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Topic: Cocaine

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	Cocaine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
		Cocaine hydrochloride is not well-suited for smoking because the temperature at which it vaporizes is very high, and close to the temperature at which it burns; however, cocaine base vaporizes at a low temperature, which makes it suitable for inhalation.
		Cocaine's primary acute effect on brain chemistry is to raise the amount of dopamine and serotonin in the nucleus accumbens (the pleasure center in the brain); this effect ceases, due to metabolism of cocaine to inactive compounds and particularly due to the depletion of the transmitter resources (tachyphylaxis).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cocaine (9500 words)

	Cocaine: Encyclopedia of Medicine
		Cocaine use declined significantly during the early 1990s, but it remains a significant problem and is on the increase in certain geographic areas and among certain age groups.
		Cocaine interferes with the normal functioning of neurons by blocking the re-uptake of dopamine, which builds up in the synapses and is believed to cause the pleasurable feelings reported by cocaine users.
		The rise in cocaine use as well as the appearance of crack cocaine in the late 1980s spurred fears about its effects on the developing fetus and, since then, several research reports have suggested that prenatal cocaine use could be associated to a wide range of fetal, newborn, and child development problems.
	health.enotes.com /medicine-encyclopedia/cocaine (1742 words)

	DEA, Drug Information, Cocaine
		Cocaine’s stimulant and addictive effects are thought to be primarily a result of its ability to inhibit the reabsorption of dopamine by nerve cells.
		Cocaine is distributed in nearly every large and midsize city; however, analysis of cocaine seizure data indicates that several specific cities serve as national-level cocaine distribution centers through which most domestic cocaine flows (see National Drug Threat Assessment Appendix A, Map 6).
		Cocaine use began to rise again in the 1960s, prompting Congress, in 1970, to classify it as a Schedule II controlled substance, meaning it was potentially susceptible to abuse and could produce dependency but had legitimate medicinal uses.
	www.usdoj.gov /dea/concern/cocaine.html (2071 words)

	cocaine - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		COCAINE [cocaine], alkaloid drug derived from the leaves of the coca shrub.
		Cocaine blocks pain sensation and stimulates the central nervous system, producing a sudden increase in heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure.
		Cocaine base is extracted from the paste in informal laboratories, usually in Peru or Bolivia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c/cocaine.asp (1258 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Cocaine : Article by Carlos J Roldan, MD, FAAEM
		Cocaine smoking is associated with acute exacerbations of asthma, bronchiolitis obliterans, cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary vascular hypertension, pulmonary hemorrhage, thermal injury to the airway, pneumothorax, and significant impairment of the diffusing capacity of the lung.
		Cocaine may be detected in the urine as long as 24 hours after use, and the metabolite of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, may be detected as long as 60 hours after a single use, which may increase to 22 days in patients who use cocaine chronically.
		Cocaine washout syndrome or the cocaine crash syndrome is characterized by severe exhaustion with psychomotor retardation, depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, and increased appetite, lasting as long as 18 hours after the last consumption.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic400.htm (9971 words)

	Cocaine
		Cocaine is a stimulant, which means it speeds up the workings of the brain.
		The effects of cocaine depend on the strength of the dose, the blend of chemicals, the physiology of the person and their state of mind at the time of taking the drug.
		Cocaine is a highly addictive illegal stimulant that speeds up the workings of the brain.
	www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au /bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Cocaine?OpenDocument (719 words)

	Cocaine
		Cocaine is a powerfully addicting drug of abuse that directly affects the brain.
		Cocaine is considered a class II drug which means that it has high potential for abuse, but is allowed to be perscribed and administered by a doctor for medical purposes.
		Crack refers to cocaine when the freebase form has been neutralized with acid forming the podered cocaine hydrochloride, and has then been formed into a smokable substance, through treatment with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate and water, followed by heat to remove the hydrochloride.
	www.udel.edu /chem/C465/senior/fall00/DrugAddiction/Cocaine.html (473 words)

	InfoFacts - Crack and Cocaine
		Cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that interferes with the reabsorption process of dopamine, a chemical messenger associated with pleasure and movement.
		Use of cocaine in a binge, during which the drug is taken repeatedly and at increasingly high doses, may lead to a state of increasing irritability, restlessness, and paranoia.
		Primary cocaine treatment admissions in 2004 accounted for 52.5 percent of treatment admissions, excluding alcohol, in Atlanta, 38.9 percent in New Orleans, and approximately 36 percent in Texas and Detroit.
	www.nida.nih.gov /Infofax/cocaine.html (1445 words)

	DEA Briefs & Background, Drugs and Drug Abuse, Drug Descriptions, Cocaine Factsheet
		Cocaine is the second most commonly used illicit drug in the United States.
		About 10 percent of Americans over the age of 12 have tried cocaine at least once in their lifetime, about 2 percent have tried crack, and nearly one percent is currently using cocaine.
		In 2001, cocaine purity declined by 8 percent, from 86 percent pure in 1998 to a 78 percent pure in 2001.
	www.usdoj.gov /dea/concern/cocaine_factsheet.html (341 words)

	Welcome to Cocaine Anonymous
		Cocaine Anonymous is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from their addiction.
		Cocaine Anonymous is open to all persons who state a desire to stop using cocaine, including "crack" cocaine, as well as all other mind-altering substances.
		Cocaine Anonymous is a Fellowship of, by, and for addicts seeking recovery.
	www.ca.org (720 words)

	Cocaine
		Cocaine hydrochloride (coke, snow, blow) is a central nervous system stimulant that interferes with the reabsorption of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and movement.
		Cocaine prompts the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter responsible for pleasure and movement, and inhibits the reabsorption of it, overstimulating the brain.
		Cocaine users frequently report that coming down from the drug is difficult, leading them to take more to prolong the high and avoid withdrawal.
	www.brown.edu /Student_Services/Health_Services/Health_Education/atod/od_cocaine.htm (952 words)

	Effects Of Cocaine \| Cocaine Effects \| Cocaine Information
		Cocaine is a drug extracted from the leaves of the coca plant.
		Cocaine is distributed on the street in two main forms: cocaine hydrochloride is a white crystalline powder and "crack" is cocaine hydrochloride that has been processed with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and water into a freebase cocaine - chips, chunks, or rocks.
		Cocaine's effects are short lived, and once the drug leaves the brain, the user experiences a "coke crash" that includes depression, irritability, and fatigue.
	www.drugfree.org /Portal/Drug_Guide/Cocaine (325 words)

	What You Need to Know About Drugs: Cocaine and Crack
		Cocaine is a white powder that comes from the dried leaves of the coca plant that is found in South America.
		Cocaine is a stimulant, which means that it produces a fast, intense feeling of power and energy.
		Cocaine is so dangerous that using it just once can make you have a heart attack or stroke and can kill you.
	www.kidshealth.org /kid/grow/drugs_alcohol/know_drugs_cocaine.html (309 words)

	Cocaine Side Effects, Interactions and Information - Drugs.com
		Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant, which is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant (Erythroxylon coca), indigenous to the Andean highlands of South America.
		The hydrochloride form of cocaine is sold on the street as a fine, white, crystalline powder, which has usually been diluted with inert substances such as cornstarch, talcum powder, sugars (examples lactose and mannitol), chemically related local anesthetics (examples procaine and lidocaine), or other stimulants such as amphetamines.
		The duration of cocaine’s immediate euphoric effects, which include hyper-stimulation, reduced fatigue, and mental clarity, is dependent on the route of administration.
	www.drugs.com /Cocaine (1350 words)

	Facts & Figures: Cocaine - Drug Facts, ONDCP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cocaine admissions represented 17.8% of the total drug/alcohol admissions to treatment during 1994 and 13.7% of the treatment admissions in 2004.
		Of the 26,023 Federal drug defendants sentenced during FY 2003, powder cocaine was involved in 5,867 (22.9%) and crack cocaine was involved in 5,166 (20.17%) of the cases.
		Cocaine is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant, which is indigenous to the Andean highlands of South America.
	www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov /drugfact/cocaine (2067 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Cokelore (Cocaine-Cola)
		The first stirrings of a national debate had begun over the negative aspects of cocaine, and manufacturers were growing defensive over charges that use of their products might lead to "cocainism" or the "cocaine habit".
		The full-throated fury against cocaine was still a few years off, and Candler and Robinson were anxious to continue promoting the supposed benefits of the coca leaf, but there was no reason to risk putting more than a tiny bit of coca extract in their syrup.
		How much cocaine was in that "mere trace" is impossible to say, but we do know that by 1902 it was as little as 1/400 of a grain of cocaine per ounce of syrup.
	www.snopes.com /cokelore/cocaine.asp (495 words)

	Cocaine
		Illegal cocaine is usually distributed as a white crystalline powder or as an off-white chunky material.
		Cocaine base is converted into the powder form, which is usually cocaine hydrochloride, by diluting it with other substances.
		Cocaine was widely used until it was outlawed by the Harrison Act in 1914 during the temperance movement.
	www.coolnurse.com /cocaine.htm (1564 words)

	Cocaine
		Cocaine is a highly potent stimulant that is considered to be one of the greatest drug threats to the world because of the violence associated with trafficking and use, the physical and psychological effects associated with its use, and the costs to society as a whole.
		Wholesale cocaine traffickers purchase cocaine from importers and regional distributors usually in kilogram or multi-kilogram allotments.
		This is generally the manner in which cocaine is shipped from Colombia or other cocaine producing countries to the United States and other consuming countries.
	www.streetdrugs.org /cocaine.htm (355 words)

	Drugs - Cocaine
		Cocaine used to be the drug of choice for rock stars and the rich, but recent price cuts and increased imports have resulted in a massive rise in usage and availability.
		In US, cocaine is implicated in 10 out of every 1000 deaths in hospital emergency units.
		Detection periods: Cocaine can be detected in the urine up to 12 hours to 3 days after use at common levels.
	www.urban75.com /Drugs/drugcoke.html (601 words)

	Fact Sheet - Cocaine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cocaine's recent notoriety belies the fact that the drug has been used as a stimulant by people for thousands of years.
		Cocaine users most often inhale the powder sharply through the nose, where it is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream.
		Cocaine addicts frequently turn to other drugs to relieve the down feeling when more cocaine is not available.
	www.well.com /user/woa/fscoke.htm (542 words)

	heart rate
		Cocaine addiction is the obsessive or uncontrollable abuse of cocaine.
		A cocaine vaccine is also being tested which may prevent the recipient from feeling the desirable effects of the drug, although a similar effort to develop a heroin vacci...
		Cocaine is frequently adulterated or “cut” with various powdery fillers to increase its surface area; the substances most commonly used in this process are baking soda, sugars, such as lactose, inositol, and mannitol, and local anesthetics, such as lidocaine.
	www.experiencefestival.com /heart_rate (910 words)

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