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	What We Leave Behind From Kosovo to Lebanon, Cluster Bomb Casualties Continue to Mount by Frida Berrigan
		Cluster bombs are not singled out for prohibition under international law, despite the fact that they cannot distinguish between civilian and combatant and their effects stretch beyond the duration of hostilities--two crucial litmus tests for munitions under the Geneva Conventions that govern conduct during conflicts.
		With the spotlight on Israel's use of cluster bombs in Lebanon and the failure of international law to stop the carnage there, the call for a ban on cluster bombs similar to the prohibition on landmines is growing louder.
		Cluster bombing is different from strafing a village, massacring a family or executing a suspected militant.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Landmines_html/WhatWeLeaveBehind_ClusterB.html (2890 words)

	Cluster bomb - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Single bombs are less useful for this purpose because they cover a smaller area (known as a "footprint" in military parlance), and their effectiveness is dependent on the accuracy of the bomb's drop.
		Modern cluster bombs and submunition dispensers are often multiple-purpose weapons, containing mixtures of anti-armor, anti-personnel, and anti-materiel munitions.
		The use of cluster bombs is hotly opposed by many individuals and groups, such as the Red Cross, the Cluster Munition Coalition and the United Nations, because of the high proportion of civilians that have fallen victim to the weapon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cluster_bomb (1933 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Cluster bomb (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cluster bombs are not covered by legislation banning landmines since they are not "designed" to be detonated by people on the ground.
		The CBU (cluster bomb unit) 26, which was widely used in Laos, is an anti-personnel fragmentation bomb that consists of a large bombshell holding 670 tennis ball-sized bomblets, each of which contain 300 metal fragments.
		And, in spite of the fact that cluster bombs are one of the favorite and most deadly weapons in the U.S. and NATO arsenals, on December 13, 2001 the European Parliament passed a resolution calling for an immediate global moratorium on their use to be followed by an outright ban.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Cluster-bomb (3831 words)

	Cluster Bomb (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Commonly known as a cluster bomb, the cluster bomblet unit (or CBU) is a single air-dropped bomb which ejects about 200 small bomblets.
		Cluster bombs are part of a family of weapons called 'submunitions' (i.e.
		Cluster bomb technology was first used by Germany against the United Kingdom in the Second World War, and developed independently by America and Russia, and is now widely available.
	www.therfcc.org /cluster-bomb-67574.html (672 words)

	CALL FOR A MORATORIUM ON CLUSTER BOMB USE
		Cluster bombs are small explosive submunitions or bomblets that are delivered to their targets in larger canisters or shells.
		Cluster bombs have anti-personnel fragmentation features which can send hundreds of shards of steel at ballistic speeds over a wide area, or shaped charges which can penetrate heavy armor.
		Cluster bombs are not specifically banned or restricted under current international law, even though their indiscriminate effects have been well-documented over the past 35 years.
	www.peace.ca /moratoriumonclusterbomb.htm (1092 words)

	ipedia.com: Cluster bomb Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Commonly known as a cluster bomb, the cluster bomblet unit is a single air-dropped bomb which ejects about 200 small bomblets.
		CBUs were developed in order to improve the efficiency of aircraft bombing raids, as aircraft carrying CBU can make an effect on a far larger footprint than an aircraft carrying an equivalent tonnage of conventional bombs.
		The current trend in cluster bomb design is smart submunitions, such as those used in the CBU97 used by the US Air Force and US Navy, first used in combat against Serbia in 1997 and used again against Iraq in 2003.
	www.ipedia.com /cluster_bomb_1.html (754 words)

	Cluster bomb in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The use of these weapons is hotly opposed by many individuals and groups, such as the Red Cross, the NGO Cluster Munition Coalition and the United Nations, because of the high proportion of civilians that have fallen victim to the weapon.
		However, cluster bombs are not banned by any international treaty and are considered legitimate and effective weapons by many NATO governments.
		The issue of unexploded cluster bomblets should not be confused with cluster bombs containing landmines, such as the CBU-89 Gator.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/cluster_bomb (1403 words)

	Red Cross Urges Cluster Bomb Halt (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A new study by the International Committee of the Red Cross found that, compared with land mines, those injured or killed by cluster bombs were 4.9 times as likely to be children under the age of 14.
		The ICRC found that cluster bombs killed 50 people and injured 101 in Kosovo during the first year after the bombing ended in June 1999, the report said.
		Although cluster bombs were used in the Gulf War and the Indochina war in Laos, Kosovo provided the Red Cross with its first chance to study their long-term impact, Herby said.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines/090500-02.htm (495 words)

	ITVS: Bombies - Cluster Bombs
		Cluster bombs are small explosive bomblets carried in a large cannister that opens in mid-air, scattering them over a wide area.
		The CBU (cluster bomb unit) 26, which was widely used in Laos, is an anti-personnel fragmentation bomb that consists of a large bombshell holding 670 tennis ball-sized bomblets, each of which contain 300 metal fragments.
		And, in spite of the fact that cluster bombs are one of the favorite and most deadly weapons in the U.S. and NATO arsenals, on December 13, 2001 the European Parliament passed a resolution calling for an immediate global moratorium on their use to be followed by an outright ban.
	www.itvs.org /bombies/bombs.html (792 words)

	Cluster bomb
		Cluster bombs are not specifically covered by any international legal instrument, although the general rules of international humanitarian law aimed at protecting civilians apply as they do to the use of all other weapons.
		Bombs of this type were used to start firestorms in cases such as the bombing of Dresden in World War II and the firebombing of Tokyo.
		One of the worst incidents involving civilian deaths and the use of cluster bombs was the 1999 NATO Cluster bombing of Niš.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Cluster_bomb.htm (3809 words)

	Cluster bomb (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Cluster bombs are of a family of weapons called 'submunitions' a munition contained within another munition).
		CBUs were developed in order to improve efficiency of aircraft bombing raids as aircraft CBU can make an effect on a larger footprint than an aircraft carrying an tonnage of conventional bombs.
		The current trend in cluster bomb design is smart submunitions such as used in the CBU97 used by the Air Force and US Navy first used combat against Serbia in 1997 and used against Iraq in 2003.
	www.freeglossary.com /Cluster_bomb (1008 words)

	Comox Valley Peace Coalition - Pentagon challenged over cluster bomb deaths
		Cluster bombs - which scatter "bomblets" the size of a Coke can over a wide area - are a constant danger to civilians because the unexploded munitions can create de facto minefields.
		The US military's chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, General Richard Myers, said on April 25 that of almost 1,500 cluster bombs that were dropped from the air, only 26 came within 1,500 feet of a civilian area.
		In a statement yesterday on cluster bombs, the MoD said: "Cluster bombs are a legitimate weapon which fulfil a legitimate military role that cannot be performed by other munitions.
	members.shaw.ca /cvpeace/challenged.html (844 words)

	MCC - Cluster Bomb Use in the Yugoslavia/Kosovo War (Site not responding. Last check: )
		NATO warplanes are dropping new generations of cluster bombs on Kosovo at increasing rates, as the bombing campaign moves from "smart bombs" to more widespread use of "area munitions" in an attempt to "degrade" Serbian forces.
		The bombing campaign is, of course, being conducted in the context of systematic genocide by Serbian forces against the ethnic Albanian population of Kosovo.
		Serb press reported that cluster bombs were used early in the morning of April 20 in the vicinity of Belacevac, a mining town west of Pristina.
	www.mcc.org /clusterbomb/CBinYugo (5780 words)

	Backgrounder: Cluster Bombs in Afghanistan (Human Rights Watch October 2001)
		Cluster bombs are usually used in very large numbers and have a high initial failure rate which results in numerous explosive "duds" that pose the same post-conflict problem as antipersonnel landmines.
		Air-delivered cluster bombs are composed of a large dispenser with attached fins (called the tactical munitions dispenser, or TMD, in the newest systems); fuzes and electronic devices to control, spin, and direct the weapon during fall; and submunitions or bomblets.
		Human Rights Watch believes there were nine to fourteen cluster bomb attacks resulting in civilian casualties during the conflict, causing an estimated ninety to150 civilian deaths, or 18 to 30 percent of all civilian deaths, even though cluster bombs represented just 6 percent of weapons expended in the air war.
	www.hrw.org /backgrounder/arms/cluster-bck1031.htm (4131 words)

	www.clusterbombs.us
		Cluster munitions (sometimes called cluster bombs) are highly imprecise and indiscriminate weapons that work by dispersing hundreds of smaller submunitions, often referred to as bomblets or grenades, over a wide area.
		Cluster bombs pose a grave danger to civilians in situations of conflict because the weapons are designed to scatter explosives over wide swaths of land often hundreds of yards wide.
		Cluster munitions thus endanger civilians long after a conflict is over because the high number of unexploded bomblets become de facto landmines that can indiscriminately kill and injure for years.
	www.clusterbombs.us (233 words)

	Pictures # 5 : the use of cluster bombs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The use of cluster bombs is only allowed when it is used against military targets.
		These bombs split in a multitude of little bombs who are dispersed on a large area.
		This boy is 13 and he received injuries from a clusters bomb in his back and hands.
	www.informationclearinghouse.info /article3462.htm (172 words)

	Human Rights Watch - Cluster Bombs: Memorandum For Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) Delegates (December 1999)
		In addition to the post-conflict casualties, Human Rights Watch believes there were nine to fourteen cluster bomb attacks resulting in civilian casualties during the conflict, causing an estimated 90-150 civilian deaths, or 15-26% of all civilian deaths, even though the 1,600 cluster bombs dropped represented just 6% of weapons expended in the air war.
		On the technical side, HRW believes cluster bombs should not be used until it can be demonstrated that the failure rate of cluster bombs can be reduced to a tolerable level from a humanitarian perspective.
		For the purposes of this memorandum, HRW is using "cluster bomb" as a short-hand, catch-all term for air- and surface-delivered dispensers containing unguided explosive submunitions.
	hrw.org /about/projects/arms/memo-cluster.htm (1079 words)

	Definition of Cluster Bomb
		A cluster bomb is an air-dropped bomb that ejects multiple small submunitions (bomblets).
		Cluster bomb technology was first used by Germany against the United Kingdom in the Second World War, and developed independently by America and Russia.
		The use of these weapons is hotly opposed by many individuals and groups, such as the Red Cross and the United Nations, because about 10% of the bomblets do not explode on impact.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Cluster_Bomb (765 words)

	ISA Portal - The deadly cluster bomb
		Cluster bombs, which can be fired from the ground or dropped from planes, explode in mid-air and scatter hundreds of smaller bomblets over a wide area.
		A previous conference to ban cluster bombs held in February in New Zealand failed to produce the pact; however, 82 countries signed the so-called Wellington Declaration, acknowledging that cluster bombs should be banned and pledging to continue talks towards that end.
		Since the treaty could prohibit its ratifying signatories from engaging in joint operations in which cluster bombs were used by military partners, the US is concerned that it might weaken the coalition in Iraq and Afghanistan, especially since its primary ally, the UK, is supporting the ban.
	www.isaintel.com /site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=152&Itemid=1 (918 words)

	AM - Dozens of cluster bomb injuries in Iraq
		Washington claims that just one civilian was killed by cluster bombs during the Iraq conflict, but a visit by AM to a southern Baghdad neighbourhood tells a different story.
		An air-dropped cluster bomb is designed to spread hundreds of little bomblets, most of which explode when they hit the ground.
		RICHARD MYERS: Initial review of all cluster munitions used and the targets they were used on, indicate that only 26 of those hit targets within 1,500 feet of civilian neighbourhoods, and there's been only one recorded case of collateral damage from cluster munitions noted so far.
	www.abc.net.au /am/content/2003/s841391.htm (619 words)

	MCC \| Cluster Bomb Use in the Yugoslavia/Kosovo War
		NATO warplanes are dropping new generations of cluster bombs on Kosovo at increasing rates, as the bombing campaign moves from "smart bombs" to more widespread use of "area munitions" in an attempt to "degrade" Serbian forces.
		The bombing campaign is, of course, being conducted in the context of systematic genocide by Serbian forces against the ethnic Albanian population of Kosovo.
		Serb press reported that cluster bombs were used early in the morning of April 20 in the vicinity of Belacevac, a mining town west of Pristina.
	mcc.org /clusterbombs/resources/research/war (5677 words)

	ipedia.com: Cluster bomb Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Different types of cluster bomb containers, ranging from the small Rockeye II (490 pounds fully loaded) to the CBU52A/B (770 pounds fully loaded) to the CBU87 (950 pounds fully loaded) exist and can be loaded with different types of bomblet or grenade for the anticipated target.
		In the United States military action against Afghanistan in 2002, military forces faced an embarrassing problem in that humanitarian rations dropped from airplanes initially had the same yellow colored packaging as unexploded cluster bombs.
		They are by all accounts highly lethal and efficient, and may reduce the danger to civilians of unexploded cluster munitions.
	www.ipedia.com /ipedia/c/cl/cluster_bomb_1.html (754 words)

	Food or Cluster Bomb?
		According to a report published Friday, in the News International of Pakistan, U.S. cluster bombs killed eight people in a Herat village called Shaker Qala last week.
		Cluster bombs are dropped in a casing which is supposed to split open in mid-air, scattering up to 200 bomblets the size of soft drink cans over an area as big as a U.S. football field.
		The BBC (Sunday, October 28) reported that the yellow casing on the cluster bombs that U.S. forces are dropping on Afghanistan "means that from a distance they are hard to distinguish from the emergency food parcels wrapped in yellow plastic that U.S. planes have been dropping over the last few weeks."
	www.commondreams.org /views01/1030-11.htm (720 words)

	Cluster bombs and teddy bears - Telegraph
		The purpose of cluster bombs is to indiscriminately mine large areas to restrict the enemy's land movement.
		Cluster bombs are highly effective weapons on the right targets but, like all munitions, a certain percentage fail to operate as expected (including those with self-destruct mechanisms).
		If all of the cluster bombs are supposed to go off when dropped, and don't, then the suppliers of these weapons should be taken to court and made to pay for the faulty product by means of pay outs to the innocent victims.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /opinion/main.jhtml?xml=/opinion/2007/11/05/do0502.xml (3871 words)

	The Observer \| Special reports \| Revealed: the cluster bombs that litter Iraq
		The shocking extent of unexploded cluster bombs dropped by American and British planes, which litter Iraq eight weeks after the conflict, is revealed in detail for the first time today.
		The first map based on military intelligence to show the exact location of unexploded anti-personnel mines, cluster bombs and anti-tank mines, obtained by The Observer, shows the vast area of the country which is at danger from live munitions.
		Although it is impossible to judge precisely the number of unexploded bombs, landmine experts say that up to 10,000 separate cluster bombs and bomblets could be lying in cities, farmland and on the main road arteries across the country.
	www.observer.co.uk /iraq/story/0,12239,968181,00.html (752 words)

	MCC - Cluster Bombs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		MCC learned first-hand about land mines, cluster bombs and other types of unexploded ordnance as a result of its work in Vietnam during the war.
		It was in Laos, however, that MCC initiated field work to address the problem of unexploded cluster bombs which had been dropped there during the U.S. air war.
		In cooperation with the Lao Government and the Mines Advisory Group, MCC began the Bomb Removal Project in 1994 with funding from hundreds of Mennonite and Brethren-in-Christ churches throughout the U.S. and Canada.
	www.mcc.org /clusterbomb (508 words)

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