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Topic: Clustering illusion

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	Illusion of control - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Illusion of control is the tendency for human beings to believe they can control or at least influence outcomes that they demonstrably have no influence over.
		Illusions of control may cause insensitivity to feedback, impede learning and predispose toward greater objective risk taking (since subjective risk will be reduced by illusion of control).
		In a study of the illusion of control in a population of traders working in investment banks, Fenton-O'Creevy et al (2003, 2004) found that traders who were prone to high illusion of control had significantly worse performance on analysis, risk management and contribution to desk profits.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Illusion_of_control (934 words)

	Clustering illusion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Computer programs that compress data, i.e., data compression algorithms, are designed to, in a sense, "look for patterns" in data, and to create alternative representations from which it is possible to reconstruct the original data from a compressed form.
		Large datasets which contain "clusters" of a non-random nature can in general be expected to compress well, given the right encoding algorithm.
		The clustering illusion was central to a widely reported study by Thomas Gilovich, Robert Vallone and Amos Tversky.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clustering_illusion (419 words)

	clustering illusion
		The clustering illusion is the intuition that random events which occur in clusters are not really random events.
		Clusters of cancers that are seven thousand times higher than expected, such as the incidence of mesothelioma in Karian, Turkey, are very rare and unexpected.
		A classic study was done on the clustering illusion regarding the belief in the "hot hand" in basketball (Gilovich, Vallone, and Tversky).
	skepdic.com /clustering.html (692 words)

	Linux clustering cornucopia
		But that is actually a cluster of computers with the equivalent processing power of a real supercomputer, and it usually runs over $100,000 for a decent cluster configuration.
		Although the clustering system itself is independent of what software or hardware is in use, hardware connections play a pivotal role when it comes to running the system efficiently.
		LVS supports cluster nodes that are directly attached to the same LAN as the load-balancing server, but it can also connect to remote servers by way of tunneling IP packets.
	www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/linux/library/l-lw-clustering.html (4775 words)

	SQL Server Reference Guide > High Availability - SQL Server Clustering
		Clustering is one of the high-availability methods you can use to ensure the safety and continuous operation of your systems.
		These types of clusters most often don't share any of their subsystems such as the processors or hard drives, and are used for memory, I/O or processor-intensive applications.
		In all of the versions that support clustering, the SQL Server installation program detects that you are installing on a cluster and the only differences are the location of the database files and the names of the nodes you are installing on.
	www.informit.com /guides/content.asp?g=sqlserver&seqNum=38&rl=1 (1545 words)

	JMS Clustering
		Clustering makes it easier to write applications that have better scalability and are less sensitive to partial system failures.
		Partial cluster failures are not transparent to consumer applications since message acknowledgement must occur on the same server that delivered the message to the consumer.
		Cluster members can be added and removed dynamically as long as destination or security information is not modified at the same time.
	www.novell.com /documentation/extend5/Docs/help/MP/jms/admin/clustering.html (1156 words)

	SRT
		My cluster manager is all written in Perl, and I had to tweak some of the calls for forking when switching from RH 7.3's Perl 5.6 to RH ES's Perl 5.8.
		MOSIX is the part of the cluster which does the process-load sharing, as well as being an integral part of maintaining contact with the other machine(s) in the cluster and keeping track of which is up and which is down.
		In a cluster with a shared partition, however, the block device is the network block device, /dev/nb0, which is mapped to "lower" block device.
	www.solidrocktechnologies.com /?cmd=lgarticle (12812 words)

	Network Computing \| Feature \| OSes & Network Services \| Unraveling the Mysteries Of Clustering \| Page 1 \| October 2, ...
		Whatever the term clustering conjures up for you, there are tried-and-true business reasons for making sense of these technologies.
		Clustering for scalability breaks down a unit of work to be done into smaller pieces and spreads those pieces among the computers in the cluster.
		Even when all the pieces of the cluster are functioning, failover is not immediate when a system goes down.
	www.networkcomputing.com /1119/1119f2.html (994 words)

	BCS - Cluster Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Clustering allows you to take a number of PC's and give your users and applications the illusion of one single computer with a number of CPU's.
		For a workstation to join the cluster and take full advantage of the cluster resources it will need to be already be running Linux.
		If you are going to use the cluster nodes or one of our Linux PC systems please let us know and we will make sure they have the required software loaded onto them.
	www.bcsnzl.co.nz /pc-pricing/cluster_pc.html (269 words)

	Windows 2000: CLUSTERS options for everyone (PART 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A cluster is a group of whole, standard computers that work together as a unified computing resource and that can create the illusion of being one machine, a single system image.
		To illustrate the definition of a cluster, let’s say you have users doing file and print on Server A and another group of users accessing an Oracle database on Server B. Servers A and B are nodes in an active/active cluster.
		These APIs let developers make their server application “cluster aware.” Such awareness could mean easier installation in a clustering environment, better failover capabilities, and the ability to scale an application beyond one node.
	members.fortunecity.com /digispy/C4/P6/C4P6A1496.htm (1419 words)

	The SIG: Applications
		Clustering objects with similar attribute values in data mining applications.
		Clustering is a technique of data mining, where the data values are grouped together based on similarities in one or more of their attribute values.
		Clustering helps to organize and "group-together" objects that has similarity between each other according to some measurement.
	www.cs.mcgill.ca /~jsatta/pr507/apps.html (333 words)

	jBroker MQ
		Clustering is a new feature in jBroker MQ 2.0, which enables multiple jBroker MQ servers to cooperate in getting messages from producer applications to consumer applications.
		The jBroker MQ cluster consists of a set of loosely coupled jBroker MQ servers that share state and cooperate in processing messages.
		A main advantage of the jBroker MQ cluster is that it is not based on a shared database.
	www.novell.com /documentation/extendas/sshelp/jbrokerMQ/docs/admin/clustering.html (1090 words)

	Clustering technology
		Clusters have the advantage that they can grow much larger than the largest single node, they can tolerate node failures and continue to offer service, and they can be built from inexpensive components.
		The definition of a cluster in the context of win2k: A cluster is a group of independent computers that work together to run a common set of applications and provide the image of a single system to the client and the application.
		Novell's traditional definition of clustering: "A cluster is three or more computer systems which are joined by an interconnect and function as a single system." It can include other server operating environments such as Unix and Windows NT, and provides true multi-node clustering by supporting up to eight nodes in a cluster.
	www.meteck.org /OS_clustering_techno.htm (5766 words)

	Why cluster?
		Clustering isn't as much about the front-end of an application as the back-end.
		Failover clustering is fairly easy to set up, and provides high safety for your environment.
		The cluster itself is known by another name, say Cluster1.
	searchsecurity.techtarget.com /tip/1,289483,sid1_gci1007096,00.html (1052 words)

	RACE - The Power of an Illusion \| What Difference Makes a Difference?
		Indeed, the Rosenberg team found they could cluster the individuals in their sample into several different statistically significant groups, only one of which corresponded to five continents.
		They also found that no matter which clustering scheme they used, individuals could be placed in more than one group.
		The reason for all this within-group variation is because unlike most other species, modern humans, Homo sapien sapiens, are young, only about 150,000 years or so old, and we've always moved.
	www.newsreel.org /guides/race/whatdiff.htm (1706 words)

	Physics 3333 / CFB 3333 Lecture 38
		This is an interesting effect in which humans see apparent patterns, or clusters, in purely random data.
		Try this clustering demo to see for yourself.
		Thisis the practice of extending a function beyond the range of data it is known to cover.
	www.physics.smu.edu /~jcotton/ph3333/class38.htm (1977 words)

	Past Forward Exercise: Clustering to Uncover Unconscious Present Life Issues
		What happens in clustering is that your left brain (the logical, analytical part) is temporarily out of control.
		Once the above clustering was completed, I took a moment to review the cluster in its' entirety.
		The clustering said it was time to "let go" of the "illusion" of security at "3D" work.
	www.healpastlives.com /future/exercise/exhsclus.htm (1052 words)

	BackOffice and Windows NT: A Collection of Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Solution: Most clustering solutions today assume that the cluster nodes are within two miles of each other.
		If the servers are part of an active/active cluster group, you can manually fail over a single application without taking down an entire node.
		However, Digital Equipment’s Wolfpack clustering add-on pack and NCR’s LifeKeeper let you run two copies of SQL Server in the same cluster, allowing each server to be the fallback for the other and thus increasing availability.
	www.windowsitlibrary.com /Content/172/02/3.html (2956 words)

	ConspiracyCity.com - Disinformation And The Clustering Illusion. Articles & News. Crop Circles, Aliens, UFOs And ...
		The Clustering Illusion can be defined as “the natural human tendency to ‘see patterns where actually none exist.’” (2) Now I’m not accusing anyone of anything, but lets just calm down and take a look at what really happened.
		A strict “Clustering Illusion” is limited to mathematics, but it is also a good word for looking for something that isn’t there but is so important to the viewer’s emotional state that it magically appears.
		One of the problems about real conspiracies is that unless one is willing to deal with a serous amount of backtalk from the “coincidence theory” people then a real conspiracy (no matter what its origin) can go nannounced for a very long time.
	www.conspiracycity.com /articles/article8.html (978 words)

	The truth is out there, but not in last year's return - smh.com.au
		Well, it certainly doesn't look random but, in truth, it is: the number of adjacent shots with the same outcome (XX or OO) in the sequence is equal to the number of adjacent shots with different outcomes (XO or OX).
		If you fell for that one you're a victim of a common disease statisticians call the "clustering illusion" - the intuition that random events such as coin tosses should alternate between heads and tails more than they do.
		Of course, our susceptibility to "clustering illusion" is far from the only reason we "know what isn't so".
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2002/03/28/1017206136166.html (1151 words)

	Electrical & Computer Engineering - Prof. Geva, Amir B.
		Gath, I. and Geva, A.B., "Fuzzy Clustering for the Estimation of the Parameters of the Components of Mixtures of Normal Distributions," Pattern Recognition Letters, no. 9, pp.
		Peled, A., Pressman, A., Geva, A.B., Modai, I., “Somatosensory evoked potentials during a rubber-hand illusion in schizophrenia”, accepted to Schizophrenia Research, 2003.
		Geva, A.B., “Unsupervised Hierarchical Fuzzy Clustering Methods in Forecasting Medical Events from Biomedical Signals,” IEEE Proceedings of The 1997 International Conference on System Man, and Cybernetics, Orlando, Florida, USA, 1997.
	www.ee.bgu.ac.il /~geva (1621 words)

	illusion - Jag Magician (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The clustering illusion is the intuition that random
		The moon illusion is one of the most famous of all
		This "moon illusion" is a genuinely mind-baffling illusion since the horizon and
	www.jagmagician.com /illusion (520 words)

	Science & Environment: ELKFORD B.C. - cancer cluster over toxic landfill
		This story is EVIDENCE that toxins are the main cause of cancers, which is a truth the Canadian Cancer Society and our own government are so very slow to accept and warn Canadians about.
		The existence of such a cluster doesn't prove anything by itself, suggestive though it certainly is. Random events do cluster in statistically predictable ways that look non-random, and people always respond to information about such clusters in the same way.
		I don't have any Canadian references, but thousands of studies of cancer clusters in the U.S. have failed to produce any convincing link between cancer clusters and environmental factors, according to an article in the New Yorker magazine from 1999.
	www.canadiancontent.net /forums/post-201406.html (905 words)

	Clusters for Everyone
		(With NT clusters, the term whole computer, which is synonymous with node, means a system that can run on its own, apart from the cluster.
		If you're not familiar with clustering terms, you can refer to "Clustering Terms and Technologies.") This unified computing resource ensures availability because any node can take on the workload of any other node that happens to fail.
		Useful article but would be good to also cover "floating IP addresses" and how they are used (if they are used) for Microsoft clustering.
	www.windowsitpro.com /Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=59 (1286 words)

	bias chapter for lichtenberg book
		He cites several examples of the clustering illusion to support this claim.
		This hindsight bias creates an "illusion of learning." More experienced clinicians are more confident of their judgments than are novices, even though the judgments are no less accurate (Einhorn, 1986; Einhorn and Hogarth, 1978; Friedlander and Phillips, 1984; Oskamp, 1962, 1965).
		Einhorn, H. and Hogarth, R. Confidence in judgment: Persistence of the illusion of validity.
	courses.ed.asu.edu /tracey/T2BIASSS.htm (7410 words)

	Critical Thinking about the Paranormal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The first paper will describe the popularity of paranormal beliefs, will describe the anecdotal evidence for such beliefs, and will explain why anecdotal evidence, though powerful and persuasive, is not considered adequate for science.
		appeal to authority, argument to ignorance, begging the question, clustering illusion, divine fallacy, file-drawer effect (positive outcome bias), post hoc fallacy, pragmatic fallacy, and the regressive fallacy.
		The second paper will review some of the specific problems that any paranormal investigator is likely going to have to contend with in doing scientific experiments in parapsychology, such as cheating, self-deception, sensory leakage, and the like.
	www.scc.losrios.edu /~carrolb/phil322.html (3209 words)

	NEW AGE SEARCH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		BETA WAVES:Beta waves, ranging from 13-40 cps or Hz, represent our everyday, normal state of consciousness, which is focused primarily on external stimuli.
		BIBLE CODE:also known as Torah codes, are words, phrases and clusters of words and phrases that some people believe are meaningful and exist intentionally in coded form in the text of the Bible
		CLUSTERING ILLUSION : The clustering illusion is the intuition that random events which occur in clusters are not really random events..
	home.comcast.net /~newagesearch/menu.html (8802 words)

	Skeptic Terms
		Definition: Assuming that because random events occur in clusters they aren't actually random.
		Similar to "observational selection" where the observer picks which parts of the test will be used.
		Definition: A type of illusion where a person "sees" something in a random background.
	www.thealmightyguru.com /Pointless/SkepticTerms.html (3468 words)

	Notes on Gilovich
		The sequence looks non-random because there are so many clusters, and we don’t expect clusters in random data.
		What they didn’t know was that the student's arrival time was not only totally random, but pre-programmed into the computer and completely unrelated to anything the teacher did.
		People combine the clustering illusion with the regression fallacy: seeing streaks or clumps of events, and then having their subsequent absence be interpreted causally.
	www.analytictech.com /mb313/notes_on_gilovich.htm (2745 words)

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