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Topic: Coagulation factors

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Clot

Prothrombin time

Calcium in biology

Farsi language

	Coagulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Coagulation factors are generally indicated by Roman numerals, with a lowercase a appended to indicate an active form, ultimately resulting in cross-linked fibrin.
		Factor VIII turned out to be deficient in the clinically recognised but etiologically elusive hemophilia A; it was identified in the 1950s and is alternatively called antihemophilic globulin due to its capability to correct hemophilia A. Factor IX was discovered in 1952 in a young patient with hemophilia B named Stephen Christmas (1947-1993).
		Factors III and VI are unassigned, as thromboplastin was never identified, and actually turned out to consist of ten further factors, and accelerin was found to be activated Factor V. All mammals have an extremely closely related blood coagulation process, using a combined cellular and serine protease process.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clot (2228 words)

	Blood Coagulation
		activated by thrombin; factor Va is a cofactor in the activation of prothrombin by factor Xa Factor III (tissue factor)
		Factor XIII is the proenzyme form of plasma transglutaminase and is activated by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions.
		In response to injury, the heparin is released and inhibits coagulation.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/blood-coagulation.html (3811 words)

	Hospital Practice: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The clinical relevance of severe thrombocytopenia and low levels of coagulation factors in a patient who is bleeding, or at risk for bleeding, is indisputable.
		Interleukin-6 appears to be the main cytokine involved in the activation of coagulation; tumor necrosis factor-alpha is mainly involved in the dysregulation of anticoagulation pathways and fibrinolysis.
		In view of the pivotal role of protein C as inhibitor of the coagulation cascade and its postulated role as an important mediator of inflammation, activated protein C may be a good candidate for supportive treatment of patients with DIC.
	www.hosppract.com /issues/2000/08/celevi.htm (2601 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 11, Ch. 131, Hemostasis And Coagulation Disorders
		Coagulation occurs in steps: (1) Sequences of reactions in at least two pathways (the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways) activate serine protease proenzymes and form a prothrombin activator, which is a complex (of an enzyme; factor Xa; and two cofactors, factor Va and procoagulant phospholipid) on the surface of activated platelets or tissue cells.
		Factor X activation requires both routes for normal hemostasis, presumably because the catalytic activity of factor VIIa/tissue factor is inhibited as coagulation proceeds by a factor Xa-dependent mechanism.
		Factor V Leiden is a genetic mutation (substitution of arginine with glutamine at position 506) that decreases degradation of factor Va by activated protein C. The heterozygous state is extremely common (3 to 15%) in various populations (averaging 7% in the USA) and results in increased incidence of venous thromboembolism.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section11/chapter131/131b.jsp (3057 words)

	Coagulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The coagulation of blood is a complex process during which blood forms solid clots.
		Other: mixing test (whether an abnormality corrects if the patient's plasma is mixed with normal plasma), antiphosholipid antibodies, coagulation factor assays, genetic tests (eg.
		The only other animal that uses serine proteases for blood coagulation is the Horseshoe Crab.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coagulation_factor (2228 words)

	The blood coagulation process - Nurse CE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The common pathway involves the activation of factors: X, V, II, XIII and I. Both pathways are required for normal hemostasis and there are positive feedback loops between the two pathways that amplify reactions to produce enough fibrin to form a lifesaving plug.
		The coagulation factors are numbered in the order of their discovery.
		Factor VI was subsequently found to be part of another factor.
	www.rnceus.com /coag/coagpro.html (434 words)

	Blood Coagulation
		Tissue factor is a non-enzymatic lipoprotein constitutively expressed on the surface of cells that are not normally in contact with plasma (e.g., fibroblasts and macrophages).
		Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a 34-kDa protein associated with plasma lipoproteins and with the vascular endothelium.
		Factors V and VIII are large plasma proteins that contain repeated sequences homologous to the copper-binding protein ceruloplasmin (A1, A2 and A3 domains in Fig.
	tollefsen.wustl.edu /projects/coagulation/coagulation.html (2316 words)

	Hemostasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Coagulation Factors: Enzymes or coenzymes in plasma that are biologically functional in the clotting mechanism.
		Clotting factors, with the exception of factor VIII and von Willebrand's, are produced by the hepatocytes of the liver.
		Once factor X is initiated, the common pathway of coagulation is initiated and insoluble fibrin is generated.
	campus.murraystate.edu /academic/faculty/Wade.Northington/hemostas.htm (1924 words)

	Hemostasis Basics - Programmed Learner
		According to the international nomenclature system, coagulation cofactors and procoagulants were assigned roman numerals in the order of their discovery and don't correspond to their location in the coagulation sequence of activation.
		The coagulation factors, except for calcium and thromboplastin, are proteins and are involved in a sequential reaction or coagulation cascade.
		Factor VII which is a circulation coagulation factor, forms a complex with tissue thromboplastin and calcium.
	www.dadebehring.com /education/hemostasis/tutorial.htm (3211 words)

	Hemostasis and Blood Clotting Disorders
		Over twenty different protein factors are required for a blood clot to form at a site of injury.
		Certain blood coagulation disorders increase the risk of developing blood clots in the blood vessels.
		Not all of the factors that upset hemostasis are internal disorders.
	www.coagulation-factors.com (443 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Bleeding problems in patients with liver disease
		Factor IX (in the presence of calcium and factor VIII) and factor VII (in the presence of calcium) both lead to activation of factor X, which in turn, in the presence of platelets, factor V, and calcium, converts prothrombin to thrombin.
		All coagulation factors are produced in the liver except for von Willebrand's factor, which is produced in endothelial cells.
		Factor V is usually low in both acute and chronic liver disease because of diminished production and factor consumption; however, in biliary tract disease, including biliary cirrhosis, it is often elevated (8,9).
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/1999/10_01_99/sallah.htm (2859 words)

	Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tissue factor activates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, which is not measured in PTT assays.
		The effects of hereditary or acquired factor deficiencies on PT and PTT are shown in Tables 1 and 2 in Coagulation Factor Assays.
		The liver synthesizes all of the coagulation factors.
	www.mgh.harvard.edu /labmed/lab/coag/handbook/CO003400.htm (2445 words)

	Coagulation disorders
		Coagulation, or clotting, occurs as a complex process involving several components of the blood.
		Treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation patients is complicated by the large variety of underlying causes of the disorder.
		Factor XI (hemophilia C) is most often treated with plasma, since there are no commercially available concentrates of factor XI in the United States.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/coagulation_disorders.jsp (2731 words)

	Coagulation Factors II, V, VII, and X, Prothrombin Gene 20210G->A Transition, and Factor V Leiden in Coronary Artery ...
		Coagulation Factors II, V, VII, and X, Prothrombin Gene 20210G->A Transition, and Factor V Leiden in Coronary Artery Disease : High Factor V Clotting Activity Is an Independent Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction -- Redondo et al.
		Factor V Leiden (Resistance to activated protein C) increases the risk of myocardial infarction in young women.
		Mutation in the gene coding for coagulation factor V and the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and venous thrombosis in apparently healthy men.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/4/1020 (3725 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
		DIC is a disorder of the "clotting cascade." It results in depletion of clotting factors in the blood.
		Risk factors are recent sepsis, recent injury or trauma, recent surgery or anesthesia, complications of labor and delivery, leukemia or disseminated cancer, recent blood transfusion reaction, and severe liver disease.
		Replacement therapy of the coagulation factors is achieved by transfusion of fresh frozen plasma.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000573.htm (443 words)

	Effects of Psychological Stress and Psychiatric Disorders on Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis: A Biobehavioral ...
		molecules (ie, fibrinogen or coagulation factor VII) and by
		Rozanski A, Blumenthal JA, Kaplan J. Impact of psychological factors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and implications for therapy.
		Fibrinolytic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with angina pectoris.
	www.psychosomaticmedicine.org /cgi/content/full/63/4/531 (6970 words)

	eMedicine - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation : Article by Mary A Furlong, MD
		DIC is a pathophysiologic term describing a continuum of events that occur in the coagulation pathway in association with a variety of disease states.
		Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor may be the most influential cytokines involved in coagulation activation (via tissue factor) and may be responsible for the end-organ damage that occurs.
		Bick RL: Syndromes of disseminated intravascular coagulation in obstetrics, pregnancy, and gynecology.
	www.emedicine.com /EMERG/topic150.htm (3348 words)

	COAGULATION DISORDERS
		Factor VIII:C (procoagulant) is the clotting factor required to activate factor X in the intrinsic pathway.
		It circulates bound to VIII:R (von Willebrand's factor, made in endothelium and megakaryocytes) which is required for the interaction of platelets with subendothelial collagen and also protects VIII:C from destruction.
		And B---'s claim that the coagulation cascade is "irreducibly complex" is indisputably false.
	www.pathguy.com /lectures/coag.htm (6407 words)

	Interleukin-6, Fibrin D-Dimer, and Coagulation Factors VII and XIIa in Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease -- Lowe et ...
		Factor VII activity and ischaemic heart disease: fatal and non-fatal events.
		Haemostatic factors as predictors of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in the Edinburgh Artery Study.
		Elevation of factor VII activity and mass in young adults at risk of ischemic heart disease.
	atvb.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/24/8/1529 (3489 words)

	Information on Coagulation Factors and Prions
		Haemate is used in the prophylaxis and therapy of bleeding relating to Haemophilia A and acquired factor VIII deficiency, in the therapy of patients with antibodies against factor VIII, and the prophylaxis and therapy of bleeding relating to Willebrand syndrome.
		The batch referenced was introduced into the German market by the then license holder, Centeon, in 1997.
		According to this calculation, the possibly remaining residual amount of infectivity in a single dose of the Haemate HS/P 1000 batch in question is considered as very low (4.1 x 10
	www.pei.de /english/professionals/haemate_info_050112e.htm (470 words)

	Bleeding and Clotting lecture notes
		WHEN ENDOTHELIUM IS INJURED THE PLATELET AND COAGULATION MECHANISMS ARE ACTIVATED TO PREVENT BLOOD LEAKAGE.
		DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION IS CAUSED BY COAGULATION WITHIN THE BLOODSTREAM WHICH LEADS TO MULTIPLE SMALL THROMBI THAT CAN PLUG SMALL VESSELS THROUGHOUT THE BODY.
		AS WITH PLATELETS, COAGULATION FACTORS ARE INCREASED AFTER TRAUMA, SURGERY, AND CHILDBIRTH AND CAN CAUSE THE SAME PROBLEMS.
	www.clt.astate.edu /jfarris/Pta2382/CLOT.htm (865 words)

	inhibitors to coagulation factors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Inhibitors to Coagulation Factors: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium
		Howard M. Reisner, and Gilbert C. White II The past decade has seen major advances in the treatment of hemophilia.
		Tolerance to Coagulation Factors Tolerance and Intolerance to Factor VIII: A Clinical Perspective Ernest Briët Immune Tolerance to FVIII: The International Registry Data G.
	www.med.unc.edu /wrkunits/3ctrpgm/Xthromb/inhibs.htm (273 words)

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