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Topic: Coal-gas

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Coal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by deep mining, coal mining (open-pit mining or strip mining). Coal is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geologic time. Coal is thought ultimately to derive its name from the Old English col but this actually meant charcoal at the time; coal was not mined prior to the late Middle Ages; i.e. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coal   (2465 words)

MSN Encarta - Coal Coal, petroleum, natural gas, and oil shale are all known as fossil fuels because they come from the remains of ancient life buried deep in the crust. In processing plants, the coal is heated in the presence of steam and oxygen to produce synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane used directly as fuel or refined into cleaner-burning gas. Coal originally formed from ancient plants that died, decomposed, and were buried under layers of sediment during the Carboniferous Period, about 360 million to 290 million years ago. encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558734/Coal.html   (1184 words)

Syngas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coal gasification processes [1] (e.g., the water gas process) are reasonably efficient and were used for many years to manufacture illuminating gas (coal gas) for gas lighting, before electric lighting became widely available. Syngas (from synthesis gas) is the name given to gasses of varying composition that are generated in coal gasification and some types of waste-to-energy facilities. For the most part, the amount of synthetic gas produced in a waste to energy facility is only enough to keep the plant operating. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Syngas   (204 words)

EIA - Forecasts and Analysis of Energy Data With a substantial portion of the increase in China’s demand for both oil and natural gas projected to be met by imports, the Chinese government is actively promoting the development of a large coal-to-liquids industry. Coal imports to Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, taken as a whole, are projected to increase from 237 million tons in 2003 to 239 million tons in 2010 and then decline to 221 million tons in 2025 (Figure 57 and Table 9). Coal is a heterogeneous source of energy, with quality (e.g., characteristics such as heat, sulfur, and ash content) varying significantly from one region to the next and even within an individual coal seam. www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/ieo/coal.html   (6432 words)

A Brief History of the Manufactured Gas Industry in the United States Peale's use of gas lighting was so well received that on July 17, 1816, the City of Baltimore passed an ordinance permitting Peale and his associates to manufacture gas, to lay distribution pipes, and to supply the city with coal gas for street lights. At first coal gas was seen as a novelty, or at most, a source of household illumination employed by the hobbyist who was amused by eccentric technologies. Although coal gas was first produced and consumed in Great Britain in 1792, inventive minds and entrepreneurs in the United States were quick to see the potential value of this fuel source. www.heritageresearch.com /manufactured_gas_B.htm   (1083 words)

Town gas -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article Coal or Coke oven gas typically had a caloric value (CV) between 250–550 (A unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at one atmosphere pressure; equivalent to 251.997 calories) Btu per standard cubic foot (scf), with values around 550btu/scf being typical. Prior to the development of natural gas during (The decade from 1940 to 1949) 1940s and (The decade from 1950 to 1959) 1950s, virtually all fuel and lighting gas was manufactured, and the sideproduct coal tars were an important chemical feedstock for the chemical industries. Manufactured gas is made by two processes: (The destructive distillation of coal (as in coke ovens)) carbonization or (The process of changing into gas) gasification. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/to/town_gas.htm   (1642 words)

Energy Resources: Fossil fuels Coal, Oil and Gas are called "fossil fuels" because they have been formed from the fossilised remains of prehistoric plants and animals. Burning coal produces sulphur dioxide, an acidic gas that contributes to the formation of acid rain. Natural gas provides around 20% of the world's consumption of energy, and as well as being burnt in power stations, is used by many people to heat their homes. www.darvill.clara.net /altenerg/fossil.htm   (554 words)

Business - Putin Backs Coal Against Gas - The St. Petersburg Times. General news from St.Petersburg and Russia The coal industry, once a pillar of the economy, deteriorated rapidly after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Gas monopoly Gazprom sells its gas domestically for 20 percent of the price it offers in Europe. Greater coal use would also revive the problem of acid rain - a direct result of burning coal, according to Yevgeny Shvarts, conservation director at World Wildlife Fund Russia. archive.sptimes.ru /archive/times/799/news/b_7241.htm   (653 words)

coal gas --  Encyclopædia Britannica The carbonization of coal to produce town gas, with coke as a by-product, began commercially in about 1800 after William Murdock had first used gas lighting in England in 1792. Much coal tar is produced by the steel industry as it produces millions of tons of coke each year to fuel the furnaces used in separating iron from its ores. Natural gas is a mixture of flammable gases, mainly the hydrocarbons methane and ethane, that occurs beneath the surface of the Earth. www.britannica.com /eb/article-9024503?tocId=9024503   (880 words)

About C o a l Coal is a complex mixture of organic chemical substances containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in chemical combination, together with smaller amounts of nitrogen and sulfur. Coals in the US range from lignite with approximate as-mined carbon content of 30%, volatile matter 27%, and heating value of 7,000 Btu per pound, to anthracite with an average of 85% carbon, 5% volatile matter, and heating value of 12,750 Btu per pound. Coalification is the name given to the development of the series of substances known as peat, lignite or brown coal, sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, and anthracite. www.bydesign.com /fossilfuels/links/html/coal.html   (226 words)

Petroleum and Coal Water gas formed by the reaction of coal with oxygen and steam is a mixture of CO, CO and H Coal gas is rich in CH and gives off up to 20.5 kJ per liter of gas burned. Coal is unique as a source of energy in the United States, however, because none of the 2118 billion pounds used in 1990 was imported. chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/1organic/coal.html   (2130 words)

Coal Bed Methane Frequently Asked Questions Coal bed methane exists only in areas where the dominant chemistry of the water in the coal seam is sodium bicarbonate and where the coal seam is buried deeply enough to maintain sufficient water pressure to hold the gas in place. The limitations to this method are: 1) there is much disturbance to the coal seam core before gas release is measured; 2) it is expensive and 3) not every region of potential CBM development has been drilled and explored. Currently, natural gas from coal beds accounts for approximately 7% of total natural gas production in the United States. waterquality.montana.edu /docs/methane/cbmfaq.shtml   (4188 words)

The Environmental Literacy Council - Coal Coal cinders in Roman ruins in Britain indicate that coal was used during the period of Roman occupation, from approximately 50 to 450 A.D. Despite this early use of coal, there was little incentive to use coal while wood was plentiful. Coal is the most abundant and the least expensive of the fossil fuels. Coal beds or streams are generally located under a layer of rock in fairly close proximity to the Earth’s surface. www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/18.html   (1421 words)

TIB: Potential for Natural Gas and Coal Dust Explosions in Electrical Power Generating Facilities The primary explosion resulted from an unintentional natural gas buildup in the furnace of an idle power boiler and was followed by a secondary explosion of disturbed coal dust. Technical Information Bulletins - Table of Contents by Year > Potential for Natural Gas and Coal Dust Explosions... This boiler was fired with natural gas, coal, and blast furnace gas to produce steam to power the turbines. www.osha.gov /dts/tib/tib_data/tib20001106a.html   (1323 words)

Boston.com / Business / Utilities look to coal as gas prices rise Coal, spurned for decades by power plant builders, is enjoying something of a renaissance as natural gas prices drive up the cost of generating electricity. Utilities turned to natural gas for new power in the 1990s because the plants are cheaper to build and cleaner to operate than those run on coal. At the current price of about $5.50 per million BTUs, natural gas is not even close to competitive with coal. www.boston.com /business/articles/2004/03/28/utilities_look_to_coal_as_gas_prices_rise?mode=PF   (845 words)

coal gas on Encyclopedia.com gas obtained in the destructive distillation of soft coal, as a byproduct in the preparation of coke. CONSOL Energy Chief Operating Officer Speaks at Coal Forum. Its composition varies, but in general it is made up largely of hydrogen and methane with small amounts of other hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (a poisonous gas), carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. www.encyclopedia.com /html/c1/coalgas.asp   (618 words)

Coal seam gas Coal seam gas (CSG) is usually methane in composition and is typically attached to the coal along its natural fractures and cleats. This gas is released when pressure on the coal seam is reduced, usually after water is removed from the seam. Coal seam gas (also called coal bed methane) is an important energy resource in Queensland and production of this gas now makes up an increasing proportion of Queensland gas demand. www.nrm.qld.gov.au /mines/petroleum_gas/csg/index.html   (249 words)

coal gas The emerging gas is known as coal gas. The heating of coal in the absence of air produces coke (what remained in the horizontal tube), and coal tar (what remained in the upright tube), and ammonia. When the coal appears all burned, allow it to cool, and observe the test tube and the characteristics of the coal. www.coaleducation.org /lessons/twe/coalgas.htm   (212 words)

History Although it was possible to burn gas tars or to dehydrate such, many gas plant operators were dumping unsalable tar-water emulsions to the environment and the problem only worsened with new wartime coke shortages, during which time carburetted water gas plants continued the substitution of soft coals for coke, aggravating the tar-water emulsion problem. The rich literature of manufactured gas was established with the world looking to Britain and already the health sciences were reporting such connected diseases as scrotal cancer among British chimney sweeps, who had close body contact with coal tars in their work. Discharge of gas house residuals, to the atmosphere, the ground and surface waters began to cause reports of death to aquatic life, contamination of drinking water, destruction of crops, and associated health problems. www.hatheway.net /history.htm   (1746 words)

Fossil fuels - Oil, Coal, Gas Crude oil, natural gas and coal are fossil fuels. Coal comes mainly from dead plants which have been buried and compacted beneath sediments. Oil and natural gas are the products of the deep burial and decomposition of dead plants and animals. www.moorlandschool.co.uk /earth/earthresources.htm   (300 words)

About N a t u r a l G a s Gas has the great advantage of producing no smoke or ash on burning, although it is usually much more expensive than coal as a fuel. The gas is found entrapped in the earth's crust at varying depths beneath impervious strata, such as limestone, and may or may not be in association with oil. The gas is drawn from wells, similar to oil wells, and is usually transported by pipelines, sometimes a thousand miles or more. www.bydesign.com /fossilfuels/links/html/natural_gas.html   (256 words)

coalbed_methane.htm Alaska's hypothetical coal resources exceed 5.5 trillion short tons and may contain up to 1,000 TCF (Trillion cubic feet) of gas. Eighteen seams of high-volatile C bituminous coal were encountered, with the thickest being 6.5 feet (2 m) and a net coal thickness of 41 feet (12.5 m). The coal resource varies in rank from bituminous to lignite, and formed in extensive Cretaceous to Tertiary aged basins throughout the state. www.dog.dnr.state.ak.us /oil/programs/shallowgas/coalbed_methane.htm   (391 words)

The Energy Resources Program The American Coal Foundation (ACF) was created in 1981 as a 501(c)(3) organization to develop, produce, and disseminate coal-related educational materials and programs designed for teachers and students. Provide easily accessible geospatial information on the location, quantity, availability, recoverability, and economics of the highest quality American coal and assess coal beds and coal resources for specific uses, such as carbon sequestration, synfuels, coalbed methane, potential National Park or Monument designation, or BLM leasing. Coal Topics, Databases, and related information including material on the National Coal Assessment and Coal on Federal Lands. energy.usgs.gov /coal.html   (284 words)

Vision Engineer - Power From Coal Gas Coal gas can be easily and economically extracted from all grades of coal, including low grade shale. Since there are no IC engine applications which could not be satisfied by coal gas or its components, the UK would never need another teaspoonful of gasoline for any of its engines. By using coal gas, our air supply, even in highly populated areas such as London, would be the cleanest in the world! www.visionengineer.com /mech/coal_gas.shtml   (318 words)

coal gas Gas produced when coal is destructively distilled or heated out of contact with the air. Coal gas has been superseded by natural gas for domestic purposes. Helicon Publishing is a division of Research Machines plc. www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0016452.html   (119 words)

COAL GAS RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF CRETACEOUS AND PALEOGENE COALS OF THE EASTERN GULF OF MEXICO COASTAL PLAIN Available data from conventional oil and gas wells in Louisiana indicate that upper, middle, and lower Wilcox Group coal zones may have potential for coalbed gas accumulations and similar data from Arkansas, Mississippi, and Alabama indicate that gas may be present in coal beds of the lower and middle sections of the Wilcox. In addition, gas accumulations may occur in the coal beds of the upper part of the Midway Group in Mississippi and Alabama. More data are needed to better characterize and assess the coalbed gas potential for the Cretaceous coal beds in this region. gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004NE/finalprogram/abstract_70337.htm   (486 words)

ORGANIC PETROLOGY AND COAL-BED GAS CONTENT, DEEP-BASIN GULF COAST COALS, NORTHERN LOUISIANA To investigate possible relationships between gas content and coal type, maceral modes and vitrinite reflectance were determined for 16 Wilcox Group coal samples cored from 4 coal zones [depths 401-482 m (1,317-1,581 ft); total coal thickness 3.9 m (12.8 ft)] in a coal bed methane test well in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana. Values of effective diffusivity of gas from Wilcox coals show a very narrow range (4.51x10 However, a weak positive correlation is noted between the abundance of attrital huminite macerals and total gas content, whether all samples are considered isorank or on a zone-by-zone basis. gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_78954.htm   (479 words)

Troubled Times: Coal and Coal Gas Coal Gasification, as described, is a simple enough method that something akin to petroleum can be achieved, as a Troubled Times member recalls this was called Producer Gas in Australia during WWII. It makes a lot of sense to use coal, plus there is a simple method to extract gas suitable for lighting from coal (and dry wood). There is a long tradition of using coal for heat and light in many places around the world. www.zetatalk.com /energy/tengy112.htm   (108 words)

AMVEST Corporation - Charlottesville - coal mining,gas production and exploration,coalbed methane mining operations The Company’s profit centers include four coal mining operations that process and ship their production through two coal cleaning and loading facilities, two gas exploration and production companies, a railroad company, and financial investments. AMVEST Osage is involved in the development and production of coalbed methane and conventional oil and gas on a large concession area in northeastern Oklahoma. AMVEST Gas Resources operates and participates in oil and gas exploration in the Mid-Continent and eastern North America. www.amvestcorp.com   (237 words)

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