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Topic: Coalbed methane

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	Methane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pure methane is odorless, but when used as a fuel is usually mixed with small quantities of strongly-smelling sulfur compounds such as ethyl mercaptan to enable the detection of leaks.
		Methane is a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential of 21 (meaning that it has 21 times the warming ability of carbon dioxide).
		Methane is extracted from geological deposits as a "fossil fuel" which is associated with other hydrocarbon fuels.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Methane (820 words)

	Coalbed Methane in the Forest City Basin
		Coalbed methane as an exploited energy resource in other parts of the country has proven to be of great economic value to regional and local governments, and hence to the Nation.
		Methane produced in coal is a byproduct of the coalification process in which plant material is converted to coal, and much of the gas that is generated is retained within the coal matrix.
		Methane analyses performed on samples from 11 coals taken from beds in Kansas and Missouri confirm that coalbed methane is present.
	energy.usgs.gov /factsheets/Forest/forest.html (794 words)

	Black Diamond Energy Coalbed Methane
		Coalbed methane is natural gas or methane (CH4) that occurs in coal beds and has been generated during the conversion of plant material to coal (the process known as coalification).
		Coalbed methane produced from low rank subbituminous coal in the Powder River Coal Field, Wyoming, is composed almost entirely of methane, with a minor amount (1.5 to 2%) of carbon dioxide (CO2).
		Coalbed methane targets are also located in the Almond Formation to depths of 5000 feet in the eastern Green River Coal Field and along the Cherokee Ridge in the southeastern part of that coal field.
	www.blackdiamondenergy.com /coalbed.html (2234 words)

	US EPA - Methane
		Methane (CH) is a greenhouse gas that remains in the atmosphere for approximately 9-15 years.
		Methane is over 20 times more effective in trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide (CO over a 100-year period and is emitted from a variety of natural and human-influenced sources.
		Methane is also a primary constituent of natural gas and an important energy source.
	www.epa.gov /methane (282 words)

	Coalbed Methane--an Untapped Energy Resource in Ohio
		Tremendous amounts of methane gas are generated and stored in the coalbeds of eastern Ohio.
		Coalbed methane (CBM) production is increasing at an exponential rate in the United States.
		An innovative project demonstrating the potential of coalbed gas in Ohio is currently underway at the Nelms-Cadiz Portal underground-coal-mine complex in Harrison County.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /geosurvey/oh_geol/97_summer/methane.htm (455 words)

	Coalbed Methane
		But production of coalbed methane is accompanied by significant environmental challenges, including prevention of unintended loss of methane to the atmosphere during underground mining, and disposal of large quantities of water, sometimes saline, that are unavoidably produced with the gas.
		Coalbed methane can be used as an energy source that is environmentally more acceptable than mining and combustion of coal.
		Coalbed methane accumulations are widespread, commonly basinwide, and are characterized by large in-place resources.
	energy.usgs.gov /factsheets/Coalbed/coalmeth.html (1281 words)

	American Wildlands Coalbed Methane on Bozeman Pass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Coal bed methane in the Bozeman Pass area is trapped in coal beds deep below the earth's surface and held there by water pressure.
		Once the pressure is lowered, methane travels to the surface through wells, while enormous amounts of water are also continuously pumped to the surface.
		In addition, since only a small portion of the potential coalbed methane development area is within a zone district, residents have been working to create additional zoning districts.
	www.wildlands.org /l_coalbed.html (683 words)

	Coalbed Methane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Coalbed methane is natural gas (CH) produced during the decay of the coal (biogenic gas) and during the coalification due to high temperatures acting upon the deeply buried peat (thermogenic gas).
		Coalbed methane comes from wells drilled at least 200 feet down to beds where the gas is still present.
		Most of Wyoming coalbed methane is biogenic as our coal is subbiturninous.
	nasc.uwyo.edu /coal/wyomingcoal/methane.asp (234 words)

	Rocky Mountain Operating Company 1999-A Coalbed Methane article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Coalbed wells generally are stimulated with water- or nitrogen-based fluids and sand, although recently the shallow Mulky coal has been stimulated with 40-lb linear gel and sand.
		A groundbreaking study of the coalbed methane potential of the basin is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and the four respective state geological surveys.
		Coalbed wells generally are cased through the coal section and hydraulically stimulated with 500 to 30,000 lb (average 5,000 lb) of sand proppant.
	www.rmop.com /article.html (3019 words)

	Pennsylvania Geological Survey: Coalbed Methane Reports
		Coalbed Methane - Energy Within Reach, in Lutz, Anne B., ed., Pennsylvania Geology, v.
		Coalbed Methane Resources in Pennsylvania: An Overview, in Sixty-Fourth Annual Appalachian Gas Measurement Short Course, Robert Morris University, Coraopolis, PA, August 17-20, 2004, p.
		Coalbed methane spreadsheet (36 letter-size pages) in cooperation with the Ohio Geological Survey (OGS) for the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership, led by Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /topogeo/cbm/cbm_reports.aspx (563 words)

	Coalbed methane: The lawsuits - billingsgazette.com
		As drilling for coalbed methane slowly picks up in southeastern Montana, legal battles over development of the natural gas continue to pit conservationists, American Indians and landowners against government agencies and developers.
		The appellate court found that water discharges from coalbed methane drilling are a pollutant and that state's cannot exempt them from the Clean Water Act.
		One claim is that the depletion of groundwater aquifers through coalbed methane drilling infringes on the state's trustee obligation to protect and preserve groundwater for current and future generations.
	www.billingsgazette.com /index.php?id=1&display=rednews/2004/01/06/build/state/25-cbmlawsuits.inc (1774 words)

	Coalbed methane contract agreed
		The China United Coalbed Methane Corp Ltd (CUCBM) signed a production-sharing contract with the US firm Asian American Coal Inc in Beijing on Friday to jointly exploit the coalbed-methane resources in North China's Shanxi Province.
		About 240 billion cubic metres of coalbed methane is thought to be in the area, Sun said.
		China could tap coalbed methane as a new clean fuel source to achieve both ecological and economic benefits, Sun said.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2004-07/17/content_349300.htm (365 words)

	Missoulian: B.C. to auction coalbed methane rights
		The winning methane development companies will be granted "tenure," which not only gives them a five-year right to explore but also comes with an obligation to do so.
		The plan to develop coal and coalbed methane in southeastern British Columbia has proved contentious on both sides of the international line.
		Coalbed methane wells usually produce vast amounts of water, much of which is salty and acidic.
	www.missoulian.com /articles/2004/07/10/news/mtregional/news04.txt (495 words)

	Coalbed methane both boom and bust to Wyoming landowners - billingsgazette.com
		The methane is piped away, while most of the sodium-heavy water is routed into stock reservoirs and creeks.
		The rush of coalbed methane development has come on strong since the first wells were drilled in Wyoming in the early 1990s.
		Methane has been so good to the Tweedy family that Joanne sprang into action last summer to protect the industry from attacks by critics.
	www.billingsgazette.com /archive.php?section=local&display=rednews/2001/02/19/build/local/zmain.inc (1869 words)

	CMAA Homepage - Grey motif
		Methane is a by-product of the geologic process that turns organic material into coal
		This coalbed methane is produced in 10 counties in Alabama and accounts for a third of all natural gas produced in the state
		The Coalbed Methane Association of Alabama, a non-profit trade association made up of individuals and companies engaged in the development of coalbed methane resources in Alabama, has promoted the continued development of this valuable resource in the state for more than 11 years
	www.coalbed.com (247 words)

	Coal Bed Methane
		Coalbed Methane in the Forest City Basin, May 1993, U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resource Surveys Program
		Coalbed Methane References - The Society of Organic Petrology
		Coalbed methane could provide more energy in Kansas, KU geologist says - KU Press Release, Dec. 12, 2001
	www.kansasenergy.org /coalbed_methane.htm (192 words)

	Citizens resource for coalbed methane activity in British Columbia
		Dogwood Initiative is offering presentations on coalbed methane in areas of British Columbia targeted for exploration and development.
		Growing pressures must have hit the fan with conflicting coal and coalbed methane tenures, because the government issued a modified regulation setting out procedures and notifications that must take place where conflicting titles do or could co-exist, and setting out a mediation committee.
		The government is proposing to regulate surface discharges of coalbed methane produced water under a Code of Practice, rather than individual permits.
	www.cbmwatch.ca (701 words)

	Montana Coalbed Methane Issues - CBM, Coalbed Methane Natural Gas, Coal Bed Methane,Montana
		Now that coalbed methane is becoming more important in discussions of U.S. energy production, many people are calling for a name change to make the resource more recognizable to the public.
		There is speculation that the concentration of infected birds in Campbell County is linked to the prevalence of coalbed methane drilling there and the volumes of groundwater thereby brought to the surface.
		But so far coalbed methane gas drillers are not required to take any swats in the fields where they're constructing hundreds of new ponds -- potential breeding pads for mosquitoes.
	www.frontiernet.net /~ruthb/CoalbedMethane.html (4540 words)

	Search Tuna Report for coal bed methane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		CBM is generated either from a biological process as a result of microbial action or from a thermal process as a result of increasing heat with depth of the coal....
		Coalbed Methane CBM Is Natural Gas Found In Coal Beds And Used For A Variety Of Purposes That Range From Domestic, Commercial, Industrial To Electrical Power Generation....
		Coalbed Methane CBM Is Now A Major Source Of gas Production In The United States And Is Gaining Importance In Australia, China, Indonesia And Europe...
	www.searchtuna.com /ftlive2/2055.html (2029 words)

	Solutions From the Field - Coalbed Methane Production in the Midcontinent—A New Frontier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The speakers at the Coalbed Methane workshop addressed a variety of exploration, operations and regulatory topics designed to increase understanding of how to find and develop coalbed methane resources in Kansas in a cost-effective manner.
		Coalbed methane wells have increased from 230 in 1993 to over 500 in early 2002.
		All records from coalbed gas metering must be maintained for two years, and the first purchaser of the gas is responsible for reporting sales.
	www.pttc.org /solutions/513.htm (1677 words)

	Alberta Energy and Utilities Board \| EnerFAQs 10
		Coalbed methane (CBM), also known as natural gas from coal, is in the early stages of development.
		Each coalbed basin in the world has proven to be unique, presenting its own set of issues and challenges.
		It consists primarily of methane, the gas we use for home heating, gas-fired electrical generation, and industrial fuel.
	www.eub.gov.ab.ca /BBS/public/EnerFAQs/EnerFAQs10.htm (2124 words)

	US EPA - CMOP
		CMOP is a voluntary program whose goal is to reduce methane emissions from coal mining activities.
		Basic Information – Learn more about methane emissions from coal mining and how CMOP is working collaboratively with industry and other government organizations to reduce emissions.
		Documents Tools, and Resources – Find publications and technical tools that provide information on methane emissions from coal mines and will assist you in developing CMM recovery and use projects by describing available technological options for methane capture and use, evaluating market opportunities, and describing recent CMM developments in the U.S. and abroad.
	www.epa.gov /coalbed (333 words)

	TSOP: Selected References: Coalbed Methane (Full List) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Markowski, A.K., and J.A. Harper, 1998, Geological aspects of coalbed methane in the northern Appalachian coal basin, southwestern Pennsylvania and north-central West Virginia: Pennsylvania Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, Open-File Report 98-13, 72 p.
		Ryan, B., 2003, Overview of the coalbed methane potential of Tertiary coal basins in the interior of British Columbia: British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, Geological Fieldwork 2002, Paper 2003-1, p.
		Stoeckinger, W.T., 1989, Methane from coal in southeast Kansas: the rebirth of an old industry: Proceedings of the 1989 Coalbed Methane Symposium, paper 8964, p.
	www.tsop.org /refs/cbmfull.htm (18106 words)

	Latest Coalbed Methane News from HCN
		Plans for oil, gas and coalbed methane development in northern New Mexico’s Valle Vidal have aroused the opposition of environmentalists, ranchers, hunters, and the Boy Scouts
		Environmentalists and landowners are worried about the use of hydraulic fracturing to extract coalbed methane, but the industry — and the EPA — are carefully protecting the process and its secrets
		Three judges say the BLM illegally leased coalbed methane rights in Wyoming's Powder River Basin without evaluating impacts - a ruling environmentalists say could affect similar leases across the West.
	www.hcn.org /specialcollections/coalbedmethanenews.jsp (621 words)

	Weatherford: Coalbed Methane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		When it comes to releasing gas stored in coalbeds, Weatherford is the answer to cost-effective solutions that cover a multitude of coalbed natural gas conditions and application.
		Our in-depth experience and expertise, plus proven products pave the way to new and enhanced technologies for pumping and dewatering coalbed natural gas more efficiently and effectively.
		Additionally, it incorporates three types of gas shrouding and is easily repaired for reduced operating costs.
	www.weatherford.com /weatherford/groups/public/documents/artificiallift/arl_coalbedmethane.hcsp (239 words)

	BLM Coalbed Methane Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Methane contents and other coal properties from 1,500 samples across the USA
		uring the last decade, Coalbed methane has become an important source of natural gas production in the U.S. But the U.S. Bureau of Mines has been researching coalbed methane for many years, especially the problems caused in underground mines.
		It listed methane content of some 1511 samples from more than 250 coalbeds in 17 states.
	oil.server4.com /blmcoalb.htm (165 words)

	High Country News -- Coalbed Methane Boom
		This time, the fuel of choice is methane gas, which often lies underground along coal seams.
		Spurred by higher gas prices, projected increases in demand and an administration in Washington, D.C., that favors rapid development of energy resources in the West, industry is moving ahead with large-scale plans to tap methane gas in many locations.
		Powder Keg: Coalbed methane splinters the Powder River Basin
	www.hcn.org /specialcollections/coalbedmethane.jsp (242 words)

	Citizens Concerned about Coalbed Methane
		The new CBM water code replaces the previous requirement for a permit to discharge such pollution into the environment.
		A high well density gas project including coal bed methane has been proposed for the Porcupine Hills, one of Alberta's signature landscapes.
		Vancouver - The resource prize is still large but environmental, economic and technical challenges remain before British Columbia's coalbed methane industry can make a material impact on gas production in the province.
	www.cccbm.org (1114 words)

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