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Topic: Coal Tit

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	Coal Tit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Coal Tit, Parus ater is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae.
		The Coal Tit is 10–11.5 cm in length, and has a distinctive large white nape spot on its fl head.
		Most authorities treat the Coal Tit in the subgenus Periparus within a broad view of the genus Parus, but the American Ornithologists' Union treats Periparus as a distinct genus, with the Coal Tit as Periparus ater.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coal_Tit (487 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Coal tit
		Coal tits have an oval white patch on the nape, and may also erect a small crest on the back of the head when agitated.
		Coal tits are widespread and common over most of their range.
		Coal tits forage for seeds, insects (especially aphids) and spiders in the treetops.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/3060.shtml (420 words)

	Crested Tit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Crested Tit, Parus cristatus, sometimes Lophophanes cristatus, is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae.
		It is an easy tit to recognise, for besides its erectile crest, the tip of which is often recurved, its gorget and collar are distinctive.
		It is, like other tits, talkative, and birds keep up a constant zee, zee, zee, similar to that of the Coal Tit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crested_Tit (265 words)

	intro
		Coal tit populations inhabiting boreal coniferous forests in northern Europe seem to be mainly territorial (Ekman 1989a).
		In Norway, the Coal tit is much less sedentary than the other tit species with a very reduced population in the study area during most of the winter.
		Coal tits in a Norwegian population hoarded in outer and higher parts of trees than those of a population inhabiting a subalpine forest in the Pyrenees.
	www.bio.ub.es /~brotons/intro.html (9396 words)

	British Garden Birds - Coal Tit
		The Coal Tit is a small tit, in fact the smallest European tit, and could be confused with the almost indistinguishable Marsh Tit and
		The Coal Tit's small (15 mm by 12 mm) eggs are smooth and glossy, and white with reddish-brown speckles.
		We had not seen Coal Tits visiting the garden before 1998, though this may be through not noticing the birds dashing to the feeders, snatching a seed or nut, then dashing away to either eat it or add it to its hoard.
	www.garden-birds.co.uk /birds/coaltit.htm (420 words)

	Coal Tit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Coal Tits are small and rather delicate members of the Tit family, typically seen singly taking food away from hanging feeders when more dominant species have finished feeding.
		Coal Tits are slightly smaller than the Blue Tit, with olive-grey upperparts and white-buff underparts.
		Coal Tits are often regarded as being a species of coniferous woodland, and while they do nest at higher densities in coniferous woodland than deciduous woodland, Coal Tits do occur in many other habitats, including gardens.
	www.bto.org /gbw/Species/BIRDS_COATI.htm (377 words)

	Coal tits at Paxton Pits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Probably as a result of the lack of conifer trees in the area, coal tits are not common at Paxton Pits, although they are regularly seen in nearby village gardens during the winter, and possibly breed somewhere in the vicinity.
		Often, coal tits are found by their song, which is a simpler, weaker version of a great tit's 'tea-cher' song, though the two syllables tend to merge into one.
		With its fl crown, coal tits are sometimes confused with marsh and willow tit, but it is the only member of the family with a white patch on the back of its head.
	www.paxton-pits.org.uk /species/coaltit (129 words)

	Birds
		The Great Tit builds a nest of moss, hair and feathers, in a hole in a tree, wall or in a water pump, flowerpot or letterbox.
		Coal Tits use their sharp little beaks to pick out small insects from among pine needles.
		Coal Tits can be found all over Britain throughout the year.
	www.naturegrid.org.uk /biodiversity/birds/titmice.htm (974 words)

	Barford Community Website
		Originally, blue tits were woodland birds and in winter they often join in large flocks with other species of tits to forage for insects, seeds and nuts.
		The smallest member of the tit family, the coal tit can be distinguished by the white spot on the back of the neck.
		The long-tailed tit is easily recognisable with its pink, fl and white plumage, a tail that is noticeably longer than its body, and distinctive undulating flight.
	www.users.globalnet.co.uk /~kroberts/barford/html/birds_tits.html (878 words)

	Feral Pigeon Columba livia
		The Long-tailed is not a true Tit and differs from all the other tits in that it is the only one not to nest in holes.
		Coal Tits, the smallest of our tit family, are fairly common, favouring conifers.
		Coal Tits were recorded in 13.3% of gardens but not during the field boundary survey.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /thomas.stevenson/systD.htm (2248 words)

	Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		We suggest that the coexistence of willow tits, crested tits and coal tits is the result of a combination of competition for food and predator safe foraging sites.
		The smaller coal tit is superior in exploitation competition for food, while the two larger species have an advantage in interference competition for predator safe foraging sites.
		The association between the distribution of the pygmy owl and the two larger tit species on isolated islands in Scandinavia is consistent with the idea that the pygmy owl is a keystone predator.
	www.oikos.ekol.lu.se /oikos.89.1.abstracts/9416kullberg.htm (178 words)

	BTO - Breeding Birds of the Wider Countryside: Coal Tit
		BTO - Breeding Birds of the Wider Countryside: Coal Tit
		The ratios of Coal Tit to Blue and Great Tits caught for ringing have both shown a sustained increase since 1960 (Perrins 2003) although, in these figures, population change may be confounded to some degree with changes in behaviour among birds and bird ringers.
		This pattern suggests that Coal Tit abundance in the UK may be controlled by a complex range of factors.
	www.bto.org /birdtrends2004/wcrcoati.htm (196 words)

	Coal Tit identification, habitat, calls and food.
		Together, with the Blue Tit, the Coal Tit is one of the smallest tits of Europe.
		It is the only fl-crowned tit with a large white patch on the nape.
		Similar to the Great Tit's, although the Coal Tit's wide range of calls are higher pitched.
	www.noahsarkgardens.co.uk /Wildlife/Birds/CoalTit.htm (216 words)

	Coal Tit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The smallest British tit at 11cm, the coal tit is a bird of the tree canopy in both broadleaf and coniferous woodland, but often seen at bird feeders, especially during the winter.
		Easily recognised by the white nape and generally dull appearance, with double white wing-bars, the coal tit feeds on insects, larvae and seeds, as well as peanuts in bird feeders.
		Breeding starts in April, and nests are usually in holes in trees, walls or banks, consisting of a cup of moss lined with feathers and hair.
	www.photo-tech.co.uk /wildlife_coal_tit.html (153 words)

	Lille - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 19th century Lille became the centre of French industry due to the large nearby coal deposits.
		By 1912, Lille's population was at 217,000: the city profited from the Industrial Revolution, particularly via coal and the steam engine.
		Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the region was faced with some problems after the decline of the coal, mining and textile industries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lille (2591 words)

	BBC - Wales - A guide to the most common garden birds in Wales
		The coal tit has a distinctive 'peechoo-peechoo-peechoo' call, which can be heard across Wales in woodland areas.
		The long-tailed tit is easily recognisable with its distinctive colouring, a tail that is bigger than its body, and undulating flight.
		Like most tits, they rove the woods and hedgerows, but are also seen on heaths and commons with suitable bushes.
	www.bbc.co.uk /wales/nature/sites/birds/pages/birds_guide_1.shtml (1156 words)

	Coal tit - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Not as colourful as some of its relatives, the coal tit has a distinctive grey back, fl cap, and white patch at the back of its neck.
		Its smaller, more slender bill than blue or great tits means it can feed more successfully in conifers.
		In winter they join with other tits to form flocks which roam through woodlands and gardens in search of food.
	www.rspb.org.uk /birds/guide/c/coaltit/index.asp (141 words)

	BirdForum - why coal tit was named "coal" tit?
		Both species have a fl like coal cap so I assume they were named by the colour of their head.
		Therefore, when tits appeared around houses in larger numbers, people knew it is time to warm their houses with coal.
		But a english Coal Tit is a Parus ater, which germans refer to as Tannenmeise, whereas a german Kohlmeise is a Parus major, a Great Tit in english...
	www.birdforum.net /showthread.php?t=25917 (953 words)

	Blue Tit identification, habitat, calls and food.
		Easily identified as it is the only tit with blue wing, tail and crown.
		The chest is yellow and the blue tit has white cheeks.
		Young blue tits have have more greenish-brown upper parts and yellowish cheeks.
	www.noahsarkgardens.co.uk /Wildlife/Birds/BlueTit.htm (250 words)

	Blue Tit
		In wintertime is's often accompanied by other tits like the Great Tit and the Coal tit.
		The Blue Tit is also a bird that can easily be tempted to build it's nest in your garden.
		Now when birds leave their nest for the first time they are not the best of flyers and it sometimes happens they don't know what a pond is or try to sit on a twig just above the pond that is too fragile to hold their weight and consequently they fall into the water.
	www.gardensafari.net /english/pages/pimpel.htm (784 words)

	The Regulars
		The coal tit (sometimes 2 or 3 coal tits) has been a regular at the bird table.
		Usually they get chased off by the resident blue tit which has taken a claim on the nestbox on next door's wall.
		Long-tailed tits have been showing up at the peanut feeders in both the front and back gardens.
	www.wildyorkshire.co.uk /naturediary/docs/2004/3/4.html (347 words)

	Recent Sightings
		Blue Tits get very agressive during the nesting season and don't seem to be able to tolerate any other hole nesting birds in their vicinity.
		For the tits, timing of the nesting effort is critical - if they are too early or too late they miss out on the hatch of (mainly moth) larvae.
		The Coal Tits were up to their usual tricks - they carry off surplus food in the autumn and lay down a cache as an insurance policy against lean times in winter.
	www.abcissa.co.uk /birds/xrs00.html (3719 words)

	Dictionary of Animals - tit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Tits are 8–20 cm/3–8 in long and have grey or fl plumage, often with blue or yellow markings.
		montanus resemble the coal tit except for the latter's white nape and white spots on the wings.
		The long-tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus is about 13 cm/5 in long, and has prolonged, graduated fl tail feathers.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/dictionaries/animals/data/m0008729.html (252 words)

	Birds Ireland > Features > Irish subspecies
		Irish Coal Tits Parus ater hibernicus differ from birds of the British race P.a.britannicus and the Continental race, P.a.ater by showing a different plumage tone.
		Irish Coal Tits are best recognised by the strong sulphur-yellow tones on the cheeks, breast and belly.
		Irish Coal Tits also tend to show buff tips to the uppertail coverts.
	www.birdsireland.com /pages/site_pages/features/coal_tit.html (287 words)

	Brook Meadow - Moles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The songs of Graet Tit and Coal Tit are notoriously tricky to tell apart, both are basically the repetition of two notes.
		- The classic Great Tit song is the "teach-er" song in which there are two distinct notes (between 2 kHz and 4 kHz) repeated one after the other in a simple rhythm.
		- The Coal Tit's song is faster and sweeter than that of the Great Tit.
	www.hants.gov.uk /brook-meadow/bm-bird-songs.htm (229 words)

	Birds, Bluebottles and Edward Lear
		A blue tit (far left) is bobbing in and out of the nest box on next door's kitchen wall, most likely working flat out to keep its family fed and occasionally stopping to feed itself at the sunflower feeder.
		The coal tit, (right) normally the duller bird, is looking rather neater.
		The resident blue tit, on top of its normal chores, keeps chasing it away from the feeder.
	www.wildyorkshire.co.uk /naturediary/docs/2005/5/17.html (509 words)

	Dryad - woodland soundscapes
		The peak of the dawn chorus is a phenomenal riot of sound approaching cacophany and best experienced in the flesh; this sequence includes the build-up to the full chorus and the period afterwards where the first wave of song is subsiding.
		Chiff-chaff, great spotted woodpecker, green woodpecker, willow warbler, chaffinch, common crossbill, coal tit, jay, mistle thrush and many of the same species as the previous track can all be heard.
		With hoverfly, buzzard, jay, wren, robin, coal tit, siskin, red squirrel (chacking in irritation) and goldcrests gathering to roost.
	www.wildsong.demon.co.uk /WSong1/albums1/woods.html (690 words)

	Parus caeruleus - Blue Tit
		This lovely little tit is to be seen throughout Wales.
		They are less timid than many other garden birds, and they are often found in the company of great tits, coal tits and marsh tits.
		Blue tits are resident birds, and you will see them throughout the year.
	www.first-nature.com /birds/parus_caeruleus.htm (78 words)

	Coal Tit
		This bird is the smallest of all real tits in Holland.
		In summer you will never see it, because it lives high up in trees en prefers larger forests.
		Actually the Polish name means Pine Tit and that accurately describes the animal's habitat.
	www.gardensafari.net /english/pages/zwartmee.htm (222 words)

	KH5.3 TEXT VIEW
		tit, and even more often seen hanging upside down on a twig or coconut.
		The coal tit is distinguishable by the white patch behind the head.
		The coal tit is easily distinguished from the great and blue
	www.comp.lancs.ac.uk /computing/users/nick/LCWP/downloads/transcripts/53/KH53TEXT.SGM (772 words)

	Brooding Saison
		Great tit (Parus major) are there all the time.
		Blue tit (Parus caeruleus) are showing up each day.
		Coal Tit (Parus ater) was at our feeder twice this year
	www.birdcam.de /feeder.htm (184 words)

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