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Topic: Coade stone

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		Coade's daughter (although unmarried was given the courtesy title "Mrs.") ran the venture very profitably, successfully promoting "Coade's Lithodipyra Terra-Cotta or Artificial Stone Manufactory".
		Below the level of the balcony are the Signs of the Zodiac modeled for the Coade factory by J. Rossi, In between the Signs of the Zodiac on the north face are the three Morning, Noon and Evening panels, also in Coade stone, which were the work of a third sculptor, Robert Smirke.
		The condition of the Windrush stone of which the Eight Winds featured round the top of the tower of the winds are made compares unfavourably with that of the Coade stone of the Zodiac and other figures below, which has successfully withstood the elements for two centuries.
	www.pmmmg.org /Coade.htm (1226 words)

	Preservation Brief 42: The Maintenance, Repair and Replacement of Historic Cast Stone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Coade Stone, one of the best known of the early English manufactures, was used for architectural ornament and trim, and saw limited use for interior decoration in the United States as early as 1800.
		In some historic cast stone installations, the thin layer of cement and fine sand at the surface of the cast stone units was not originally tooled from the molded surface, but was finished with patterns of masonry pigments in a stylized imitation of highly figured sandstones or limestones.
		Because cast stone depends on exposed aggregate to achieve its aesthetic effect, the use of an applied cementitious surface coating dramatically alters the visual effect of the material and is inappropriate as a cast stone repair technique.
	www2.cr.nps.gov /tps/briefs/brief42.htm (6025 words)

	Churchmouse: Mrs. Coade's Stone
		Coade Stone was a moulded artificial stone material with a hard surface finish, used for many types of monuments and other objects during the eighteenth and early nineteenth century.
		The Coade stone factory didn’t always get it right as there were some failures, they even had one on show in their showroom which had been grossly over fired and vitrified but on the whole most of the pieces we see today are in exceptionally good condition except for accidental damage.
		Coade Stone Arms of the Marquess of Buckingham on the Conduit House in Stowe Park, Buckinghamshire.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /peter.fairweather/docs/Coade_Stone.htm (2654 words)

	tunes.com - stone
		Masonry, the building of structures from stone; Coade stone, a special form of vitreous stoneware, used for monumental work and architectural decoration...
		Stone - on-line stock photography - digital stock photography.
		Stone Design Corp is located in beautiful Albuquerque, New Mexico, and was founded in 1984.
	rollingstone.tunes.com /search/stone.html (463 words)

	Bricks & Brass: Types of Stone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		The term 'artificial stone' was commonly used in the 19th century, but later the usual names were 'concrete stone', 'cast stone', or 'cut cast stone'.
		Cast stone is a mixture of water, sand, coarse aggregate, and cementing agents.
		Coade Stone was one of the best known of these products and was used for architectural ornaments and trim, and occasionally for interior decoration.
	www.bricksandbrass.co.uk /diymats/stone/stntype.htm (540 words)

	Castlestone Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Cast Stone was first used extensively in London in around 1900 by Jenny Coade, known as "Coade Stone" and gained widespread acceptance in America in 1920.
		Cast Stone is a highly refined architectural building stone, usually made up of white cement and a combination of various sizes aggregates of white marble, quartz, or other durable white stone.
		Since cast stone is a type of architectural precast stone, the question is often asked: "What is the difference between cast stone and architectural precast concrete?" The short answer is that cast stone is used in place of natural stone.
	www.castlestone.com /about (580 words)

	Coade Stone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Many other examples of Coade stone still exists such as the Lion on the south bank of Westminster Bridge, the statues outside the John Soane Museum, smaller pieces can be seen at the Museum of Garden History.
		The Coade family came to London from Lyme Regis in the 1760s and it seems likely that one of the ingredients of their 'secret formula' was the white china clay which had been discovered in Cornwall a few years previously.
		Coade stone products were widely used by eminent architects for the greater part of a century, but financial difficulties eventually brought about the close of the business and the formula for the stone was lost, apparently forever.
	www.vauxhallsociety.org.uk /Coade.html (425 words)

	coade stone, eleanor coade, coade stone manufactory, Coade Stone, Eleanor Coade
		References to Miss Coade of 1771 show that she was in charge of the Coade Stone Manufactory from the beginning and that the firm’s prosperity and the success story of Coade Stone is solely due to her.
		The invention of Coade Stone, and the founding of the Coade Stone Manufactory, are attributed to that date, but it is not known why Mrs Coade hit on ceramic manufacture when her family experience had been in the wool trade, or what were the original trading terms between her and Pincot.
		In her lifetime she had made Coade Stone monuments for Westminster Abbey and St Paul’s, and immortalised many with magnificent Coade Stone memorials and tombs, yet for herself she asked only that she be buried in a "decent and frugal manner".
	www.chelminski.co.uk (1091 words)

	Stone and Brick Building Materials and Techniques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		I. Stone is a natural walling material that has often been used as a high status building material, or for manufacturing structures, or as a low status locally available material.
		B. Stone is valued by solid measure, either by the cord, or the perch.
		Cutters worked stone from quarried rock into blocks suitable for construction, they might or might not be the quarrymen who actually cut the stone out of the bank.
	departments.umw.edu /hipr/www/305/stone.htm (629 words)

	JAIC 1998, Volume 37, Number 1, Article 7 (pp. 89 to 110)
		Stone restoration is an ancient and vast discipline that encompasses the treatment of individual stone artifacts, outdoor monuments, and architecture.
		Addition of crushed stone or soil for color is considered to be better than using pigments, as the migration of unreacted pigments to the perimeters of patches is a common problem.
		Stone aggregate and sand are commonly added to epoxy or polyester for cast replacements and plastic repair in architectural and monumental contexts, particularly in Europe.
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic37-01-007.html (10549 words)

	JAIC 1998, Volume 37, Number 1, Article 7 (pp. 89 to 110)
		When part of a building stone is damaged to the extent that it cannot perform its function as a load-bearing element, stone replacement is often justified.
		Sometimes the stone source for a dutchmen may be salvaged from an inconspicuous place on the monument, ensuring a proper match.
		Artificial stone can be cast in a mold to match the original, as utilized at the Metropolitan Club in Manhattan (Matero and Tagle 1995), or carved after casting to fit a repair and to match a surface, as at the reconstruction of the Basilica of St. Arbogast.
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic37-01-007_4.html (1127 words)

	Monumental Coade stone lion c1790
		This fully maned walking lion is a marvellous example of the work of the Coade manufactury which produced extraordinary stoneware which proved to be more durable and weather resistant than the stone itself.
		In the factory in Lambeth, South London, Eleanor Coade received many commissions from home and abroad, including important work for George III and George IV and other members of the Royal Family.
		Her stone could be used for anything which would normally be carved in natural stone, from small ornaments to fireplaces, statues and urns.
	www.sweerts.com /pages/animals_coadestonelion.html (111 words)

	Coade Stone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		The manufactury was set up in Lambeth in 1769, and Coade Stone was made from that time first by Mr Coade, then after his death by his wife, Eleanor Coade (d.1821), and by her relative Sealy and by W. Croggan through to about 1840.
		Mrs Coade was able to attract some very eminent sculptors to work in her material, including Flaxman and John Bacon, and consequently it was used on important and lesser buildings all over Britain.
		The statues outside the John Soane Museum are of Coade Stone, as are the vases on the balustrade of Somerset House (where the Courtauld Institute is - see the walk along the Strand and Fleet Street).
	www.speel.demon.co.uk /other/coade.htm (306 words)

	coade stone, english terracotta, garden sculpture, makers and Restorers, Stone Carver
		The most famous of the 18th century makers was, whose "Coade Stone" urns and statuary are very highly valued today.
		The technical secrets and skills of these makers were lost as their method were displaced by the demands of mass production during the 19th century.
		originating from many years experience of stone carving, have resulted in the ability to produce work of a quality which rivals that of the 18th century makers who have been our inspiration.
	www.coadestone.com (292 words)

	Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: History and Heritage: Places: Lion Gate and Lodge
		The heraldic beasts were designed by Thomas Hardwicke (a pupil of Sir William Chambers) and moulded in Coade stone, a highly realistic artificial stone with great resistance to weathering and pollution, used for monumental work primarily between 1769 and 1840.
		One of London's finest examples of Coade stone is the handsome lion on the southern approach to Westminster Bridge.
		The Coade lion was moved to where it stands today on its entablature of Portland stone, supported by yellow London brick pillars.
	www.rbgkew.org.uk /heritage/places/liongate.html (377 words)

	THE CONSERVATION GLOSSARY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		- a kiln fired artificial stone, very durable, the formula, invented by George Coade, included clay, sand and fluxes and grog, which is ground down previously fired stoneware.
		Difficult to distinguish from natural stone, it was widely used by the leading architects of the day during late 18th early 19th centuries, including Adam, Nash and Soane.
		The detail on Buckingham Palace is in coade stone.
	www.trp.dundee.ac.uk /research/glossary/coadesto.html (76 words)

	Makers and Restorers, English Terracotta, Garden Sculpture, Coade Stone, Stone Carver
		Coade stone, the definitive work on the subject.
		Coade dies leaving most of her estate to charity.
		Eleanor Coade is born In the English city of Exeter.
	www.thomasoncudworth.com /history3.asp (360 words)

	Preservation Brief 42 The maintenance, repair and replacement of historic cast stone
		Cast stone was commonly used for molded trim in conjunction with brick or natural stone, as seen in these buildings.
		If deterioration appears widespread, however, or if large surface areas are spalling or cracking and replacement appears necessary, the owner may wish to consult a preservation architect or consultant to determine the cause of deterioration and to specify necessary repairs or replacement, as appropriate.
		This stone mason demonstrates the technique of building a stone arch at the Smithsonian Folklife Festival in June 2001.
	www.oldhouseweb.com /stories/Detailed/10477.shtml (5619 words)

	Interesting and Famous Exeter people
		Eleanor Coade who was born in Exeter in 1733 was the inventor of coade stone, a form of stoneware that is fired twice and can be moulded to produce intricate shapes.
		She was the daughter of George Coade, a wealthy wool merchant from Lyme Regis a resident of Exeter and Eleanor Enchmarch.
		Coade stone is very common on many buildings in Exeter - the doorways in Colleton Crescent are dressed with coade stone.
	www.exetermemories.co.uk /em/exeterpeople.html (8246 words)

	Coade Stone at Hammerwood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Whilst the shafts of the stone columns of the south front porticos at Hammerwood are unfluted, their capitals are fluted and lightly decorated.
		The use of Coade Stone by many eminent Georgian architects (including Robert Adam, Sir William Chambers, James and Samuel Wyatt, Sir John Soane and John Nash) was widespread and has been thoroughly discussed by Alison Kelly in her book Mrs Coade's Stone (1990).
		There are no records of Latrobe's or Sperling's correspondence with Mrs Coade, but the choice of the bacchic plaques for a hunting lodge would seem to have been a definite attempt (as in the use of the primitive columns of the porticos) to enhance the rustic spirit of the house.
	www.mistral.co.uk /hammerwood/coade.htm (523 words)

	Treasure Trove - Dunston Pillar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		It was made of a type of artificial stone invented in 1769 by a lady called Eleanor Coade and known as Coade Stone.
		Almost anything that could be carved from natural stone was made in Coade Stone and our statue of George III may be one of the tallest pieces ever created in Coade Stone.
		The Coade Stone factory had closed in 1843 and in the ensuing years, the recipe for this remarkable material was lost.
	www.lincsheritage.org /lincs/radio/dunston_pillar.html (770 words)

	Bricks & Brass: Stone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		In London, stone is rarely used as the main material for the walls of houses.
		Outside London, stone was used for house walls in a few cities to the north and west, including York, Bath, Bristol and Cardiff, as well as in the countryside around them.
		In the south east of England, flint is sometimes used in combination with brick or stone.
	www.bricksandbrass.co.uk /deselem/extwall/stone.htm (185 words)

	Giftsshop other Artificial stone website's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Coade stone, an exceptionally hard and durable artificial material that closely resembles stone which was moulded and thenin 1992.
		Coade stone, an exceptionally hard and durable artificial material that closely resembles stone which was moulded and then.
		while other legends say each stone is a piece of the planetcalled the “silk” of the stone, which is created by finecenter of the gem.
	www.giftsshop.biz /flowers-bouquets/artificial/artificial-stone.html (549 words)

	Coade Stone on Dunston Pillar, follies and folly towers at follytowers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Coade Stone on Dunston Pillar, follies and folly towers at follytowers.com
		Coade stone managed to give a finish comparable with natural stone, but without the penalty of excessive weight.
		For in depth information on Coade Stone with examples of it's use in churchyard memorials take a look at Peter Fairweather's site.
	www.follies.btinternet.co.uk /dunston2.html (209 words)

	Bulletin Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Stone Cleaning and the Nature, Soiling, and Decay Mechanisms of Stone by Robin G. Webster, ed., rev. by Martin E. Weaver, BR XXIV-1/2-92, pp.
		Stone Decay and Conservation: Atmospheric Pollution, Cleaning, Consolidation and Protection by Giovanni Amoroso and Vasco Fassina, rev. by Martin E. Weaver, BR XVII-3/4-85, pp.
		"Stone Pre-fab in Quebec City in the Middle of the Eighteenth Century" by A. Richardson, ART V-4-73, pp.
	www.apti.org /search/isearch.asp?search=STONE (1429 words)

	John Johnson Collection Exhibition 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-13)
		Eleanor Coade (1733-1821) began in business on her own as a linen-draper in London.
		Eleanor Coade, although given the courtesy title ‘Mrs’, was unmarried.
		She is famous for the invention of Coade Stone (an artificial stone).
	www.bodley.ox.ac.uk /johnson/exhibition/130.htm (161 words)

	Cities of Science - London - A ceramic survivor
		For 200 years ornaments made from the stone have resisted attack by the pollutants in London's air.
		Coade Stone is not stone at all but a ceramic.
		There were two lions cast in Coade Stone which at first decorated the Lion Brewery on the South Bank.
	www.citiesofscience.co.uk /go/London/ContentPlace_1906.html (292 words)

	Strolling Guides - Ham House
		Coade stone is, in fact a form of very hard ceramic that was cast and then fired, and was named after Mrs.
		Coade, in fact, she never married and was a formidable woman by all accounts.
		Although a lengthy and complicated manufacturing process, Coade Stone statues and garden ornaments cost less than a tenth of the price of the equivalent carved stone item, and lead to the wide-spread use of statues in late eighteenth century gardens.
	www.strollingguides.co.uk /books/london/places/ham.php (336 words)

	Stone garden ornament
		Cast stone may be compared to costume jewelery: it is not so fine as natural stone but many people cannot tell the difference Cast stone is greatly superior to concrete.
		It is made by crushing and re-bonding the stone.
		Resin bonded stone shows every sign of being extremely durable, and may well be the modern equivalent of Coade Stone, a nineteenth century ceramic material which was used for a wide range of garden ornaments.
	www.gardenvisit.com /garden_product/ornament/stone_ornament.htm (74 words)

	terracotta, english terracotta, English Terracotta, Terracottas
		Following the success of Coade Stone, the greatest of the English Terracottas, which was used for all manner of Sculptures, Garden Ornaments and Architectural Elements in the late 18
		Mark H. Blanchard had originally trained as an apprentice in the Coade Manufactory, and when it finally closed in 1843, is known to have purchased a number of the moulds, naming himself as successor in the use of the Coade Stone formula, and setting up his own Blanchard Terracotta works at Blackfriars Road.
		His early pieces were closest to Coade Stone, and he made Vases for Buckingham Palace to supplement the Coade Stone pieces already on the terrace there.
	www.chelminski.co.uk /english_terracotta.htm (766 words)

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