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Topic: Coal tar

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Coal

Bituminous coal

Creosote

Coaldust

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Calorific Value of Coal

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Kathleen Lonsdale

Tertiary Amine

	COAL-TAR - LoveToKnow Article on COAL-TAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The ordinary yield of tar in the manufacture of coal-gas is between 4 and 5% of the weight of the coal.
		All tars also mechanically retain a certain quantity of water (or rather gas-liquor), say, 4% on the average, which is very obnoxious during the process of distillation, as it leads to bumping, and therefore ought to be previously removed by prolonged settling, preferably at a slightly elevated temperature, which makes the tar more fluid.
		Very thick viscous tars are beet mixed with thinner tars, and the whole is gently heated by coils of pipes through which the heated water from the oil-condensers is made to flow.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CO/COAL_TAR.htm (7121 words)

	Coal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by deep mining, coal mining (open-pit mining or strip mining).
		Coal is thought ultimately to derive its name from the Old English col but this actually meant charcoal at the time; coal was not mined prior to the late Middle Ages; i.e.
		Coal is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coal (2465 words)

	Coal tar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Coal tar is the liquid by-product of the distillation of coal to make coke.
		Coal tar is very viscous brown or fl liquid, with smell of naphthalene and aromatic hydrocarbons.
		It can be made into coal tar soap, and is used in medicated shampoo to kill and repel head lice and as a treatment for dandruff and psoriasis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coal-tar (171 words)

	Town gas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prior to the development of natural gas supplies and transmission in the United States during 1940s and 1950s, virtually all fuel and lighting gas was manufactured, and the byproduct coal tars were at some times an important chemical feedstock for the chemical industries.
		In the earliest days of MGP operations, coal tar was considered a waste and often disposed into the environment in and around the plant locations.
		While uses for coal tar developed by the late-1800s, the market for tar varied and plants that could not sell tar at a given time could store tar for future use, attempt to burn it as fuel for the boilers, or dump the tar as waste.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coal-gas (1756 words)

	Creosote - NSC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Coal tar creosote is the most widely used wood preservative in the United States, and is used as a wood preservative and water-proofing agent for log homes, railroad ties, telephone poles, marine pilings, and fence posts.
		Coal tar is slightly soluble in water; it mostly dissolves in benzene; it partially dissolves in alcohol, ether, chloroform, acetone, and pet.
		Synonyms for coal tar are crude coal tar, and pixalbol.
	www.nsc.org /library/chemical/Creosote.htm (1542 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Wood Creosote, Coal Tar Creosote, Coal Tar, Coal Tar Pitch, and Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles
		Coal tar and coal tar pitch are usually thick, fl, or dark-brown liquids or semisolids with a smoky odor.
		Coal tar, coal tar pitch, and coal tar pitch volatiles are used for roofing, road paving, aluminum smelting, and coking.
		Coal tar creosote is released to water and soil mainly as a result of its use in the wood preservation industry.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts85.html (1100 words)

	coal tar -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Coal tar and coke (qq.v.) are obtained as by-products.
		Coal tar, a fl, sticky liquid thicker than water, is produced when coal is heated in the absence of air, a process called destructive distillation.
		Much coal tar is produced by the steel industry as it produces millions of tons of coke each year to fuel the furnaces used in separating iron from its ores.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9024505?tocId=9024505 (741 words)

	Koppers - Coal Tar Pitch
		Coal Tar built-up roofing provides one of the most durable roofing systems known due to its inherent waterproofing and weathering characteristics.
		Koppers Coal Tar Pitch, the traditional roofing grade coal tar, is manufactured to meet Standard ASTM D 450 Type I. Koppers Coal Tar built-up roofing systems consist of alternate layers of Koppers Coal Tar Roofing Pitch and Koppers Reinforcing Felts, topped with a pouring of Koppers Coal Tar into which is embedded an aggregate surfacing.
		Coal tar provides superior performance in several areas, giving owners a coal tar roofing system with durability levels that are unique in the roofing industry.
	www.koppers.com /htm/PandS_Roof_CTPitch.html (397 words)

	Coal Tar
		Coal processing originated in the 16th century and blossomed in the 18th century.
		Coal tar may not clear psoriasis as quickly as some other agents, but longer periods of remission occur with its use.
		Coal tar and LCD are safely used in creams, lotions, gels, shampoos, and ointments and in combination with lactic or salicylic acid.
	www.ucsf.edu /dpsl/coaltar.html (162 words)

	Coal Tar Sealcoating Specifications
		Composition: The refined coal tar emulsion seal coat is to consist of a mixture of refined coal tar emulsion, water, additive and aggregate, and be proportioned as shown in Table 2.
		The term coal tar has historically referred to the crude coke oven tar produced in the manufacture of steel, and not refined coal tar.
		Refined coal tar RT-12, as defined by ASTM D490, is the grade utilized in the manufacture of refined coal tar emulsion pavement sealer.
	www.pavementpro.org /coaltar.htm (3461 words)

	The Coal Tar Epoxy Information Page
		Coal tar epoxies are essentially a mix of coal tar and epoxy resins (and not all epoxy resins are the same).
		Coal Tar epoxies are also famous for protection from moisture, both in the water (such as barge hulls) and when buried underground (such as pipelines and underground tanks).
		Coal tar's ability to withstand moisture (old time sailors sealed their boats with tar pitch) is another important plus, but I think good quality, non coal tar epoxies offer just as good moisture sealing.
	www.epoxyproducts.com /coaltar.html (1132 words)

	Psoriasis - Psoriasis Coal Tar
		Coal Tar One of the oldest treatments for psoriasis, coal tar is effective for mild to moderate plaque psoriasis, and new formulations show promise in treating
		Exorex is a coal tar based preparation, the oldest form of treatment for psoriasis, having been used for over 50 years.
		Coal tar in one form or another has been used to treat psoriasis for hundreds of years it is an incredibly complex chemical compound and it is till not known
	www.psoriasislab.com /PsoriasisCoalTar (657 words)

	Dave's Psoriasis Info - Coal Tar Index
		Coal tar has been a dermatological treatment for over 150 years, both by itself and in combination with other treatments (mixing steroids with coal tar is not uncommon).
		While occupational exposure to coal tar (miners, asphalt workers, or chimneysweeps for example) may be responsible for some lung, skin, and scrotal cancers, as of 1996, no relationship between even high therapeutic dosages of coal tar for psoriasis and any form of cancer had been established.
		Coal tar should not be confused with pine tar or juniper tar, both of which were banned in 1990 by the FDA from over-the-counter products for dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis due to a lack of proof that they were effective.
	www.psorsite.com /coaltar.html (1591 words)

	Coal Tar Final
		The carcinogenic weight-of-evidence of pharmaceutical grade coal tar was evaluated by considering two types of evidence: primary evidence consisting of epidemiology and animal studies, and secondary evidence consisting of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies.
		Clear evidence exists that coal tar is carcinogenic to mouse skin and that the PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) fraction is the dominant contributor to carcinogenicity.
		The fraction of coal tar in applied shampoo that remains as a residue (F) is that portion of applied shampoo that remains in contact with the skin.
	www.tera.org /peer/final62000.htm (15677 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Coal Tar (Topical) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Coal tar is used to treat eczema, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and other skin disorders.
		After applying coal tar, protect the treated area from direct sunlight and do not use a sunlamp for 72 hours, unless otherwise directed by your doctor, since a severe reaction may occur.
		Coal tar may stain the skin or clothing.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202158.html (1276 words)

	C&EN: From Coal Tar to Crafting a Wealth of Diversity
		Coal in Britain and subsequently in many other countries provided the energy and steam to run the railroad locomotives and steamships of the early-19th century, and it provided the energy to heat homes.
		And the process of heating coal to make coke-a raw material in the manufacture of high-carbon steel-also produces a number of chemically useful gases and by-products: coal tar, ammonia, and benzene.
		And interest in utilizing coal in a clean and efficient manner to displace petrochemical feedstocks was revived with Eastman Chemical's start-up in 1983 of a coal-to-acetyl chemicals plant in Tennessee.
	pubs.acs.org /hotartcl/cenear/980112/coal.html (10866 words)

	Coal Tar Ban in California?
		Denorex is pulling its coal tar products from shelves in California, and has already changed the active ingredient in one of its shampoos to salicylic acid in a move toward settling the lawsuit.
		It is possible to imagine a "fl market" for coal tar products, with people crossing state lines in search of a stash -- much the same way people leave a dry county in search of a stiff drink.
		Coal tar is an inexpensive and readily available part of my treatment regimen.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/12798/87390 (450 words)

	Coal Tar Systems from Garland
		For well over a century now, coal tar has been providing one of the most durable roofing systems available due to its inherent water and chemical resistant properties.
		These products are modified with a revolutionary new polymer which maintains or improves upon the advantages of conventional coal tar while reducing most of the negatives associated with coal tar.
		A More Environmentally Friendly Coal Tar- Independent EPA testing has shown Black• Knight (sold as Black•Stallion® in Canada) to eliminate a minimum of 50% of the volatile emissions typically present in coal tar emissions.
	www.garlandco.com /coal-tar-systems.html (518 words)

	coal tar pitch volatiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Contained in coal and formed in the destructive distillation (coking) of coal, PAHs volatilize, or turn to vapor, when coal is heated as it is in coke ovens.
		OSHA calls them Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles (CTPVs) because, by definition, they come from both coke ovens and coal tar, which is derived from the coking process.
		Coal tar photosynthetically changes in sunlight and when it contacts the skin in the presence of sunlight it may cause irritation that takes the form of redness resembling a bad sunburn.
	www.lehigh.edu /kaf3/public/www-data/background/ctpv.html (783 words)

	Summers Labs: Cutar Emulsion - coal tar solution to help stop itching, redness and scaling caused by psoriasis.
		Basically the goals of using a coal tar product like Cutar and topical steroids are the same: to control itching, scaling, inflammation and redness.
		Patients who get relief from tar, generally stay better for longer periods of time, during and after their course of treatment with tar.
		This combination delivers both tar and very effective moisturizing action many patients have found to be an extremely effective, but very safe, approach for controlling their psoriasis.
	www.sumlab.com /Shop/psoriasis/cutar.asp (481 words)

	Coal Tar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Coal tar is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older patients than it does in younger persons.
		Before you use coal tar, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
		After applying coal tar, protect the treated area from sunlight for 72 hours, and be sure to remove all coal tar before being exposed to sunlight or using a sunlamp.
	www.wholehealthmd.com /refshelf/drugs_view/1,1524,682,00.html (512 words)

	Coal Tar Shampoo Litigation
		A February 22, 2001 letter from the Food and Drug Administration rejected a citizen's petition filed by Perry Gottesfeld, seeking to have coal tar containing dandruff shampoos restricted to prescription status, and carry cancer warnings.
		In addition, it is not clear how the type of coal tar used in this study relates chemically to the types used in OTC drug products, which must meet the monograph and compendia1 (United States Pharmacopeia) standards.
		The consent judgment contained a limitation on the concentrations of both coal tar solution and benzo(a)pyrene; if reformulation were unsuccessful, the products would bear Prop 65 warnings.
	www.calprop65.com /coaltar.html (460 words)

	Coal Ties Tar Science Panel, Groups Say ~ Newsroom ~ News from CSPI
		A newly appointed National Academy of Sciences (NAS) panel that will study the environmental impact of disposing coal combustion waste in mines is rife with members who have ties to the mining, coal and electric utility industries, according to 42 environmental organizations.
		Industry claims the disposal is safe, but many scientists point to significant damage from coal combustion waste when toxic chemicals from the ash escape to water.
		Coal ash can leach 17 heavy metals, including arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, selenium, as well as boron, sulfate and chloride.
	www.cspinet.org /new/200410261.html (471 words)

	Psoriasis Hall of PShame
		Since a 1990 OTC ingredients ban however, only coal tar and salicylic acid may be legally claimed to have a benefit for the treatment of psoriasis.
		The carcinogenic effects of coal tar are not mentioned at all.
		While the safety of standard coal tar is still controversial in medical circles, IMX has offered no evidence of safety testing for this "enhanced" penetration.
	www.pinch.com /skin/pshame.html (8476 words)

	Buildings: Keeping on Top of It.(coal tar roofing)(Brief Article)@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Coal tar built-up roofing has proven superior performance for more than 140 years.
		Therefore, be aware of the most commonly encountered maintenance requirements of a coal tar membrane system.
		When using asphalts and coal tars in conjunction with each other, you should note that the two...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:77757275 (180 words)

	AllRefer.com - coal tar (Organic Chemistry) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - coal tar (Organic Chemistry) - Encyclopedia
		coal tar, product of the destructive distillation of bituminous coal.
		Coal tar can be distilled into many fractions to yield a number of useful organic products, including benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/coaltar.html (190 words)

	HSE Industry sector - Pesticides: Revocation of Approvals fo...
		New information has led the EU to believe that creosote/coal tar creosote may have a greater potential to cause cancer than previously thought and as a precautionary measure the EU has decided to take action to prohibit the use of creosote/coal tar creosote wood preservatives by the general public.
		Creosote and coal tar creosote are complex mixture of coal tar derivatives.
		Creosote and coal tar creosote has been used for the preservation of wood in the UK and in Europe for many years.
	www.hse.gov.uk /pesticides/creosote.htm (2981 words)

	coal tar on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The residual pitch left from the fractional distillation is used for paving, roofing, waterproofing, and insulation.
		Nalon Doubles Its Coal Tar Distillation Capacity And Upgrades High-Purity Naphthalene Technology.
		Comparison of the present coal tar processing situation at home and abroad.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c1/coaltar.asp (327 words)

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