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Topic: Coalition (Colombia)

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	Colombia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Colombia’s chief ocean ports, however, lie on the Caribbean coast to the north: Santa Marta, Cartagena, and Barranquilla.
		Colombia settled (1917) its boundary disputes with Ecuador, and in 1934 a border clash with Peru over the town of Leticia was settled by the League of Nations in Colombia’s favor.
		Colombia’s economy began to recover from the setbacks of the early 1970s as economic diversification and incentives to lure foreign capital into the country were initiated.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/Colombia.html (2825 words)

	Polity IV Country Report 2003: Colombia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Despite the chronic political violence in Colombia in recent years, in 1998 Andres Pastrana won the presidency on behalf of the Social Conservative Party (PSC; former Conservative Party) ending the Liberals' 12-year control of the executive office in elections that were considered generally free, fair, and transparent.
		The judiciary is inefficient, severely overburdened by a large case backlog, and undermined by intimidation from non-state actors (guerillas, paramilitaries, drug traffickers) and the prevailing climate of impunity.
		In an effort to stem the tide of guerrilla power in Colombia, the government has become increasingly tied to right-wing paramilitary groups whose primary objectives are to intimidate peasants who are suspected with sympathizing with these organizations and to protect pro-government drug traffickers from their guerrilla rivals.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/polity/Col1.htm (1440 words)

	Global Exchange : Rightist Militias Are a Force in Colombia's Congress
		That may seem odd, since this is a region controlled by a 15,000-member coalition of right-wing paramilitary groups accused by Colombian and American officials of mass murder and cocaine trafficking.
		Colombia's Congress is filled with old-style politicians, mostly men, who range from former guerrillas or labor leaders to aristocrats to statesmen like Senator Rafael Pardo, who is widely respected inside Colombia and abroad.
		Her role is to lobby for a process beneficial to the paramilitary coalition, a group she credits for driving off rebels who killed an uncle and three cousins of hers.
	www.globalexchange.org /countries/americas/colombia/2692.html (995 words)

	SOA Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Colombia Mobilization The Colombia Mobilization is a national coalition of organizations and individuals working to transform U.S. policy toward Colombia and the Andean region.
		Colombia Report Colombia Report is published by the Information Network of the Americas (INOTA), a non-profit organization that provides history and analysis of Latin American political, social and economic issues and U.S. foreign policy in the region.
		Colombia Support Network COLOMBIA SUPPORT NETWORK is a grassroots organization, with 501 (c)(3) status, created to give solidarity to the Colombian people through sister city projects, delegations and petitions to educate members of the U.S. government.
	www.soaw.org /new/links.php (845 words)

	American Freedom Coalition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The American Freedom Coalition (AFC) is a group which seeks to unite conservatives to work toward what it believes are common goals, including anticommunism.
		Civil rights leader Ralph Abernathy of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference served as AFC vice-president until his death in 1990, and two former Congressmen (Richard Ichord and Bob Wilson) are cochairmen.
		The coalition, while independent, receives copious support from the Unification Church.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Freedom_Coalition (159 words)

	Colombia Human Rights Network Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Colombia is one of the most dangerous countries in the world for journalists, with at least 156 reporters killed between 1977 and 2004, according to government figures, AP reports.
		The BBC's correspondent Jeremy McDermott in Colombia says it appears that the authorities have, at the very least, been economical with the truth, noting that the affair has poisoned already strained relations between the two countries.
		Colombia This Week is a news summary produced and distributed by ABColombia Group.
	colhrnet.igc.org /newitems/jan05/ctw.117.htm (1919 words)

	Colombia’s agony, Coca-Cola’s responsibility, Americans’ solidarity Ari Paul - openDemocracy
		While this aid is ostensibly for the purpose of fighting drug cartels, Colombia also uses it to fight the leftwing guerrilla groups, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Farc) and Army of National Liberation (ELN) as well as the rightwing paramilitary faction, the United Self-Defence Groups of Colombia (AUC).
		Peter Clark of the US Office on Colombia has noted that Colombia has the highest rate of assassination of trade unionists in the world and that the bulk of them have been carried out by the rightwing paramilitaries.
		“Colombia is a dangerous place because of its violent internal conflict, which affects union activists and other civilians from all walks of life,” Lori Billingsley, a company spokesperson, told Bloomberg News in March 2005.
	www.opendemocracy.net /democracy-protest/colombia_2790.jsp (1839 words)

	PWHCE - Coalition of the Willing List, Map and Troop Numbers
		This coalition was predictably criticised, particularly by the anti-American Left, as coercive, unilateral and unrepresentative.
		Smaller countries in the Coalition were labelled "token" allies, and ulterior motives were ascribed to various Coalition Governments, despite the respective governments outlining highly plausible reasons for their participation.
		This includes Croatia and Slovenia (signatories to the Vilnius Statement, but not listed as part of the Coalition) and Norway and Sweden, which advocated a war to unseat Saddam Hussein until it became clear the UN would not support such a war, at which point they espoused offical positions of opposition to the war.
	www.pwhce.org /willing.html (3132 words)

	Colombia - Atlapedia Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It is bound by Panama and the Caribbean Sea to the northwest, Venezuela to the northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Ecuador and Peru to the south and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
		(4.) Eastern Colombia which is east of the Andes and comprises the vast Llanos or plains in the northern area as well as the Selvas or jungle forests in the south.
		The coalition restored the people's confidence in the government and as a result the economy improved.
	www.atlapedia.com /online/countries/colombo.htm (1632 words)

	Spotlight on Martha Segura, Colombia
		As executive director of the Confederation, Martha Segura represents Colombia’s largest coalition of NGOs, a group that advocates for a peace agreement among civil society, government, and the private sector.
		Although women in Colombia historically played important roles in the community, their work for peace has been "behind-the-scenes" at the grassroots level.
		Members of this network are trained as facilitators, so their role is not just to denounce but to bring a human rights component into all of their projects—to create a new culture of human rights in the country.
	www.womenwagingpeace.net /content/articles/0048a.html (1724 words)

	Opposition coalition takes shape in Colombia : Melbourne Indymedia
		A joint declaration made by the new coalition condemned the dramatic increase in repressive policies under the government of rightwing President Alvaro Uribe Velez and pledged to oppose him in the coming general strike and other campaigns.
		The coalition has said that they their principle aims are to fight to defend public services, natural resources and national sovereignty in the face of President Uribe’s regressive legislative onslaught and increasing US intervention.
		Furthermore the coalition says that alongside of these devastating economic policies “the government of Alvaro Uribe Velez has installed the most authoritarian regime in the history of Colombia [leading to] systematic violations of freedoms and civil and democratic rights and the flagrant abuses of human rights”.
	melbourne.indymedia.org /print.php?id=52140 (571 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Colombia’s ratification occurs in the closing days of the presidency of Andres Pastrana and in the midst of a strategic US assault designed to undercut the efficacy of the new Court.
		“As a country whose recent history is fraught with terrible violence and conflicts between rebel groups, militia and state authorities, Colombia’s ratification of the ICC treaty shows its commitment to ensuring justice and accountability for all,” said William Pace, Convenor of the NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court.
		About the Coalition for the International Criminal Court The Coalition for the International Criminal Court (CICC) is a network of over 1,000 civil society organizations that support the creation of a permanent, fair and independent International Criminal Court.
	www.iccnow.org /pressroom/ciccmediastatements/2002/08.05.2002Colombiaratifies.doc (579 words)

	November 22, 2004
		Colombia This Week is reproduced with the kind permission of the ABColombia Group in London.
		Colombia was named as a country of particular concern to the coalition, being that under-18 youths have participated in the 40 year armed conflict.
		The head of the coalition, Casey Kelso said that in Colombia, “upwards of 14,000 child soldiers are being used both by rebels and the government-backed paramilitaries,” further indicating that these human rights issues remain paramount in the South American nation.
	www.usofficeoncolombia.org /InfoBrief/112204.htm (2238 words)

	eclecticism: Coalition members and human rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Colombia's internal war intensified in 2002 following the February 20 collapse of three years of formal talks between the government and Colombia's largest guerrilla group.
		Paramilitary groups operating with the tolerance and often support of units within Colombia's military were linked to massacres (defined in Colombia as the killing of three or more people at the same place and time), selective killings, and death threats.
		Coalition of the Unwilling: Costa Rica has requested that its name be stricken from the White House's 'Coalition of the Willing', saying their support was for the War on Terrorism, not the invasion of Iraq.
	www.michaelhanscom.com /eclecticism/2003/04/coalition_membe_1.html (5307 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Book Review - The Politics Of Coalition Rule In Colombia - Jonathan Hartlyn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		After an extended period of violence, political breakdown and military rule, Colombia turned in 1958 to a generation-long experiment in coalition government which provided the country with peace, political stability and the underpinnings of economic prosperity.
		By the mid-1980s, however, Colombia's limited democracy was being challenged by a growing guerrilla insurgency and the burgeoning drug trade.
		This lucid analysis explains the strengths and weaknesses of Colombia's coalition regime as a case of "consociationalism" akin to the accords in the Netherlands, Cyprus, Lebanon and Malaysia that were devised to tame ethnic and religious conflicts.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19890301fabook7442/jonathan-hartlyn/the-politics-of-coalition-rule-in-colombia.html?mode=print (127 words)

	[No title]
		Colombia: Human rights conditions were kept in place, requiring the State Department to certify that Colombia is severing ties between the army and paramilitary forces.
		The Coalition was organized in 1994 by a number of people who had been to Cuba and/or were concerned about the heightened U.S. pressures on Cuba after the fall of the Soviet Union.
		The Coalition has also been instrumental in gathering medical and humanitarian supplies for the annual Pastors for Peace Caravan and every year, the Coalition hosts a send-off dinner for the Caravan as it passes through Milwaukee to collect donations.
	www.lawg.org /misc/advocate_dec_04.htm (1884 words)

	Amazon Alliance - Amazon Update: March 1999, No. 45
		She participated in Coalition activities and sponsored indigenous travel to our events through her work with the Fund of the Four Directions.
		Terry, Ingrid, and Lahe' were in Colombia to assist the U'wa with a bilingual education and cultural preservation program of the Pacific Cultural Conservancy International (PCCI).
		Terry was a dear friend of many of ours and a dedicated activist who devoted the last two years of his life to supporting the U'wa people of Colombia to defend their rights and traditional territory from oil exploration by Occidental Petroleum.
	www.amazonalliance.org /upd_mar99_en.html (1012 words)

	Texas Fair Trade Coalition \| Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		OGOTÁ, Colombia, Nov. 17 - With tears in her eyes, 80-year-old Mercedes Cuéllar wrapped her arms around her son, one of Colombia's top union leaders, and said goodbye as he boarded a flight to Miami and temporary exile from the country's long conflict.
		Union advocates in the United States attribute the decline in violence to a cease-fire that Colombia's main paramilitary coalition, the United Self-Defense Forces, declared in December 2002 before embarking on disarmament talks with the government.
		But few in Colombia dispute that union leaders have made enemies in the country's highly stratified society, both for their leftist declarations and for their harsh criticism of fiscally conservative governments bent on privatizing industries and holding down labor costs.
	www.texasfairtrade.org /article.php?story=200411180047458 (1493 words)

	Justice for Colombia - campaigning for peace with social justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Justice for Colombia (JFC) is a coalition of British organisations working in support of the Colombian people and trade union movement in their campaign for basic human rights and their struggle for peace with social justice.
		Set up in 2002 by various British trade unions and NGOs, the coalition was created to develop a coordinated response to the appalling human rights crisis in Colombia and the abuses perpetrated against trade union members in particular.
		The JFC coalition is the leading organisation in Britain working to provide our colleagues in Colombia with urgently needed solidarity and assistance, not only in their struggle for fundamental union rights, decent wages and conditions, but also in the struggle for life itself.
	www.justiceforcolombia.org /about.html (264 words)

	Online NewsHour: Colombia's Civil War: President
		The international community should know that Colombia has expressed its will to recover its civility and order, that Colombia does not want to be known in the world by its bad news of violence, but that the world also knows of our determination to defeat violence."
		Uribe's landslide victory in the presidential election on May 26 signalled an endorsement of his militaristic approach to resolving Colombia's 38-year old civil conflict.
		Uribe officially became Colombia's 38th president during a subdued inauguration ceremony -- attended by some 500 invited guests --on Wednesday, August 7th.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/latin_america/colombia/players_can.html (477 words)

	September 11 Coalition
		The third event, featuring reports on Colombia by John Ewers and Margaret Knapke, will also be held at the Peace Museum but additional details are not yet available.
		Be sure to periodically check the Events section of this webpage for future details as they develop.
		The Coalition also has a Yahoo group where we email each other information and links to other peace messages.
	www.september11coalition.org (579 words)

	LASC -- Latin America Solidarity Coalition
		Colombia has been fighting a brutal civil war for over 4 decades.
		The Bush administration beefed up this “Plan Colombia”, renaming it the “Andean Initiative and expanding it to include more military help to Colombia’s neighbors, supposedly to strengthen their borders, thereby turning the civil war into a regional conflict.
		The herbicide glyphosate (known in the U.S. as Roundup) is being widely used to eradicate opium poppy and coca plants.
	www.lasolidarity.org /Organize/colombia.htm (504 words)

	AllRefer.com - Colombia - Instituting the Coalition Government \| Colombian Information Resource
		Lleras Camargo introduced an austerity program to improve economic conditions, with the result that in 1958 Colombia recorded its most favorable balance of trade in twenty years.
		The government cut imports, stabilized the peso (for value of the peso--see Glossary), and established the National Planning Department.
		The United States and international lending agencies then agreed to make loans to Colombia with the understanding that the government would take vigorous action to improve its financial situation.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/colombia/colombia34.html (723 words)

	Noticias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		BOGOTÁ, Colombia, Oct. 8 - A proposal by a coalition of rightist paramilitary groups to disarm 3,000 fighters was presented Friday to President Álvaro Uribe, a gesture that may reinvigorate deteriorating peace talks and lead to the largest one-time demobilization of insurgents in Colombia's 40-year conflict.
		The 15,000-member United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia, a coalition of outlaw antirebel forces responsible for drug trafficking and mass killings, described its offer as a "great act of faith." The announcement, made Thursday, came days after the magazine Semana released transcripts of disarmament talks that showed them near collapse.
		The paramilitary United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia, or AUC, pledged late Thursday to disarm at least 3,000 of its fighters before the end of the year as a goodwill gesture to spark slow-moving peace talks that began in July.
	www.colombiaemb.org /opencms/opencms/extras/news_item.html?id=720 (3537 words)

	Colombian Partners
		The U.S. Office on Colombia believes in working in collaboration with all sectors of society and seeks to develop its goals through coalition building.
		The U.S. Office on Colombia is supporting the on-going process of building a national afro-Colombian coalition.
		The U.S. Office on Colombia is an independent non-profit organization, not affiliated with any political party, that seeks to educate U.S. policymakers, the media and the U.S. public about the impact of U.S. policy on Colombia.
	www.usofficeoncolombia.org /colombian.htm (454 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Americas \| US says 'coalition of willing' grows
		Earlier, the president's spokesman, Ari Fleischer, said that the "coalition of the willing" was made up of countries of every race and faith, on every continent, with a population of 1.2bn and a GDP of $21 trillion.
		In contrast, the 1991 Gulf War coalition included 34 countries, many of whom provided substantial military assistance, and many of whom were from the Arab world.
		The 1991 coalition total also does not include countries like Japan, which provided $4bn to fund the coalition efforts, and does not include many more countries which offered political support.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/americas/2870487.stm (694 words)

	Local10.com - News - Coalition Members
		President Bush is assembling a Coalition that has already begun military operations to disarm Iraq of its weapons of mass destruction, and enforce 17 UNSC resolutions.
		This number is still growing, and it is no accident that many member nations of the Coalition recently escaped from the boot of a tyrant or have felt the scourge of terrorism.
		All Coalition member nations understand the threat Saddam Hussein's weapons pose to the world and the devastation his regime has wreaked on the Iraqi people.
	www.local10.com /news/2059923/detail.html (432 words)

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