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Topic: Cloud chamber

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	Air Pollution Control Systems - Stationary Diesel Emissions, Particulate, Submicron PM
		Cloud Chamber Scrubbers (CCS) for fine particulate –
		Cloud Chamber Scrubber (CCS): New Glass Projects and Approaches.
		The Cloud Chamber Scrubber (CCS) was the featured technology in two presentations given at the
	www.tri-mer.com (641 words)

	Cloud chamber - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cloud chamber, also known as the Wilson chamber, is used for detecting particles of ionizing radiation.
		In Wilson's original cloud chamber the air inside the sealed device was saturated with water vapor, then a diaphragm is used to expand the air inside the chamber (adiabatic expansion).
		This chamber differs from the expansion cloud chamber in that it is continuously sensitized to radiation and that the bottom must be cooled to a rather low temperature, generally as cold as or colder than dry ice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cloud_chamber (470 words)

	cloud chamber. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In the type devised by him, which is often called the Wilson cloud chamber, air or another gas is saturated with water vapor and enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a transparent window at the top and a piston or other pressure-regulating device at the bottom.
		The gas in the chamber, usually air, is saturated with a vapor, usually alcohol; the air-vapor mixture cools as it diffuses toward the cool bottom, becoming supersaturated.
		One disadvantage of the cloud chamber is the relatively low density of the gas, which limits the number of interactions between ionizing radiation and molecules of the gas.
	www.bartleby.com /65/cl/cloudcha.html (368 words)

	Cloud condensation nuclei - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cloud condensation nuclei or CCNs (also known as cloud seeds) are small particles (typically 0.0002 mm, or 1/100 th the size of a cloud droplet [1]) about which cloud droplets coalesce.
		A typical raindrop is about 2 mm in diameter, a typical cloud droplet is on the order of 0.02 mm, and a typical cloud condensation nucleus (aerosol) is on the order of 0.0001 mm or 0.1 micrometer or greater in diameter.
		The particles may be composed of dust or clay, soot or fl carbon from grassland or forest fires, sea salt from ocean wave spray, soot from factory smokestacks or internal combustion engines, sulfate from volcanic activity, phytoplankton or the oxidation of sulfur dioxide and secondary organic matter formed by the oxidation of VOCs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei (629 words)

	cloud chamber - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about cloud chamber
		The cloud chamber devised by C T R Wilson was the first instrument to detect the tracks of atomic particles.
		It consisted originally of a cylindrical glass chamber fitted with a hollow piston, which was connected, via a valve, to a large evacuated flask.
		The cloud chamber was devised in 1897 by Charles Thomson Rees Wilson (1869–1959) at Cambridge University.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /cloud+chamber (259 words)

	Cloud Chamber Systems
		The chamber is a closed cylindrical double shell with an inner shell of 0.64 cm aluminum, 1.37 min diameter and 1.52 m high.
		Cloud droplets were generated continuously by the atomization of distilled water with an ultrasonic humidifier (Monaghan 670).
		The technique employed was to evaporate a cloud sample and measure its dewpoint temperature; the difference between the saturation mixing ratio corresponding to the dewpoint temperature and that corresponding to the cloud temperature was taken as the liquid water content.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~pdemott/simlab2.htm (3620 words)

	The Cloud Chamber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The Wilson cloud chamber led to the discovery of recoil electrons from x-ray and gamma ray collisions, the Compton-scattered electrons, and was used to discover the first intermediate mass particle, the muon.
		The cloud chamber provided a device for studying the collisions between free particles and the decay of particles in flight.
		The cloud chamber found use in particle physics until the invention of the bubble chamber in 1952 by D. Glaser.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/particles/cloud.html (233 words)

	Cloud Chamber of Carl Anderson (ca. 1935)
		It served as the prototype for a larger (3 foot diameter) chamber that was carried in a B-29 aircraft from 1948 to 1950 to study cosmic rays at high altitudes.
		It was a fond recollection of the sunlight shining on tiny water droplets in the clouds swirling around the summit of Scotland’s Ben Nevis that spurred the attempts in 1895 of Charles Wilson, a young graduate student in J.J. Thompson’s Cambridge laboratory, to investigate cloud formation.
		While Wilson’s first “use” of the cloud chamber was to measure the charge of the ions that served as the condensation nuclei, its biggest impact would be that it permitted a visualization of the tracks of charged particles traveling through the gas.
	www.orau.org /ptp/collection/Miscellaneous/cloudchamber.htm (709 words)

	Cloud chamber: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		A bubble chamber is a vessel filled with a superheated transparency (optics)transparent liquid used to detect electrically charged particles moving through it....
		In Wilson's original cloud chamber the air inside the sealed device was saturated with water vapor, EHandler: no quick summary.
		This chamber differs from the expansion cloud chamber in that it is continuously sensitized to radiation and that the bottom must be cooled to a rather low temperature, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/cl/cloud_chamber.htm (1134 words)

	Wilson Cloud Chamber
		A cloud chamber is a device that is used to show the tracks of radioactive particles.
		As particles pass through the chamber they leave ionization trails and because the alcohol vapor is in a supersaturated it condenses onto these trails.
		Cloud chambers would have shown the same background radiation levels 100 years ago as they would today.
	www.physics.brown.edu /physics/demopages/Demo/modern/demo/7d3050.htm (1632 words)

	AllRefer.com - cloud chamber (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		cloud chamber, device used to detect elementary particles and other ionizing radiation.
		A cloud chamber consists essentially of a closed container filled with a supersaturated vapor, e.g., water in air.
		Cloud chambers of this design are sometimes called the pulsed type, since they do not maintain a continuous state of supersaturation of the vapor.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/cloudcha.html (417 words)

	Expansion type cloud chamber
		Basically a cloud chamber is a sealed transparent chamber containing a supersaturated atmosphere of air and water or alcohol vapor which, when conditions are just right, make it possible to see and photograph and thus study the vapor trail of an atomic particle.
		Wilson was awarded the Nobel prize for the invention of the cloud chamber itself in 1911 and some of the discoveries he later made with it.
		With the dust and scattered ions removed from the chamber interior, the only nuclei left for the supersaturated air to condense upon will be the ions created by the alpha particles and any stray atomic particles that may penetrate the chamber walls.
	bizarrelabs.com /cloud2.htm (2388 words)

	Cloud Chamber Experiment
		The cloud chamber works because a cloud is formed inside.
		The cloud in the chamber is not a water cloud, but an alcohol cloud.
		Place the source in the chamber, close the lid tightly and place the chamber on dry ice.
	www.nuc.berkeley.edu /news/Sci_teachers_workshop/cloud.htm (370 words)

	Cloud Chamber: Playing on the moment's edge
		Known as Cloud Chamber, the group is comprised of guitarist Barry Cleveland, bassist Michael Manring, bowhammer cymbalom (a Hungarian hammer dulcimer) player Michael Masley, cellist Dan Reiter and percussionist Joe Venegoni.
		Cloud Chamber straddles many genres, styles and moods in its free-spirited and sometimes epic-length explorations.
		Cloud Chamber's members all possess an accomplished and varied track record.
	www.innerviews.org /inner/cloud.html (2129 words)

	[No title]
		The metal lid of the chamber nests in a hole in the lid of the cooler, which rests, upside down, on its base.
		A temperature difference is maintained by having only the bottom of the chamber on dry ice, so that the alcohol evaporates in the warm, top end of the chamber and condenses on air molecules ionized by radiation in lower cold half of the chamber.
		The first was equal in height to the height of the chamber, and the length matched the circumference of the lid, minus the space for the light.
	scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu /physics/Cloudchmbr.htm (1611 words)

	[No title]
		Position a cloud chamber on a piece of fl paper and trace around the bottom of the dish.
		Always handle the chamber cover by the edges to avoid smudging the chamber cover which would scatter light and reduce your visibility of the tracks in the cloud chamber.
		When the cloud chamber appears to be working properly, adjust the height of the flash light to give the most visible tracks.
	polymer.bu.edu /projects2/07_pb_pc/DEMONSTRATIONS/TheCloudChamber(final).doc (922 words)

	Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Vapor cloud is visible at the bottom of the chamber.
		The white on the bottom of the exterior sides is frost on the elastic draft screen used to extend the life of the dry ice under the chamber.
		The chamber may be ready in as little as 15 minutes but allow 30.
	pirt.asu.edu /detail_10.asp?ID=1857 (612 words)

	Scientific American: A Canteen Cloud Chamber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Wilson thus was able to fashion the first "cloud chamber" to reveal the trajectories of these ionizing particles.
		Lift this assembly through the hole in the window screening and into the cloud chamber using a drinking straw and stick the head of the nail to the magnet at the top of the glass.
		Prospective builders should also consider the so-called diffusion cloud chambers (described in the Amateur Scientist columns of September 1952 and June 1959), which require little more than dry ice and alcohol--isopropyl alcohol that is, not champagne.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=0005C4AD-1E94-1C71-84A9809EC588EF21 (1555 words)

	Bizarre cloud chamber
		A cloud chamber is a device that makes visible the paths of particles emitted as a result of radioactive decay.
		With slight changes in design, you can construct a cloud chamber sensitive enough to detect cosmic rays, which are tiny energy particles from explosions occurring in outer space.
		Prepare the jar the same as the cloud chamber above, saturating the blotter in the bottom of the jar with alcohol, screwing on the lid, and letting it sit for 15 minutes.
	www.bizarrelabs.com /cloud.htm (1271 words)

	Lateral Science - The Cloud Chamber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The movable piston is suddenly lowered by opening the valve c and so connecting the vacuum chamber d with the part of the apparatus beneath the piston.
		Using a temperature inversion within a chamber, a layer of supersaturation is formed by diffusion.
		A diagram of such a chamber, with photos of unusual tracks due to the fission fragments from californium 252, can be found here.
	www.lateralscience.co.uk /cloud (449 words)

	United Nuclear - Cloud Chamber
		This can easily be seen in the cloud chamber by the presence of fine alcohol "fog" drifting down to the condenser.
		As the alcohol is in a supersaturated state, the vapor readily condenses onto these trails producing large cloud tracks that follow the path of the particles.
		These cloud trails are readily visible, similar to the familiar contrails produced by high altitude aircraft on cold days.
	www.unitednuclear.com /cloud.htm (725 words)

	Cloud Chamber for the Trees and Sky
		When the door is closed and the aperture is open, light projects an image of the sky and forest onto the walls and floor of the room.
		In the 17th century, a device known as the camera obscura (or dark chamber) was developed as a tool to help artists draw the world around them.
		He builds cairns, shelters and cloud chambers out of natural materials, such as stone, wood and plants.
	www.ncartmuseum.org /artnc/object.php?themeid=1&objectid=8 (790 words)

	The Diffusion Cloud Chamber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The cloud chamber was invented in 1896 by Charles T.R. Wilson at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, England.
		A disc of thin fl cardboard (included with the cloud chamber) was placed on the copper sheet.
		The chamber was placed upside down on the cardboard disc (on top of the copper plate).
	www.dangerouslaboratories.org /rcloud.html (264 words)

	The Cloud Chamber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		A unique device for detection and measurement is the Cloud Chamber, invented by the British physicist Charles Wilson in 1911.
		The cloud chamber consists of a plastic or glass container, which sits on dry ice.
		In the chamber, the alcohol evaporates from the cloth and condenses as it reaches the cold region created by the dry ice at the floor of the container.
	www.ndt-ed.org /EducationResources/HighSchool/Radiography/cloudchamber_popup.htm (266 words)

	Cloud Chamber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Wilson utilized pressure to cool water vapor inside a sealed chamber, and as charged particles pass through the contraption, the water vapor is attracted to the particles
		However, as these events are random and the various angles of impact, from atmospheric entry to entering the cloud chamber may not be perfect, a constant stream should not be expected.
		Such damage will come from the radiation of the dust, and the same alpha and beta particles whose paths were detected in the chamber are able to penetrate interior cells, and damaging DNA inside the cells, causing mutations.
	www.warren-wilson.edu /~physics/PhysPhotOfWeek/20050429AlfaParticle (915 words)

	BIGS, physics: Cloud chamber
		In the cloud chamber, the ionizing effect of radiation is used to make the path of charged particles (such as alpha particles) visible so that it can be photographed.
		As the piston is moved, adiabatic expansion of the air in the chamber results in supersaturation with water vapour.
		The ions created by alpha particles act as nuclei for condensation, forming cloud trails which indicate the path of the alpha particle.
	www.bigs.de /en/shop/htm/nebelk01.html (122 words)

	TEL-Atomic - Diffusion Cloud Chamber
		Our diffusion cloud chambers are continuously sensitive, and provide an enthralling view of the subatomic world.
		The chamber creates a volume of supersaturated alcohol vapor that condenses on ions left in the wake of charged particles.
		The electrode is designed to be inserted, via the cloud chamber ports, into the sensitive region of the chamber.
	www.telatomic.com /cloudchamber.html (509 words)

	cloud chamber on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		CLOUD CHAMBER [cloud chamber] device used to detect elementary particles and other ionizing radiation.
		Chamber endorsements split along rail line; St. Cloud PAC backs Northstar supporter Penny.(NEWS)
		Scrubber offers particle removal, clearer skies: 'Cloud Chamber' retrofit system may be the answer to meeting tightening emissions limits.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c1/cloudcha.asp (486 words)

	CLOUD CHAMBER BASED ON DIFFUSION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		A cloud chamber based on diffusion works on the principle of a cold base (to make the air cooler) and a warm upper section, in order to create a stable environment.
		Our work shows that a diffusion cloud chamber can be built which not only makes a- and b- rays visible, but is also cheaper, bigger and easier to use than the ones which can be bought.
		Therefore in the future small schools should be able to afford a cloud chamber which would be an advantage in physics and in chemistry lessons and it should make further experiments possible.
	appserv01.uni-duisburg.de /hands-on/files/autoren/sorger/sorger.htm (1584 words)

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