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Topic: Coccidioides immitis

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	Coccidioides Species
		Coccidioides immitis/posadasii is a pathogenic fungus and is among the causative agents of true systemic (endemic) mycoses.
		Coccidioides immitis/posadasii is the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis in humans.
		Coccidioides immitis/posadasii continues to grow as a mould and does not produce spherules at any temperature unless special growth medium is provided in vitro.
	www.doctorfungus.org /thefungi/Coccidioides.htm (1901 words)

	Valley Fever-- Complete article
		Coccidioides immitis, the primary pathogenic fungus that causes coccidioidomycosis, is most commonly found in the deserts of the southwestern United States and Central and South America.
		Coccidioidomycosis is caused by Coccidioides immitis, a dimorphic fungus that grows as a mold in the soil.
		Immunogenicity of spherule-endospore vaccines of Coccidioides immitis for mice.
	www.blessedquietness.com /journal/theworld/valfever.htm (4887 words)

	eMedicine - Coccidioidomycosis : Article by Michele M Cheung, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Pathophysiology: C immitis exists in a saprophytic or vegetative phase in the soil and in laboratory culture and in a parasitic or tissue phase in the host.
		Coccidioidal meningitis usually is chronic with insidious onset, in contrast to meningitis from bacterial causes.
		DOC for rapidly progressing coccidioidal infection and disease nonresponsive to oral azole therapy.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic423.htm (5630 words)

	Coccidioides immitis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sputum culture of Coccidioides immitis on Sabouraud's medium, showing white, cottony fungus growth.
		Coccidioides immitis is a pathogenic fungus that resides in the soil in certain parts of the southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and a few other areas in the Western Hemisphere.
		It, along with its relative Coccidioides posadasii, can cause a disease called coccidioidomycosis, and it is a rare cause of meningitis, mostly in immunocompromised persons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coccidioides_immitis (167 words)

	eMedicine - Coccidioidomycosis (Infectious Diseases) : Article by Edward L Arsura, MD
		Background: Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are dimorphic fungi endemic to certain arid regions in the southwestern United States and in Mexico, Central America, and South America.
		C immitis is geographically limited to California's San Joaquin valley region, whereas C posadasii is found in the desert southwest of the United States, Mexico, and South America.
		The Coccidioides organism is chiefly restricted to areas of the Western Hemisphere from latitudes 40° north to 40° south.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic539.htm (6247 words)

	CDC - Cost-Effectiveness of a Potential Vaccine for Coccidioides immitis
		Coccidioides immitis, an infectious fungus, grows in the arid soil of the Central Valley of California, southern Arizona, and parts of Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Texas, as well as northern Mexico and parts of Central and South America.
		immitis are home to approximately 20% of the U.S. population; an estimated 5 million persons live in the areas of highest endemicity (Figure 1) (1-3).
		immitis, a vaccine is a military as well as a civilian priority.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol7no5/barnato.htm (4404 words)

	What is Valley Fever?
		Valley Fever (coccidioidomycosis, or cocci) is caused by the soil-dwelling fungus, Coccidioides immitis.
		In addition, Coccidioides immitis is found in semiarid and arid soils in Central and South America (Figure 2).
		Immitis, itself does not thrive, but remains viable though dormant during the arthroconidia phase of its' lifecycle.
	www.casa.arizona.edu /~peter/valleyfever/web/page4.html (692 words)

	The IEQ Review: Under the Scope
		Coccidioidomycosis, the disease caused by a pathogenic fungus called Coccidioides immitis, is also known as Valley Fever because the organism is prevalent in the San Joaquin Valley of Central California.
		Coccidioides immitis is a primary fungal pathogen can be isolated from microbially depauperate soils of hot, semi-arid regions.
		immitis demonstrates different morphologies in its saprobic and parasitic phases, but is distinguished from other fungal pathogens by the unique morphogenetic features of its growth in host tissue.
	www.imakenews.com /pureaircontrols/e_article000097815.cfm (467 words)

	Coccidioides immitis: A fungal component of dust and a human pathogen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Coccidioides immitis: A fungal component of dust and a human pathogen
		immitis arthroconidia occur sporadically, but not uncommonly, in dust derived from soils of the southwest United States as well as parts of Central and South America.
		Airborne arthroconidia inhaled by an appropriate host may cause primary infection and the parasitic phase of the C. immitis lifecycle is initiated.
	apha.confex.com /apha/129am/techprogram/paper_26144.htm (340 words)

	Final Diagnosis -- Case 211
		The first coccidial skin test utilizing extracts from Coccidioides cultures was developed in 1927, and would later provide the basis for establishing the epidemiologic characteristics of this disease.
		Coccidioides will grow on a number of mycologic media, with mold phase growth usually within 3-5 days at 25-37 C on Sabouraud dextrose agar.
		However, a recent 1999 review of Coccidioidomycosis by Dr. Galgiani cites that 46% of Coccidioides cases detected in the HIV/AIDS population occurred outside of endemic areas, suggesting it is currently a disease of "emerging" national/international importance due to emigration patterns and the ease of travel.
	path.upmc.edu /cases/case211/dx.html (1740 words)

	Project Inform: Valley Fever (coccidiomycosis) [ HIV / AIDS Treatment Information ]
		It is caused by the fungus Coccidioides immitis, which grows in soils in areas of low rainfall, high summer temperatures and moderate winter temperatures.
		The fungal spores of Coccidioides immitis are often found in abundance in the soil around rodent burrows, Indian ruins and burial grounds.
		The tissue phase of the fungus Coccidioides immitis is a spherule.
	www.projinf.org /fs/vfever.html (4199 words)

	CSF Coccidioides Complement Fixation - Health Encyclopedia
		CSF coccidioides complement fixation?looks for antibodies to the fungus Coccidioides immitisin the cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid, the fluid surrounding the brain and spine.
		Complement fixation is the most sensitive test for the fungus coccidioides.
		If the test is positive for fungus, the results indicate an active infection in the central nervous system.?(See: Disseminated coccidioidomycosis).
	www.wnbc.com /encyclopedia/6864567/detail.html (666 words)

	Coccidioidomycosis: A Regional Disease of National Importance: Rethinking Approaches for Control -- Galgiani 130 (41): ...
		Immunogenicity of spherule-endospore vaccines of Coccidioides immitis for mice J Immunol.
		Evaluation of the proline-rich antigen of Coccidioides immitis as a vaccine candidate in mice Infect Immun.
		Significance of soil salinity on the ecology of Coccidioides immitis J Bacteriol.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/130/4_Part_1/293 (5393 words)

	Coccidioidomycosis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Coccidioidomycosis (also known as Valley fever and California valley fever) is a fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or C.
		immitis resides in the soil in certain parts of the southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and a few other areas in the Western Hemisphere.
		Infection is caused by inhalation of airborne, fungal particles known as arthroconidia, which are a form of spore.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coccidioides_mycosis (374 words)

	The IEQ Review: Under The Scope
		Coccidioides immitis is a thermally dimorphic fungus found in soil particularly at warm and dry areas with low rain fall, high summer temperatures, and low altitude.
		Coccidioides immitis is the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis in humans.
		immitis, which are carried by dust storms, initiates the infection.
	www.imakenews.com /pureaircontrols/e_article000209487.cfm (232 words)

	Coccidioides Complement Fixation - Health Centers
		Coccidioides complement fixation is a blood test that looks for antibodies to the fungus Coccidioides immitis.?
		An antibody defends the body against bacteria, viruses, fungus, or other foreign body (antigen).
		If the antibodies are present, they stick, or "fix" themselves, to the antigen, that's why the test is called "fixation."
	www.channel3000.com /encyclopedia/6864588/detail.html (509 words)

	Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) - Southern Nevada Health District
		Coccidioidomycosis is an infectious disease caused by inhaling spores of a fungus called Coccidioides immitis.
		Dusty objects from areas where C. immitis is common may contain infective fungal spores.
		The best way to prevent exposures to C. immitis spores is to avoid situations where soil that might be contaminated can be inhaled.
	www.cchd.org /disease_factsheets/coccidioidomycosis.htm (399 words)

	Coccidioides precipitin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Coccidioides precipitin is bloodÂ test that looks for antibodies to the fungus Coccidioides immitis, which causes the disease coccidioidomycosis.
		Blood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand.
		The test detects infection with the fungus Coccidioides immitis, which causes the disease coccidioidomycosis.
	www.shands.org /health/information/003525.htm (407 words)

	Coccidioides immitis, cause of coccidioidomycosis, aka Valley Fever, San Joaquin Valley Fever, desert bumps, desert ...
		Coccidioides immitis, cause of coccidioidomycosis, aka Valley Fever, San Joaquin Valley Fever, desert bumps, desert rheumatism or Posadas' disease, California disease, bioterrorism, Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for January 2002,
		Coccidioides immitis (kok-sid-ee-OID-eez IMM-ih-tiss) is the cause of a nasty fungal disease called coccidioidomycosis (kok-sid-ee-oid-oh-my-KOH-sis).
		Coccidioides is probably the most virulent of the fungal pathogens.
	botit.botany.wisc.edu /TOMS_FUNGI/jan2002.html (1724 words)

	Doctor Fungus: Valid Species, Synonyms, & Teleomorph-Anamorph Relationships for Coccidioides sp.
		This genus is a mould that lacks a known sexual state and thus belongs to the Fungi Imperfecti.
		Blastomycoides immitis is an obsolete synonym of this species.
		immitis is found solely in California's San Joaquin valley, whereas C.
	www.doctorfungus.org /imageban/synonyms/Coccidioides.htm (205 words)

	Specialty Laboratories ::: we help doctors help patients
		EIA using a combination of coccidioidal antigens for differential detection of IgM and IgG antibodies is the method of choice for diagnosis of C.
		Approximately 95% of patients with coccidioidal meningitis have detectable levels of CF antibody in CSF.
		immitis is probably the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in the U.S. The Spherulin skin test is preferable to that using coccidioidin; neither test elicits an antibody response.
	www.specialtylabs.com /books/display.asp?id=321 (933 words)

	valleyfeversurvivor.com
		Valley Fever is contracted by inhaling spores of Coccidioides sp.
		The Coccidioides spore is as small as the anthrax spore, making infection possible in your office, home, automobile, airport or hotel.
		If a region has Coccidioides growing in its native soil, the region is an endemic area to the fungus.
	www.valleyfeversurvivor.com /facts.html (3742 words)

	Coccidioides immitis
		DICKSON EC 1937 Valley fever of San Joaquin valley and fungus coccidioides.
		FISCHER JB, KANE J 1973 Coccidioides immitis : a hospital hazard.
		LOONEY JM, STEIN T 1950 Coccidioidomycosis: the hazards involved in diagnostic procedures, with a report of a case.
	www.ebsa.be /resources/topics/LAI/Fungi/Coccidioides_immitis.htm (251 words)

	Case 01-1 - - Coccidioides immitis
		Outbreaks are associated with dust storms, archeological digs, climatic conditions and earthquakes.
		Immitis is a soil fungus with a biphasic life cycle: the saprophytic and the parasitic.
		Based on tissue histology and culture morphology, a diagnosis of Coccidioides immitis was made.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /internet/pathology/casestudies/k01_1.cfm (532 words)

	Novel Approach to Designing Primers for Identification and Distinction of the Human Pathogenic Fungi Coccidioides ...
		Bialek, R. Amplification of coccidioidal DNA in clinical specimens by PCR.
		PCR assays for identification of Coccidioides posadasii based on the nucleotide sequence of the antigen 2/proline-rich antigen.
		Amplification of coccidioidal DNA in clinical specimens by PCR.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/44/5/1859 (1236 words)

	Gene Genealogies, Cryptic Species, and Molecular Evolution in the Human Pathogen Coccidioides immitis and Relatives ...
		Coccidioides immitis is a pathogenic fungus responsible for
		Pathogenic clones versus environmentally driven population increase: analysis of an epidemic of the human fungal pathogen Coccidioides immitis.
		Wyckoff E. Pishko, T. Kirkland, G. Cole, 1995 Cloning and expression of a gene encoding a T-cell reactive protein from Coccidioides immitis: homology to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase and the mammalian F antigen Gene 161:107-111.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/18/7/1246 (5267 words)

	Fungemia due to Coccidioides immitis. An analysis of 16 episodes in 15 patients and a review of the literature.
		Sixteen episodes of fungemia due to Coccidioides immitis were identified in 15 patients over a 7-year period at 2 hospital associated with the University of Arizona in Tucson.
		Fourteen of the 15 patients were male and 13 had an underlying condition, including malignancy in 6 and AIDS in 3.
		These results suggest that coccidioidal fungemia is a marker for a severe, acute form of disseminated coccidioidomycosis associated with a high mortality.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1986/dec/M86C0147.html (489 words)

	A safe method of extracting DNA from Coccidioides immitis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Human-pathogenic fungi such as Coccidioides immitis and Histoplasma capsulatum must be handled in Biosafety level 3 containment facilities which make for a very awkward working environment (J.Y. Richmond and R.W. McKinney, eds.
		Cultures of C. immitis are grown in the saprophytic phase at 37 C in 100 ml of 2X GYE medium (20 g glucose and 10 g yeast extract in 1 liter medium, autoclaved for 15 min.) in 500 ml plastic Nalgene flasks with plastic foam stoppers (Identi-plug, Fisher).
		When there has been sufficient growth, the whole container is transferred to an autoclave and steamed at 1 atm (100 C) for 15 min.
	www.fgsc.net /fgn42/burt.html (518 words)

	Impacts of Climate Change and Land Use on the Arid Southwest: Valley Fever (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Valley fever (Coccidioidomycosis) is an infection caused by inhalation of the spores (arthroconidia) of a soil-inhabiting fungus, Coccidioides Immitis.
		The disease is a public health issue of great importance in the deserts of the southwestern U.S. as a result of rapid population growth, increased outdoor recreational activities, and placement of military personnel for active training.
		immitis, investigators will begin monitoring this area for potential dust emissions and transport pathways that might affect human populations.
	esp.cr.usgs.gov /info/sw/pathogens (165 words)

	Coccidioidomycosis: Host Response and Vaccine Development -- Cox and Magee 17 (4): 804 -- Clinical Microbiology Reviews
		caused by Coccidioides immitis (68, 98, 125, 214) and the newly
		induction of morphogenetic conversion in Coccidioides is rudimentary
		immitis as residents in regions of endemic infection.
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/17/4/804 (8815 words)

	Genetic Vaccination against Coccidioides immitis: Comparison of Vaccine Efficacy of Recombinant Antigen 2 and Antigen ...
		Genetic Vaccination against Coccidioides immitis: Comparison of Vaccine Efficacy of Recombinant Antigen 2 and Antigen 2 cDNA -- Jiang et al.
		Li, K., Yu, J.-J., Hung, C.-Y., Lehmann, P. F., Cole, G. Recombinant Urease and Urease DNA of Coccidioides immitis Elicit an Immunoprotective Response against Coccidioidomycosis in Mice.
		Abuodeh, R. O., Shubitz, L. F., Siegel, E., Snyder, S., Peng, T., Orsborn, K. I., Brummer, E., Stevens, D. A., Galgiani, J. Resistance to Coccidioides immitis in Mice after Immunization with Recombinant Protein or a DNA Vaccine of a Proline-Rich Antigen.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/67/2/630 (535 words)

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