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Coal mining - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coal mining is the extraction of coal from the earth for use as fuel. The most economical method of coal extraction from coal seams depends on the depth and quality of the seams, and also the geology and environmental factors of the area being mined. As the coal is exposed and extracted, the overburden from the still covered coal fills the former pit, and the strip progresses. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coal_mining   (1668 words)

Coal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coal (previously referred to as pitcoal or seacoal) is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (surface mining). Coal composition is determined by specific coal assay techniques, and is performed to quantify the physical, chemical and mechanical behaviour of the coal, including whether it is a good candidate for coking coal. Coal and coal waste products including fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue gas desulferization contain many heavy metals, including arsenic, lead, mercury, nickel, vanadium, beryllium, cadmium, barium, chromium, copper, molybdenum, zinc, selenium and radium, which are dangerous if released into the environment. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coal   (4220 words)

Sydney Gas Limited - What is Coal Seam Gas? Coal Seam Gas (CSG) is a natural gas formed as a by-product during the coalification process whereby organic matter is turned into coal. To produce the gas, a hole is drilled down into the coal seam, and the area of coal exposed to the hole is increased by fracturing the coal seam with water and sand. The Casing is perforated at the depth of the coal seam, to isolate the gas extraction zone. www.sydneygas.com /content.php/3.html   (905 words)

Mineral Resources - Minfact 44   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) Coal seam methane is also commercially produced in the Commonweath of Independent States, China, France, Belgium and Poland. Within coal mines methane is drained ahead of the mining by drilling holes along the coal seams ahead of the mining. Coal seam methane has the potential for use as reticulated gas, as a fuel for generation of electricity and vehicles and as a feedstock for the production of methanol and chemicals such as ammonia, polymers, resins, cleaning materials, paint removers, herbicides,and fungicides. www.minerals.nsw.gov.au /prodServices/minfacts/minfact_44   (832 words)

Coal Bed Methane Frequently Asked Questions   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) Often a coal seam is saturated with water, with methane is held in the coal by water pressure. Coal bed methane exists only in areas where the dominant chemistry of the water in the coal seam is sodium bicarbonate and where the coal seam is buried deeply enough to maintain sufficient water pressure to hold the gas in place. Coal seams are the most regionally continuous geologic unit in the Powder River Basin and have aquifer characteristics equal to or better than sandstones, so are frequently targeted for water-well completions. waterquality.montana.edu /docs/methane/cbmfaq.shtml   (4188 words)

COAL SEAM METHANE The 1987 SPE Paper "Reservoir Engineering in Coal Seams: Part 1 - The Physical Process of Gas Storage and Movement in Coal Seams", written by Sigra's managing director, was a landmark in presenting an understanding of the unique characteristics of coal seams, especially permeability variations related to effective stress variations. An Australian perspective on the development of Coal Seam Methane is given in the article "Coal Seam Methane in Australia", from the June 2002 issue of Oil and Gas Australia. The paper "Surface to In-Seam Drilling from Surface for Methane Drainage and Exploration" summarises the latter. www.sigra.com.au /csm.html   (889 words)

What is Coal Seam Methane? Coal seam methane gas is a hydrocarbon composed of four hydrogen ions around a central carbon atom to form a methane molecule (CH4). Coal seam methane refers to the source of the methane, but the gas is indistinguishable from conventional natural gas. Coal seams are usually saturated with water and the water’s hydrostatic pressure keeps the methane adsorbed on the coal. www.tri-starpetroleum.com.au /02_what_is_csm/what_csm.htm   (294 words)

mining coal The continuous miner breaks the coal from the face and then conveys it to a waiting shuttle car which transports it to the conveyor belt to be moved to the surface. Once the coal is removed, the land is returned to the desired contour and the topsoil is replaced. These orphan mines are systematically being reclaimed under the Surface Mining Act taxes coal producers at the rate of 35 cents a ton for surface mined coal, 10 cents a ton for lignite mined coal, and 15 cents a ton for underground mined coal. www.coaleducation.org /lessons/twe/mcoal.htm   (684 words)

Coal Coal is a fossil fuel created from the remains of plants that lived and died about 100 to 400 million years ago when parts of the earth were covered with huge swampy forests. Coal is classified as a nonrenewable energy source because it takes millions of years to form. Seams of coal--ranging in thickness from a fraction of an inch to hundreds of feet-may represent hundreds or even thousands of years of plant growth. lsa.colorado.edu /essence/texts/coal.htm   (1947 words)

Coal Seam Gas, Gas Supply Queensland - Origin Energy Australia CSG collects in the coal seam by bonding to the surface of coal particles, whereas other natural gas is stored in the pore spaces between grains of sandstone or similar rock. Coal seams in the ground are generally filled with water, and it is the pressure of the water that keeps the gas adsorbed as a thin film on the surface of the coal. The level of gas produced from a coal bed is dependent on the thickness of the coal, gas content, permeability and the depth of the coal seam. www.originenergy.com.au /about/about_subnav.php?pageid=1143   (267 words)

DMR - Mineral Resources - Coal Mining is accomplished by removing overburden from the coal seam and then blasting and removing the coal. The ratio of overburden excavated to the amount of coal removed is called the overburden ratio. The type of mine constructed depends on the depth of the coal seam and the surrounding terrain. www.mme.state.va.us /dmr/DOCS/MinRes/COAL/coalmining.html   (625 words)

Coal seam gas Coal seam gas (CSG) is usually methane in composition and is typically attached to the coal along its natural fractures and cleats. This gas is released when pressure on the coal seam is reduced, usually after water is removed from the seam. Coal seam gas (also called coal bed methane) is an important energy resource in Queensland and production of this gas now makes up an increasing proportion of Queensland gas demand. www.nrm.qld.gov.au /mines/petroleum_gas/csg/index.html   (261 words)

Bell in Coal In 1944 Newton Anderson claimed to have found this bell inside a lump of coal that was mined near his house in West Virginia. According to Norm Sharbaugh's book Ammunition (which includes a compilation of many such "coal anecdotes") the bell was extensively analyzed at the University of Oklahoma and it was found to contain an unusual mixture of metals, different from any modern usage. Numerous other such accounts have even been recorded, including the intricate gold chain found in coal (Ivan Sanderson’s book Uninvited Visitors) and the cast iron pot found in a coal seam at the Municipal Electric Plant in Thomas, OK (archived at Creation Evidence Museum). www.genesispark.com /genpark/bell/bell.htm   (195 words)

Dinosaur Footprints in Coal The seam has the coalified stumps of trees (the fl, radiating symbols) growing on the coal surface (then peat), fallen logs and branches (the elongate rectangular, outlined symbols), and numerous dinosaur tracks of several species (the 3-lobed, fl symbols). The leaf assemblages are commonly dominated by broad-leaf angiosperm genera with a scattering of palms, conifers, and ferns... Coal mines as localities for studying dinosaur trace fossils. www.talkorigins.org /faqs/coalprints.html   (647 words)

Coal Trusts Royalty Portal And Information   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) Williams coal seam gas royalty trust has a seemly business model it owns royalty interests in coal seam natural gas properties located in the san juan basin of new mexico and colorado. PVR expects the remaining coal reserves to be leased over the next several years, with a gradual increase in coal production and related cash flow from the property. The coal is sub bituminous B to C in rank with heating values estimated at 19 400 kJ kg on a dry basis. www.coal-resource.info /coal-trusts-royalty.html   (1043 words)

Coal Seam Fires by CC on 6/14/2002   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30) I heard that one of the forest fires in Colorado started as a "coal seam" fire which burned for more than 4 years before it started a forest fire this year. It just seems kind of weird that the forest service, being as jittery as they are about fires, would simply let some coal seam burn for 4 years. Also, with coal seams usually being underground and all, why didn't the fire eventually use up all of the oxygen available and simple go out by itself? www.rockhounds.com /rocknet/archive/messages/19099.shtml   (130 words)

Mississippi Coal Seam Natural Gas Project Coal in the Wilcox Group was deposited over a broad coastal plain that extended across Mississippi, into southwest Alabama, and west into Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas (Figure 1) (Rainwater, 1960, 1964; Galloway, 1968, 2000; Cleaves,1980; O'Neil, 1988). The lower Wilcox ranks highest for CSG potential as that subsurface coal deposits are confined to a 100-200 foot interval with average thickness estimated between 10-40 feet. Coal seams in the upper Wilcox are stacked vertically over approximately 1500 feet of section, making the upper Wilcox a secondary CSG objective. www.olemiss.edu /depts/mmri/programs/coalseam.html   (980 words)

Spring Gully Coal Seam Gas development - Origin Energy Australia Spring Gully in central Queensland is a large, world-class accumulation of Coal Seam Gas (CSV). As these projects provide an opportunity for rapid coal seam gas expansion, Origin plans an aggressive development program over the next few years in order to capture the growth potential in the Queensland market. Stage 1 of the Spring Gully CSG Development project includes the drilling and completion of approximately 50 coal seam gas wells and the installation of associated surface infrastructure including 150 km of water and gas gathering lines, the construction of a 36 TJ/day gas processing plant and the supply of water storage facilities. www.originenergy.com.au /about/subnav_section.php?pageid=1511   (297 words)

EAPEI SEA 02 Coal Seam Fire Suppression This assistance was provided to establish a capability for quick action on those fires which present a threat to human health and safety, the environment, other resources, and infrastructure and to assist in establishing a long-term capability within the Ministry of Mines and Energy to respond to coal/peat fires. · Coal and peat fire reconnaissance was undertaken and comprehensive inventory developed of coal seam fires in the Indonesian Province of East Kalimantan. The decree clarifies the Ministry’s responsibility to extinguish coal fires, assigns the lead for implementing the program to Kanwil offices (regional offices of the Ministry) and authorizes use of the Coal Royalty Fund to support the activities. eapei.home.att.net /Activities/SEAEI/SEA-02.htm   (535 words)

Purus Energy Limited - Developing Coal Seam Gas Resources Purus was formed in 2002 and raised $2 million in seed capital to explore for Coal Seam Methane (CSM) in Victoria. Also referred to as coal bed gas or coal seam gas, coal seam methane is gas that is trapped in the micropores of a coal seam and is held there by pressure from the surrounding rock and water. The company successfully identified Killara Coals in the Onshore Otway Basin as a source of large quantities of CSM and took the opportunity to take a large acreage position in the Basin. www.purus.com.au   (268 words)

Queensland power package relies on coal seam methane The Queensland government has launched a $500m power infrastructure package, including a pipeline sourcing coal seam methane from the Bowen Basin in North Queensland to a gas fired power station at Yabulu, near Townsville. The proposal by Enertrade involves development by gas supply company CH4 of a new coal seam methane production field near Moranbah and construction of a 391km, 250mm diameter pipeline from the field to Townsville and Yabulu. No part of this material may be reproduced, translated, transmitted, framed or stored in a retrieval system for public or private use without the written permission of the publisher. www.ferret.com.au /articles/2D/0C00E02D.asp   (218 words)

From Crimson to Coal Seam In the seventies, as in the twenties, almost every UMW battle with the coal operators had an internecine aspect. A growing wildcat-strike movement in the coal fields--over unresolved workplace problems--put the reformers in the uncomfortable position of trying to curb the militancy of members frustrated with the pace of change. His book traces Hapgood's personal and political odyssey from a privileged WASP family to the coal mines of western Pennsylvania and then active engagement in some of the most high-profile labor struggles of the twenties, thirties and forties. www.thenation.com /doc/20000320/early   (775 words)

Glenwood Springs Post Independent - Valley News Despite recent rain, fire conditions are as severe now as they were on June 8, 2002, when the Coal Seam Fire devastated more than 12,000 acres in and around Glenwood Springs. Ross Wilmore, Fire Management Officer for public land east of Glenwood, said grasses pose a significant fire threat, and the scar that the Coal Seam Fire left on Glenwood's hillsides still has the potential to burn. But, "that fire scar there is not going to burn with the same kind of intensity as the Coal Seam because the gambel oak is a lot younger," he said, adding that the "leaf litter" beneath those scrubby oak trees has not accumulated to be as flammable as litter beneath mature oak stands. www.postindependent.com /article/20060609/VALLEYNEWS/106090035   (794 words)

AJ Lucas Group - Company Profile Lucas entered the Australian underground coal drilling market in August 2000 with the establishment of Lucas Coal Technologies. The company has also developed techniques for extracting and collecting this gas by drilling to the coal from the surface - 'surface to in-seam' (SIS) drilling, based on research Lucas began in 1995. The pressing need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, plus the sheer value of the resource (estimated at $200 billion), will make coal seam methane a major resource for the future. www.lucas.com.au /index.cfm?section=1&homeContentID=28   (1016 words)

Williams Coal Seam Gas Royalty Trust News Williams Coal Seam Gas Royalty Trust News continually updated from thousands of sources around the net. Bank of America, N.A., as trustee of Williams Coal Seam Gas Royalty Trust, on 4 August declared a quarterly cash distribution of USD0.231941 per unit to the holders of its units of beneficial interest. DALLAS, Feb. 3 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Bank of America, N.A., as trustee of Williams Coal Seam Gas Royalty Trust, today announced a quarterly cash distribution to the holders of its units of beneficial... www.topix.net /com/wtu   (308 words)

Planet Ark : Australia's Origin Acquires Coal Seam Methane Interests As natural gas resources decline, Australia's coal-seam methane is seen as an alternative, alongside overseas sources such as Oil Search Ltd's Papua New Guinean gas pipeline that could deliver gas from the small Pacific island nation into Queensland. Australia, the world's largest coal exporter and one of the first countries to begin commercialisation of coal-seam methane, has large coal deposits along the length of its eastern seaboard, with current government projections suggesting the resource can sustain production for the next 200 years. Methane is held in coal-seam cracks and its extraction offers reduced greenhouse emissions, safer mining conditions and a valuable source of fuel in times of soaring energy costs. www.planetark.com /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/34799/story.htm   (439 words)

Williams Coal Seam Gas Royalty Trust shares from FramedShare.co.uk • The genuine Williams Coal Seam Gas Royalty Trust share certificate will be delivered separately from the gift box once issued from the stock market. This is because the share certificate is registered in your name or the name of a friend if you want to make this a gift. Williams Coal Seam Gas Royalty Trust (the Trust) was formed as a business trust to acquire and hold certain net profits interests (the Royalty Interests) in proved natural gas properties located in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado (the Underlying Properties). www.framedshare.co.uk /Product.asp?shareid=1518   (515 words)

Planet Ark : Australian Companies Investing in Coal-Seam Gas Also on Wednesday, coal-seam gas producer Arrow Energy NL and energy infrastructure company Alinta Limited signed a A$27 million deal to build a 27.4 megawatt gas-fired power station in Queensland. And on Monday Beach Petroleum Ltd. said it would spend A$35 million for Arrow's ongoing gas exploration efforts in coal seams in Queensland's Surat Basin. In a boost to the industry, the Queensland government has required that by January, 13 percent of electricity to be generated by gas, of which around 25 percent is sourced from coal seams. www.planetark.com /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/32519/story.htm   (765 words)

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