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Topic: Coastal sage scrub

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	Coastal Sage Scrub Plants
		Coastal deer weed is a common year-round plant below 5,000 feet.
		California Sagebrush is a dominant plant in coastal sage and occurs usually below 2,000 feet.
		Coastal prickly pear is found at low elevations along the coast, blooming from May to June.
	www.nps.gov /cabr/florplnt.html (1006 words)

	Species:
		Coastal sage scrub patches average approximately 0.25 acres (0.1 ha), but the extent of the community varies widely depending on site characteristics and fire history [14].
		Fire intensity is generally higher in coastal sage scrub than in seral chaparral due to higher litter loading and the higher percentage of terpenes in coastal sage scrub vegetation [22,50].
		In a study comparing adjacent coastal sage scrub and bigpod ceanothus-dominated chaparral communities at postfire year 26, Gray [20] found that 33 percent of California sagebrush in coastal sage scrub appeared to have resulted from crown sprouting, while 10 percent of California sagebrush in chaparral appeared to have done so.
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/shrub/artcal/all.html (5052 words)

	Santa Clarita Valley History In Pictures - CE0007 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Coastal sage scrub consists primarily of soft subshrubs (to about 1m or 3 feet), many of which are drought-deciduous, with an admixture of evergreen shrubs.
		Diablan Sage Scrub occurs in the central coastal portion of California, and is not within the historic range of the California Gnatcatcher.
		Coastal sage scrub is a highly flammable vegetation type and maintaining mature stands in fire-prone areas near the urban interface is a significant management challenge (Beyers and Wirtz 1997).
	www.scvhistory.com /scvhistory/ce0007.htm (2450 words)

	Park Science--Volume 21(2)--Spring 2002--Atmospheric nitrogen deposition--(page 2 of 2)
		Coastal sage scrub ecosystems may be among the most sensitive terrestrial environments because of their relatively closed hydrology and low biomass.
		Coastal sage scrub is especially susceptible to nitrogen deposition on account of dry summers when nitrogen deposition is highest and nitrogen accumulates, followed by moist, relatively warm winters when the accumulated nitrogen becomes available for the growth of native and exotic species.
		Unlike the conifer forests, sage scrub is biologically active during winter, and plants rapidly respond to the onset of winter rains with the growth of shrubs, annual forbs, and grasses.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /parksci/vol21/vol21(2)/10-2_meixner_etal.html (928 words)

	Coastal Sage Scrub (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Coastal sage scrub is a precious resource, supporting high levels of diversity and native plants.
		It is estimated that coastal sage scrub only occupies 10% of its former range due primarily to urbanization and agriculture.
		The habitat provided by coastal sage scrub supports a number of threatened species, most notably the California gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica), and a wide variety of shrub- sensitive birds, which are becoming increasingly rare due to urbanization.
	www.pvplc.org /restoration/coastalsagescrub.shtml (194 words)

	Coastal Scrub (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Three representative scrub assemblages (not strictly limited to the coast) are the northern coastal scrub, southern coastal sage scrub or soft-chaparral, and arid hard-chaparral.
		Sage scrub communities are easily identified by their characteristic fragrance and long flowering season, which may extend over half the year.
		Sage ensures its success as a dominant community member by releasing chemical compounds into the soil that prevent other plants from establishing themselves.
	ceres.ca.gov /ceres/calweb/coastal/plants/scrub.html (370 words)

	Bibliography on Coastal Sage Scrub Shrublands
		Coastal sage scrub is often referred to as "soft chaparral" to differentiate it from "hard chaparral," the more widespread shrub community that generally occupies more mesic sites and higher elevations in cismontane California.
		Unlike evergreen, sclerophyllous chaparral, coastal sage scrub is characterized by malacophyllous subshrubs with leaves that abscise during summer drought and are replaced by fewer smaller leaves (Westman 1981, Gray and Schlesinger 1983).
		The more open nature of coastal sage scrub permits the occurrence of a greater herbaceous component of forbs, grasses and succulents than is usually associated with dense stands of mature chaparral.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /nccp/pubs/oleary02.htm (776 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- California coastal sage and chaparral (NA1201)
		The California Coastal Sage and Chaparral supports a diversity of habitats including montane conifer forests, Torrey pine woodland, cypress woodlands, southern walnut woodlands, oak woodlands, riparian woodlands, chamise chaparral, inland and coastal sage scrub, grasslands, vernal pools, and freshwater and salt marshes.
		Coastal sage scrub is a diverse and globally rare habitat type occurring in coastal terraces and foothills below 1,000 m, interspersed with chamise chaparral, oak woodland, grasslands, and salt marsh.
		Unlike chamise chaparral, coastal sage is primarily active during the cool, wet winters and largely sheds leaves during the dry summers.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na1201_full.html (2291 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Understory species in coastal sage scrub are often overlooked both in restoration projects and in salvage attempts.
		Understory elements of coastal sage scrub are challenging to introduce in restoration projects.
		Coastal Sage Scrub Restoration: Proceedings of the Coastal Sage Scrub Restoration Symposium held at the Fifth Annual Conference of the Society for Ecological Restoration.
	darwin.bio.uci.edu /~pjbryant/biodiv/LichenPaper.html (1056 words)

	California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica)
		Several subregional coastal sage scrub focused conservation plans are approved or in the late planning stages throughout southern California.
		In much of coastal southern California, where these exotic plants are well-established and where the irreversible conversion of shrublands to grasslands is likely, fire frequency and burn size should be kept low.
		Coastal sage scrub variations of San Diego County and their influence on the distribution of the California Gnatcatcher.
	www.prbo.org /calpif/htmldocs/species/scrub/california_gnatcatcher.html (3203 words)

	Cabrillo National Park
		Unlike plant and animal relatives found in the mountains and deserts, coastal sage scrub species have adapted to an ecosystem that rarely freezes in the winter and only occasionly experience temperatures over 90-degress F during the dry California summer.
		The coastal sage scrub and chaparral associated with Mediterranean climates evolved in reponse to climatic changes beginning about 14 million years ago.
		Coastal sage scrub plants can store moisture and reduce moisture loss during the prolonged hot, dry months between April and October.
	www.nps.gov /cabr/florafau.html (1026 words)

	Soft Chaparral or Coastal Sage
		The coastal sage scrub community, or "soft" chaparral, is commonly found in California's coastal zone in the elevation range from just above sea level to 1,800 feet.
		Proximity to the ocean (climate is moister in areas under the influence of coastal fog), substrate, latitude and elevation all effect changes on the distribution and species composition of stands of coastal scrub communities.
		When fire occurs too frequently the coastal scrub community may be replaced by grasslands that are often dominated by non-native annual species.
	www.biosbcc.net /b100plant/htm/soft.htm (504 words)

	Habitats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Coastal sage scrub is found on dry slopes, usually near the coast (although it can extend into inland valleys) below 3000 ft. This habitat is cooler than chaparral, but ironically often drier.
		Rainfall is often heavier at higher elevations, and coastal sage scrub often has rainfall under 10 in, qualifying it as a desert.
		Coastal sage scrub is sometimes referred to as soft chaparral since many of the dominant plants bend
	www.lalc.k12.ca.us /uclasp/local_habitats/habitats/coastal_sage.html (277 words)

	Rancho Palos Verdes Planning Commission Agenda
		CSS habitat supports a unique diversity of plant and wildlife species and is a valuable natural resource for the City and its residents.
		Coastal sage scrub habitat has been designated by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as critical habitat essential for the continued survival of, among other species, the coastal California gnatcatcher.
		Coastal sage scrub is the more general name for vegetation communities known as maritime succulent scrub, Diegan (or Riversidian) sage scrub, southern coastal bluff scrub, inland sage scrub, alluvial fan scrub, and mixtures of vegetation communities containing coastal sage elements and providing suitable gnatcatcher habitat.
	www.palosverdes.com /rpv/planning/AGENDAS_-_Current_Agendas/PlanningCommission/2003/2003-07-30_Planning_Commission_Agenda/open_agenda.cfm?id=RPVPC_SR_2003_07_30_02a.cfm (1696 words)

	Survey
		As mitigation for this expansion, the Marine Corps is required to restore disturbed habitat to coastal sage scrub at a ratio of least 2:1.
		Potential coastal sage scrub sites were determined by reviewing 1997 aerial photographs and a vegetation community map of the station and by groundtruthing both by vehicle and on foot.
		Although predisturbance habitat on all sites was not coastal sage scrub, all sites may be suitable for coastal sage scrub restoration due to changes in soil, vegetation or additional outside factors such as rerouting of water from riparian habitat.
	www.sci.sdsu.edu /SERG/restorationproj/chaparraland/miramar/survey.html (1163 words)

	Coastal California Gnatcatcher - Polioptila californica californica
		The coastal California gnatcatcher is an endangered bird which only lives in the narrow coastal strip of sage scrub of the California chaparral.
		With populations of the coastal California gnatcatcher declining rapidly, it was listed as threatened in 1993 under the Endangered Species Act of 1973.
		When the sage scrub chaparral is saved, countless plants and animals that live in that habitat will also be saved.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /california_gnatcatcher.htm (392 words)

	Plants of Torrey PInes State Reserve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The coastal sage scrub plant community is scattered on coastal hills and slopes and extends inland to those regions subjected to maritime moisture.
		Coastal sage scrub plants are typically low-growing, nonscleraphyllous (soft) shrubs with many brittle branches and are sometimes referred to as soft chaparral.
		The vegetation associated with the Torrey pine woodland is a mixture of plants from the coastal sage scrub and chaparral plant communities.
	www.torreypine.org /tpplants.htm (1459 words)

	Coastal Scrub (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This April the coastal sage scrub community of southern California and the imperiled California gnatcatcher made headlines in separate actions that promise to redefine how the United States meets the challenge of conserving biotic diversity.
		Qualities of the coastal sage scrub itself limit the information available for conservation planning for that ecosystem.
		Many observers believe that the coastal sage scrub program, with which the Center for Conservation Biology has been so intimately involved, promises to replace the traditional emergency single-species applications of the Endangered Species Act with more proactive efforts to address biodiversity at the ecosystem level -- an ultimately much more effective approach to long-term conservation.
	www.stanford.edu /~rawlings/scrub.htm (461 words)

	California gnatcatcher: Umbrella species failure?
		Historically, there were only 3 million acres of coastal sage scrub and more than 85% has been lost to agriculture and urban development, making it among the most endangered habitat types in the U.S. This habitat is a global hotspot of species found nowhere else and nearly 100 species are at- risk.
		In San Diego County, efforts to protect coastal sage scrub have used the California gnatcatcher -- a threatened songbird -- as an umbrella species because it is virtually restricted to nesting in this habitat.
		While some coastal sage scrub patches are relatively intact, others have only a few dozen native shrubs surrounded by non-native weeds.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-09/sfcb-cgu092001.php (481 words)

	[No title]
		Transplantation of seedling and mature coastal sage scrub canopy species is a successful way of salvaging plants and supplements restoration efforts.
		In a sequence of experiments beginning in 1992, coastal sage scrub plants ranging from seedlings to mature plants have been transplanted into a series of sites to test the feasibility and survival of transplants from natural stands which are destined for development.
		Transplantation success as indicated by survival for very large sage scrub canopy plants after a year was substantive, with 1% mortality in an Artemisia californica pod of 109 tagged plants and 6% mortality in another Artemisia pod of 125 plants.
	darwin.bio.uci.edu /~sustain/EcologicalRestoration/PapersPosters/Large-ScaleTransplantation.html (3327 words)

	Rancho Palos Verdes City Council
		Unregulated development and other activity in environmentally sensitive CSS habitat areas, and the unregulated removal of CSS, results in the elimination of critical habitat, reduces the natural species diversity in the City, and appreciably reduces the likelihood of the continued survival of the gnatcatcher.
		CSS conservation and management is consistent with, and will support, the natural resource management activities of the City in its role as lead agency in the preparation of the sub-regional NCCP for the Palos Verdes Peninsula Sub-area.
		Maintains the existing coastal sage scrub of the City in its natural state to the maximum extent possible, to the extent commensurate with the protection of the public health and safety, including mandated fire protection policies, and encourages the re-establishment of appropriate native plants when CSS habitat is removed;
	www.palosverdes.com /rpv/citycouncil/agendas/2003_Agendas/MeetingDate-2003-02-04/open_agenda.cfm?id=RPVCCA_SR_2003_02_04_11_habitat_removal_ordinance.htm (3595 words)

	LBL Scientist Studies How Plants Respond to Greenhouse Effect
		Ranging from San Francisco into northern Mexico, coastal sage scrub is one of the two most common shrub-land plant communities in Southern California.
		Coastal sage scrub occupies the driest area along the coast, and is of particular significance to urban residents.
		Following wildfire on coastal sage scrub, mudslides, which envelop and crush homes, cars, and anything in their path, often occur.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/plants-and-global-warming.html (825 words)

	GIS Technology and Sage Scrub Habitat, Sep/Oct 1996 ES Bulletin; U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The California floristic province, of which CSS is a part, is considered one of the ecological "hot spots" of the world.
		Determine CSS and other native habitats in close proximity to core CSS-- The next step identified other coastal sage (and other natural habitat types) within one-quarter to one-half mile of the core coastal sage area.
		Identify CSS and other native habitats that may support populations of target species--Existing known locations of target species (i.e., species of special interest to the NCCP effort) were given additional weight in assessing the relative value of habitat.
	endangered.fws.gov /esb/96/gis.html (1323 words)

	RCRCD - Native Habitats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Commonly, CSS shrubs are half-woody, aromatic, and 1-6 feet tall.
		Most CSS shrubs are adapted to prolonged summer-fall drought: they drop or curl their leaves and become dormant to survive dry conditions.
		Nearly one hundred plant and animal species associated with CSS are classified as rare, sensitive, threatened, or endangered including the Stephens Kangaroo Rat,, the California Gnatcatcher (a bird), the Cactus Wren (a bird), the Orange-throated Whiptail (a lizard), and the San Diego Horned Lizard.
	www.rcrcd.com /coast.htm (289 words)

	Endangered Species Bulletin: Partners restore coastal sage scrub habitat - government and private organizations work to ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Coastal sage scrub vegetation serves as breeding habitat for a threatened bird, the coastal California gnat-catcher (Polioptila californica californica).
		All seeds for restoration to coastal sage scrub or to native purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra) grassland are collected at Starr Ranch, and plugs are grown in the native plant nursery.
		Restoration standards are derived from data collected in relatively pristine, mature coastal sage scrub and native grassland at Starr Ranch.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0ASV/is_1_29/ai_118185258 (542 words)

	California coastal sage scrub plant community
		The Coastal Sage Scrub plant community of California exists along the coast from about San Francisco, and Lafayette down through about San Diego (San Diego has its own baja flavor) and inland as far as Riverside in southern California.
		The Coastal Sage Scrub plant community has wildlife and mini-wildlife activity for most of the year.
		We do not separate this as a plant community because the serpentine plant community is an extreme form of the Coastal Sage Scrub plant community that is supposed to be there, minus the plants that cannot tolerate serpentine.
	www.laspilitas.com /comhabit/California_Coastal_Sage_Scrub.html (618 words)

	Bibliography on Coastal Sage Scrub Shrublands
		Effects of fire and habitat on post-fire regeneration in Mediterranean-type ecosystems: Ceanothus spinosus chaparral and Californian coastal sage scrub.
		Habitat differentiation among herbs in potburn Californian chaparral and coastal sage scrub.
		The effects of fire intensity, aspect and substrate on post-fire growth of Californian coastal sage scrub.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /nccp/pubs/oleary09.htm (646 words)

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