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	Coal Field History
		The Coal War was a shocking event, one that galvanized U.S. public opinion and eventually came to symbolize the wave of industrial violence that lead to the "progressive" era reforms in labor relations (Crawford, 1995; Gitelman 1998).
		The Southern Coal Field is in southern Colorado on the east side of the Rockies.
		The coal seams occur in the foothills of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.
	www.du.edu /anthro/ludlow/cfhist.html (607 words)

	History Of Sydney Coal Field
		The conversion of the land into submarine coal fields, accelerated by the subsidence of the earth between Newfoundland and Cape Breton, is ongoing.
		The shape and extent of the submarine portion of the coal field is not precisely known.
		Coal was extracted from exposed seams along the cliffs and in 1720 the first coal mine was officially opened at Cow Bay, or Port Morien as it is now known.
	www.angelfire.com /pro/tech12/history.html (1600 words)

	Kentucky's Coal Industry
		Of the 35 coal counties in eastern Kentucky, the southeastern 10 counties contain 75 percent of the resource, and Pike and Harlan Counties have 30 percent of the estimated coal.
		The Kentucky coal industry during fiscal year 1994–95 produced 162 million tons of coal with a gross value of $3.9 billion.(7) Employment and revenue generated by industries supporting or servicing coal mining are vital to the coal-producing counties.
		Coal may be viewed not only as a vital source of energy for electric power generation and combustion, but also as a valuable upgraded product that can be used in high-value, specialized markets in the chemical and other industries.
	www.kltprc.net /books/exploring/Chpt_19.htm (4679 words)

	Eccleshill Coal Mining
		Coal has been got in Over Darwen, Eccleshill, Tockholes, and Lower Darwen at least three centuries, very probably for a longer period, and the presence of this mineral fuel has during the interval compensated the inhabitants of these townships for the barrenness of most of the soil of the district.
		The Darwen coal seams were gradually worked out during the last half of the nineteenth century and by 1900 mining was almost totally confined to the east side of the town, mainly in the Waterside and Hoddlesden districts.
		Clear evidence of coal mining that was underway during the mid-1800s is shown in the 1846 Ordnance Survey map of the Eccleshill area.
	www.grimshaworigin.org /WebPages/CoalEccl.htm (1364 words)

	Former Mining Communities of the Cherokee-Crawford Coal Field of Southeastern Kansas, by William Powell, Summer 1972, ...
		Underground mining was instrumental in the historical development of the Cherokee-Crawford coal field by having a stimulating impact upon employment, demographic movements, the network of transportation, commerce, and forms of settlement within the coal field (Figure 1).
		The major coal companies, usually owning the coal-bearing land and the structures of the camps, were better able to direct and control the operations of the mines if their employees were quartered in nearby camps.
		The first camps were located in the southern portion of the coal field in the late 1870's and spread towards the northeast into Crawford county as the field was extended and developed.
	www.kshs.org /publicat/khq/1972/72_2_powell.htm (4360 words)

	On the Formation of Coal (1870)
		The purer coals certainly consist principally of cubical tissues with some true woody matter, and the spore cases, andc., are chiefly in the coarse and shaly layers.
		Coal, such as that which has been described, is [147] always found in sheets, or "seams," varying from a fraction of an inch to many feet in thickness, enclosed in the substance of the earth at very various depths, between beds of rock of different kinds.
		What are now known [154] as coal districts owe their importance to the fact that they were areas of slow depression, during a greater or less portion of the carboniferous epoch; and that, in virtue of this circumstance, Mother Earth was enabled to cover up her vegetable treasures, and preserve them from destruction.
	aleph0.clarku.edu /huxley/CE8/Coal.html (4303 words)

	Coal in Virginia
		Coal was mined in the 1700's from the Triassic Basin west of Richmond/Petersburg, but the small size of that coal field limited its importance to the local market.
		Because the coal fields in Virginia are concentrated in the southwestern part of the state, the
		The coal beds were compressed by overlying sediments that washed off the new Appalachian Mountains, and in soime cases the coal beds were pushed west as the mountains were formed.
	www.virginiaplaces.org /geology/coal.html (775 words)

	Pakistan's coal resources -DAWN - Business; 20 September, 2004
		The rank of the coal ranges from lignite-B to sub-bituminous-A. The Lakhra coal-field in Dadu District, lies 16 km to the west of Khanot railway station on the Kotri-Dadu section of the Pakistan Railways.
		Three coal seams are established in the field but generally only the middle seam is known, as Lailian bed possesses the necessary persistence and thickness for consideration in large-scale mining.
		Coal under pressure and high temperature, in the presence of steam and oxygen is converted to raw gas.
	www.dawn.com /2004/09/20/ebr10.htm (1772 words)

	ISGS Coal in Illinois
		The ISGS Coal Section is primarily concerned with the study of the coalbearing Pennsylvanian rocks in the Illinois coal field that underlie 37,000 square miles or 68% of the state.
		This demonstrated coal reserve base is the second largest in the United States and, for bituminous coal, is the largest in the nation.
		Finally, coal provides nearly $1 billion dollars a year to the economy of the state, and continued study of coal resources is needed to improve the overall economic outlook of Illinois.
	www.isgs.uiuc.edu /isgshome/coal.htm (264 words)

	Coal Fields of the United States
		Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel resource in the United States.
		Information on coal resources collected by the U.S. Geological Survey is used by government, industry, and public decision-makers who assess and manage the energy resources of the Nation.
		Further information on coal is available from the Department of Energy pages on fossil energy, fossil fuels education, and coal and natural gas electric power systems.
	www.nationalatlas.gov /MLD/coalfdp.html (175 words)

	NMBGMR - Natural Resources Research: Coal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Coal is an important contribution to New Mexico's state budget, the third largest source of revenues from mineral and energy production.
		Both the coal thickness and quality files have been used by several researchers to evaluate the resources of the different coal fields and coal-bearing formations in New Mexico.
		Coal has been mined in New Mexico since the 1880s and there were many producing underground coal mines from the 1880s until the 1950s, mainly in the San Juan and Raton basins.
	geoinfo.nmt.edu /resources/coal/home.html (2638 words)

	The Tennessee Coal Fields (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This area was known as the South Tennessee Coal Fields and was part of the Great Appalachian field, which extends from northern Pennsylvania to central Alabama.
		The coal field of Tennessee is the Cumberland Plateau, which extends in a northeast and southwest direction across the state.
		The first train arrived in Dunlap in 1888 and with this historical event, the removal of the county's coal and timber resources could easily and efficiently be transported to Chattanooga's industries and other locations which until then proved too expensive and unprofitable for development of the region's coal reserves.
	www.cokeovens.com /coalfields.htm (374 words)

	A History of Coal Mining in Las Animas County, Colorado
		In Colorado it is contiguous with the Walsenburg coal field to the north in Huerfano County.
		The Trinidad coal field is located in the western half of Las Animas County bounded on the east by the beginning of the eastern high plains and on the west by the sharply upturned strata of the synclinal basin.
		Geologically, the field is a synclinal basin with its axis near the western margin.
	sangres.com /history/coalhistory01.htm (1627 words)

	Welcome to Coal People Magazine
		UK coal, Britain’s largest coal mine, returned a profit in the final quarter of 2005 for the first time since 2000 and shares in Drax, Europe’s largest coal-fired power station in North Yorkshire, have risen by almost 70 percent.
		Japan’s thermal coal imports are forecast to increase from 114 million tons in 2006 to 115 million tons in 2007.
		Thermal coal imports from India are forecast to reach 27 million tons in 2006 and 30 million tons in 2007, compared with 20.5 million tons in 2005.
	www.coalpeople.com /worldwide_news.htm (2186 words)

	PANHANDLE FIELD
		The Pittsburgh Seam was and is the main coal in the Panhandle field.
		In this photo part of the old Windsor mine is seen in front of a newer conveyor bringing coal from a recently active part of the coal mining operations.
		A 1922 battle in Cliftonville between the striking miners and Brooke County deputies resulted in the death of the sherriff and the destruction of the tipple.
	www.coalcampusa.com /nowv/panhandle/panhandle.htm (360 words)

	Post-development
		In order to address aspects of the abandoned coal mine issue, the USGS and the Colorado Geological Survey (CGS) have jointly undertaken the development of digital map coverages based on previous studies pertaining to the location and distribution of abandoned underground coal mines in the Boulder-Weld coal field north and northwest of Denver.
		The coal field is located within Boulder and Weld counties, and extends for some 20 to 25 miles from Marshall in the southwestern part of the coal field to areas just north and east of the tri-cities area of Dacono, Frederick, and Firestone (fig.
		In most areas of the coal field, bedrock faults are not expressed on the ground surface because of the extensive Quaternary deposits that cover much of the area.
	rockyweb.cr.usgs.gov /frontrange/energy/coal/postdevelopment_body.htm (778 words)

	Coal Division
		The Oklahoma Department of Mines Coal Division is dedicated to protecting the environment of the State of Oklahoma, to protecting the health and safety of the miner and to protecting the life, health, and property of citizens who are affected by mining or mining activities through the enforcement of state mining and reclamation laws.
		Coal is a major source of energy in Oklahoma and in the nation.
		This process goes on until all the coal on the permit is mined, or all coal that is economically feasible to mine is mined.
	www.mines.state.ok.us /id20.htm (2187 words)

	KANAWHA-COAL RIVER FIELD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Commercial mining in the field began at Cannelton in the 1850s, and the Kanawha field is currently the No. 1 producing coal field in the state.
		Also, Conley lumps other areas in with the Kanawha Field, but these regions actually contain the coal seams mined in the northern part of the state, and as such are the southern most extent of these coals.
		Since the coals mined in these areas are different from that mined in the southern part of the Kanawha Field, I have divded the coalfield into upper and lower portions on the map.
	www.coalcampusa.com /sowv/kanawha/kanawha.htm (167 words)

	An Introduction to the History of the Coal Industry in West Virginia
		Although few contemporary writers have explained the virtues, or the importance of the coal fields of the plateau regions, the coal entrepreneurs of the era were well aware of its potential.
		The five-foot to six-foot tall seams of coal found in the plateau areas were almost twice as high as the typical three-foot tall coal seams found in the Gorge.
		When the coal industry began to decline in the 1950's, mines began to close and the economies of most of the towns in coal counties of Southern West Virginia would never be the same.
	www.wva-usa.com /history/mthope/coal.php (2382 words)

	North Carolina Collection-This Month in North Carolina History - Carolina Coal Company Mine Explosion
		The presence of Deep River coal was first noted in print in 1820 in a letter to the American Journal of Science by Professor Denison Olmsted, chair of chemistry, mineralogy, and geology at the University of North Carolina.
		The Deep River Coal Field is the only noteworthy source of coal in the state.
		Coal was mined at three towns within a four-and-a-half mile band, all within close proximity of the Deep River: Egypt, Gulf (upstream to the west of Egypt) and Farmville (downstream and directly to the east of Egypt).
	www.lib.unc.edu /ncc/ref/nchistory/may2005 (970 words)

	BLM Colorado - Uncompahgre Field Office - Coal Leasing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The UFO manages active federal coal leases for all BLM managed coal in the southern half of the state of Colorado.
		Although each mine controls coal reserves having a ratio of federal coal mixed with fee coal, about 80% of the production is federal coal, and as time goes by the fee coal will be depleted, leaving only federal coal available in the reserve base.
		Some federal coal leases have a 5% royalty by virtue of difficult geologic and engineering conditions; however, most of the coal is mined at an 8% royalty.
	www.co.blm.gov /ubra/CoalLeasing.htm (261 words)

	Current.org \| Coal mine field trip
		"Coal mining is a much different occupation than it was 20 to 30 years ago," said Danny Wooten, one of the mine managers who appeared in the KET telecast.
		The one-hour field trip, transmitted Dec. 5 on KET's Star Channels satellite system to 400 classrooms across the state, also featured computer animation of how coal was formed and descriptions of how it is converted to electricity.
		Coal mining is a $4 billion industry in Kentucky that employed about 95,500 people statewide in 1994, according to the council.
	www.current.org /local/Lo523ket.html (876 words)

	Eyak Preservation Council \| Bering River Coal Field
		On the eastern portion of the Copper River Watershed, the Bering River region lies situated between the Wrangell-St. Elias Mountains and National Park to the north and east, and the Gulf of Alaska to the south.
		Rich in coal and timber resources the Bering River coalfield immediately became the focus of the “Alaska Syndicate”, JP Morgan and Guggenheim’s efforts to mine the coal deposit to fuel the industrial expansion into the Alaska interior.
		Coal extraction from the Bering River coalfield breeds disastrous implications not only for the Bering River region, but also for the entire Copper River watershed.
	www.redzone.org /pages/bering_coal.htm (1577 words)

	KY Coal Facts - Kentucky Coal Resources
		There are more than 80 named coal beds in the Eastern Kentucky coal field which covers parts of 37 counties.
		Three-fourths of the remaining coal resources in EKY are not considered to be part of the “DRB”.
		Kentucky coal resource values are considered by some to be too high of a value while the Eastern Kentucky "DRB" value was increased but is still rejected by some as being too low, (see U.S. Coal Reserves).
	www.coaleducation.org /Ky_Coal_Facts/coal_resources/ky_resources.htm (418 words)

	2004 International Coalbed Methane Symposium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Field trip three is to a coalbed methane field under evelopment in northern Tuscaloosa county.
		Coal and coalbed methane resources are in the Lower Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation, which was deposited in a spectrum of environments, including braided streams, deltas, and tidal sand banks.
		Black Warrior Methane Corp. was founded in 1981 and produces gas in the Brookwood field in concert with the underground mining operations of Jim Walter Resources, Incorporated.
	bama.ua.edu /~coalbed/cm_7_04.html (578 words)

	Eastern Mountain and Coal Field by CKKD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One of Kentucky's two major coal deposits, the eastern coal field, lies beneath part of the appalachian Plateau.
		Coal and oil, found in Eastern coal fields are the states most valuable minerals.
		Coal provided heat and fuel form American homes, steel mills, and factories.
	www.expage.com /blackgold (330 words)

	Today in History: October 3
		The country relied on coal to power commerce and industry and anthracite or "hard coal" was essential for domestic heating.
		When he met with miners and coal field operators in Washington that day, Roosevelt became the first president to personally intervene in a labor dispute.
		While United Mine Workers of America president John Mitchell agreed to negotiate, the coal field operators reiterated their opposition to the miners' demands generally and to the union specifically.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/oct03.html (1886 words)

	POCAHONTAS EXHIBITION COAL MINE &MUSEUM
		Step into the historic Pocahontas Exhibition Coal Mine; listen as guides explain the story of mining the famous Pocahontas Number Three coal, and how the hand-loading era of the industry slowly succumbed to mechanization, and how the coal produced the energy which made this country great.
		Any history of Pocahontas, Virginia must necessarily be a history of the Pocahontas Coal Field.
		Just outside of town, the Pocahontas Operators Association reserved 875 feet of the original coal seam as an exhibit so that people could see the old methods of coal mining by hand loading.
	wvweb.com /www/pocahontas_mine (600 words)

	Western Coal Fields - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Regions of Kentucky, with the Western Coal Fields shown in brown
		The Western Coal Fields of Kentucky compose an area in the west-central part of the state, bounded by the Dripping Springs Escarpment.
		It is characterized by sandstones, shales and coal seams.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Western_Coal_Fields (112 words)

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