are looking at ways to reduce contamination of transfused blood, including clotting factors.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-08/uoc--atm082602.php (720 words)

	Hemophilia
		The last step in the clotting process (also called coagulation) is the creation of a "net" that closes the torn blood vessel and stops the bleeding.
		People with hemophilia are deficient in one of those factors due to their disease genes, and as a result, their blood can't clot properly.
		The reasons for this variability may relate to other clotting factors or to differences in behaviors that present different risks of injury.
	kidshealth.org /parent/medical/heart/hemophilia.html (623 words)

	HGSA Medical Policy: I-4F - Hemophilia Clotting Factors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hemophilia, a blood disorder characterized by prolonged coagulation time, is caused by a deficiency of a factor in the plasma necessary for blood to clot.
		The amount of clotting factors determined to be necessary to have on hand and thus covered under this provision will be based on the historical utilization pattern or profile developed by the carrier
		Blood clotting factors dispensed by a hospital, skilled nursing facility or home health agency are reimbursed at Medicare Part A's discretion.
	www.hgsa.com /professionals/policy/i4f.html (873 words)

	Partial Thromboplastin Time
		At least a dozen blood proteins, or blood factors, are needed to clot blood and stop bleeding (coagulation).
		Conditions such as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome or lupus anticoagulant syndrome develop when the immune system produces antibodies that attack certain blood clotting factors, causing the blood to clot easily in veins and arteries.
		These syndromes are a complication of lupus in which the immune system produces antibodies that attack certain blood clotting factors, causing the blood to clot easily in veins and arteries.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/hw203152.asp (1040 words)

	Hemophilia
		These factor preparations may be obtained from a single donor, by pooling the donations of as many as thousands of donors, or by laboratory creation through highly advanced genetic techniques.
		In clotting, only a very few chemicals are released by the initial injury; they result in a cascade of chemical reactions which produces increasingly larger quantities of different chemicals, resulting in an appropriately-sized, strong fibrin clot.
		Coagulation factors are substances in the blood, such as proteins and minerals, that are necessary for clotting.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/hemophilia.jsp (2185 words)

	NHF \| Bleeding Disorders Information Center \| What is a Bleeding Disorder?
		Bleeding disorders is a general term for a wide range of medical problems that lead to poor blood clotting and continuous bleeding.
		The abnormalities may be in blood clotting factors or in platelets.
		In people with bleeding disorders, clotting factors are missing or don't work as they should.
	www.hemophilia.org /bdi/bdi_general.htm (623 words)

	blood platelet - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about blood platelet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Platelets are not true cells, but membrane-bound cell fragments without nuclei that bud off from large cells in the bone marrow.
		They play a vital role in blood clotting as they release blood clotting factors at the site of a cut.
		Over twelve clotting factors have been discovered and they produce a complex series of reactions which ultimately leads to fibrinogen, the inactive blood sealant always found in the plasma, being converted into fibrin.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /blood+platelet (177 words)

	How to Deal With Hemophilia
		When the platelets plug the hole, they release chemicals that attract more sticky platelets and also activate various clotting factors, which are proteins in the blood.
		A person can have one of two types of hemophilia, A or B. It depends on which clotting factor they are low on.
		Someone who produces 2% to 5% has a moderate case, and someone who produces 6% to 50% of the affected factor level is considered to have a mild case of hemophilia.
	www.kidshealth.org /kid/health_problems/blood/hemophilia.html (835 words)

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