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	Agglutination (biology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The clumping of cells such as bacteria or red blood cells, in the presence of an antibody.
		Because the clumping reaction occurs quickly and is easy to produce, agglutination is an important technique in diagnosis.
		Widal found that blood serum from a typhoid carrier caused a culture of typhoid bacteria to clump, whereas serum from a typhoid-free person did not.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Agglutination_(biology) (509 words)

	Outreach: ABO/Rh Blood Typing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		This clumping occurs due to the reaction that is caused through the interaction of the proteins in the red blood cells and the antibodies present in the blood plasma.
		This clumping together of red blood cells in response to the antibodies is called agglutination.
		Clumping will occur in both sera with type AB blood and in neither sera with type O blood.
	www.csvrgs.k12.va.us /Outreach/Activities/aborh (705 words)

	SAND CLUMPING - ANOTHER VIEW by Sam Gamble July 1997 Aquarium.Net
		In the April article sand clumping was discussed from the chemical and physical properties.
		This condition would fit the observations; sand-bed systems tend to have unstable chemistry in the early stages, and reported clumping seems to be early in the sand bed setup.
		If any correlation to inhibition of clumping and the inoculation of a well functioning biofilm is valid, then the matrix and microbial conditioning of the substrate is a plausible influence.
	www.reefs.org /library/aquarium_net/0797/0797_4.html (1243 words)

	More on Anthrax.
		The clumping allows the toxin to be concentrated in one place, so it can damage tissue more effectively.
		The clumping characteristics of microbes demonstrate the importance of physical characteristics in distribution.
		Therefore, if they are in a liquid, they will clump; and when sprayed, they will come out as clumps, if they come out at all without plugging the apparatus.
	nov55.com /mra.html (1301 words)

	07.07.2004 - How worms' noses sense oxygen
		Bordering and clumping is a peculiar behavior in which worms cluster around the border of the Petri dish instead of spreading evenly around the surface.
		Marletta and his colleagues, members of the California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research (QB3), determined that the bacteria the worms feed on are at a higher density around the border of the dish, consuming oxygen along with the worms.
		By manipulating oxygen levels in Petri dishes filled with worms feeding on a lawn of bacteria, the researchers were able to show that bordering and clumping was actually a response to high oxygen levels.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2004/07/07_worms.shtml (1349 words)

	IUP - Department of Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Each gall contains a female (the stem mother) and up to 50-70 of her offspring, all daughters.
		Galls are not distributed randomly, but instead tend to be clumped on certain leaves and trees.
		I am interested in the behavioral mechanisms that cause this clumping and how this affects the reproductive success of both the aphids and the plants.
	www.iup.edu /~rgendron/camin.htmlx (177 words)

	BioEd Online Slides: population distribution, population, ecosystem: Biology Lesson Plan
		The arrangement, or dispersion, of individuals in relation to one another within a given area is one key characteristic of population study, as it reflects interactions among the population and the environment.
		Three patterns of population dispersion are clumped, evenly spaced, and random.
		Clumping also may be linked with defense (safety in numbers) or mating behavior.
	www.bioedonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?tk=8&dpg=3 (229 words)

	C-Fern - A Plant For Teaching and Research
		A study of the trait, using transmission electron microscopy, was not successful in discerning the structural basis of the phenotype.
		The phenotype is associated with a clumping of chloroplasts and other organelles around the nucleus.
		Different degrees or ‘strengths’ of the clumping phenotype are positively associated with increased spore wall weakness *NOTE: Because of the decreased spore viability associated with spores produced by cp/cp homozygotes, presterilized and bulk spores are supplied in larger quantities than other stocks.
	cfern.bio.utk.edu /resource/CBSSportPolka.html (253 words)

	Genetics & Biotech Information Network
		This means the disease increases in severity over time, that it destroys normal brain tissue, that the damage cannot be repaired, and that the results include the loss of memory, understanding, and judgment.
		The disease is caused by the clumping and knotting of brain cells.
		Due to the tangling and clumping of the nerve cells in the brain, information cannot be effectively processed.
	www.geneinfo.net /index.php?option=articles&task=viewarticle&artid=17&Itemid=3 (633 words)

	02c Pun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Before the advent of molecular biology, very little was known concerning the nature and mode of action of the gene.
		The first experiment that paved the way for understanding the chemical [146] nature of the gene was the discovery of transformation in the bacteria Diplococcus pneumoniae by F. Griffith in 1928 (1).
		The answers opened up the new discipline of molecular biology that presently is advancing rapidly and is influencing every area of modern biological thinking.
	www.ibri.org /Books/Pun_Evolution/Chapter2/2.6.htm (3028 words)

	Progress In Prion Research: Three-Dimensional Structure Of Prion Protein Fully Uncovered
		A team of researchers from the Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich are the first to successfully decode the three-dimensional structure of an intact prion protein.
		The disease-inducing prions appear to contain clumps of several prion protein molecules, which damage the brain of affected humans or animals.
		Legend: A team of researchers from the Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich are the first to successfully decode the three-dimensional structure of an intact prion protein.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1997-08/SNSF-PIPR-130897.php (706 words)

	IBT - Faculty, Bio
		There he rose to hold professorial positions in biochemistry, microbiology, and cell biology, and was an associate professor of ophthamology.
		In 1992 Dr. Hook joined IBT as director of its Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology and a professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas AandM University.
		He is an adjunct professor in the Departments of Cell Biology at Baylor College of Medicine and also in the Departments of Integrative Biology and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
	www.ibt.tamhsc.edu /faculty/faculty_bios/bio_hook.htm (461 words)

	Neutral Models in Landscape Ecology; Annotated Biobliography
		The authors presents a simulation designed to study the effects of spatial clumping of patches on a metapopulation linked by dispersal.
		He concludes that the use of the fractal dimension as a metric to assess movement patterns is weak due to their relatively poor self-similarity and bias to the small scales on which most animals move.
		She stresses that development of a generalized, spatially explicit framework is vital to the development of individual (species) based modeling.
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~jweisham/pcb5937/null_refs.htm (768 words)

	Desmin Cytoskeleton Linked to Muscle Mitochondrial Distribution and Respiratory Function -- Milner et al. 150 (6): 1283 ...
		Large clumps of subsarcolemmal staining appear in a majority of the fibers (arrowhead), and the interior of fibers frequently show reduced SDH staining (arrows) (C and D, higher magnification view of A and B accordingly).
		When young (1 mo) mouse muscle is stained for SDH, some slight enhancement of clumping is seen in desmin-null sections (F, arrowheads), and the staining of the interior of the fibers is slightly reduced compared with wild-type (E) fibers.
		clumping of mitochondria, and swelling of the mitochondrial
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/150/6/1283 (6839 words)

	Animated Blood Types
		Serious problems may arise when the antibodies of the recipient clump the blood cells of the donor.
		[The reverse scenario is not as serious because the antibodies of the donor are diluted by the recipient's blood volume.] Clumping of the donor's blood is indicated by the word "Clump" in the red squares.
		No clumping of the donor's blood is indicated by the word "None" in the green squares.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /aniblood.htm (2241 words)

	Developmental Biology Glossary
		This Biology 176 Glossary was begun in Fall 1995 by the Biology 212 class at Lafayette College; it continues to be developed at USD.
		Please note that the definitions are often given to explain a word found in a particular context found in our text (Gilbert, Developmental Biology) and so may be somewhat narrowly or simply defined.
		Dideoxynucleotides are used in molecular biology for Sanger-type DNA sequencing, and in medicine as anti-retroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV infection (e.g., ddI, ddC, and AZT).
	home.sandiego.edu /~cloer/bio176f02/176gloss.html (6049 words)

	The Hyphal-Specific Gene ALS7 is a Member of a Candida albicans Gene Family Encoding Agglutinin-like Cell-surface ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK Candida albicans can undergo a reversible morphological transition from a budding yeast to a hyphal form which contributes to the virulence of this pathogenic fungus [1].
		Since C. albicans is diploid and asexual, one approach towards the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms which control morphogenesis has been the identification of genes which are regulated in response to this transition.
		Interestingly, ALS7 over-expression in S. cerevisiae induces cell clumping, and constitutive over-expression of ALS7 in C. albicans generates slightly elongated yeast cells, suggesting that Als7p might influence cell shape and adhesion.
	www.yeastgenome.org /community/meetings/yeast98/abshtml/490.html (289 words)

	Pathology Media
		Deterioration of powdered medium may be recognized by: 1) granulation, clumping, or particulate matter throughout the powder; 2) pH change; 3) inability to promote growth when properly used.
		Czapek Dox Broth is a defined liquid medium, designed for the cultivation of fungi and bacteria capable of utilizing inorganic nitrogen and is especially useful for the cultivation of various soil bacteria and fungi and many saprophytic aspergilli.
		Malt Extract Broth and Agar are used for the isolation and detection of yeasts and molds.
	www.sigmaaldrich.com /Area_of_Interest/Life_Science/Plant_Biotechnology/Tissue_Culture_Protocols/Pathology_Media.html (1222 words)

	Sickle Cell Anemia Gene
		A genetic variant associated with this amino acid is the most common cause of sickle cell anemia.
		This substitution creates a hydrophobic spot on the outside of the protein structure that sticks to the hydrophobic region of an adjacent hemoglobin molecule's beta chain.
		This clumping together (polymerization) of Hb S molecules into rigid fibers causes the "sickling" of red blood cells.
	www.ornl.gov /sci/techresources/Human_Genome/posters/chromosome/hbb.shtml (1049 words)

	BIOLOGY 103 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		While cultural needs to "clump" things does affect the way we clump nature, I think that nature is clumped because of natural processes such as evolution.
		We can argue left and right over the social need to clump things--whether or not it is valid or PC, whether or not it is right to put humans on a "higher" scale than animals, etc......
		There is no denying that a dog is more like, or "clumps with" the bear more than it clumps with the flower.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /biology/b103/f00/week4.html (5759 words)

	20th Fungal Genetics Conference, Cell Biology Posters
		Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule-associated, minus-end directed, mechanochemical enzyme, and the dynactin complex has been proposed to regulate the interaction of cytoplasmic dynein with membranous cargo.
		Gent University and VIB, Molecular Biology, Gent, Flanders, Belgium.
		To make the fungus amenable to the methods of molecular biology, we started by developing a transformation system based on the resistance of transformed cells to the antibiotic hygromycinB.
	www.fgsc.net /asilo99/posterabs3.htm (18157 words)

	Reassessing the Role of Staphylococcus aureus Clumping Factor and Fibronectin-Binding Protein by Expression in ...
		Contribution of clumping factor B to pathogenesis of experimental endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus.
		The dipeptide repeat region of the fibrinogen-binding protein (clumping factor) is required for functional expression of the fibrinogen-binding domain on the Staphylococcus aureus cell surface.
		Role of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase and clumping factor in pathogenesis of experimental endocarditis.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/10/6296 (4495 words)

	The Universe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It clumps into stars and interstellar gas clouds, which in turn group into galaxies.
		It is also linked to the search for dark matter, because astronomers are finding some galaxies that appear to have formed less than two billion years after the big bang.
		Cosmologists believe that the early universe must already have had some structure or texture or that dark matter was already shaping the form of visible matter with its unseen hand, or both.
	www.kosmoi.com /Science/Astronomy/Cosmology/Universe (1196 words)

	Lab 9 :: Vertebrate Anatomy II - Digestive System, Respiration and Circulation
		Mixing different blood types is extremely dangerous, since it can lead to clumping, or agglutination.
		As a result of this, if blood of different types were mixed, the antibodies would cause clumping of the red blood cells, which could cause death.
		The rule of thumb is that if the donor’s antigens are already present in the recipient’s blood, no clumping will occur.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/lstark/bio197lab/lab9.htm (1771 words)

	The Fibronectin-binding MSCRAMM FnbpA of Staphylococcus aureus Is a Bifunctional Protein That Also Binds to Fibrinogen ...
		as the clumping factors A and B (ClfA and ClfB) (6, 7).
		After 5 min of vigorous shaking, the clumping titer was taken to be the lowest concentration of Fg at which cell clumping was still visible.
		clumping titer was restored to wild-type levels (Table II).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/275/18/13863 (6499 words)

	Biology In the News - Glencoe Online
		This clumping results in a disruption of the function of the brain cell nucleus.
		The proteins in the brain cells of people afflicted with these diseases have been found to contain an abnormal number of repeated glutamines.
		These 30 to 40 repeated glutamines are responsible for the clumping of the proteins that form aggregates in the nucleus of brain cells.
	www.glencoe.com /sec/science/biology/bio2000/chapter/archives.php?iRef=65&book= (395 words)

	Scientists develop new color-coded test for protein folding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The new technique, which works on the same principle as ordinary pH tests that measure the acidity of water, is described in the March 2005 issue of the journal Chemistry and Biology.
		As a result, gold nanoparticles coated with cytochrome c began clumping together--a process that caused the solution to quickly change from red to blue as the acidity increased.
		The researchers were surprised to discover that, when the pH was raised from 4 to 10, the blue solution turned reddish once again--a strong indication that some cytochrome c molecules had refolded into their original three-dimensional shape.
	www.biologynews.net /archives/2005/03/27/scientists_develop_new_colorcoded_test_for_protein_folding.html (796 words)

	Texas Bamboo
		Clumping bamboos only spread sideways above and below ground level at the rate of inches per year or less, and do not require barriers to prevent them from popping up somewhere else, as running bamboos may do.
		Notations used here are in the same style as those used for the clumping bamboos.
		Place the container on an impermeable surface, or if placed on the ground, check the drainage holes annually to see if any rhizomes are escaping and need to be removed from the surrounding ground.
	www.austincc.edu /muzos/TexasBamboo.htm (897 words)

	Abstracts (1993)
		The following abstracts relate to articles published in 1993 by the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, K.U.Leuven, Belgium.
		Twenty murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) generated against different human platelet antigens induced clumping of human platelets in plasma and buffer.
		Whereas one MoAb could agglutinate platelets, clumping for 19 MoAbs was blocked by metabolic inhibitors, indicating that these induce platelet activation.
	pharm.kuleuven.be /biotech/abstract3.htm (1992 words)

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