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Topic: Coccygeus muscle

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	Chapter 10
		It is a fan-shaped muscle which extends from the ischial spine of the os coxae, upward and medially to attach to the transverse processes of the first 3-5 coccygeal vertebrae.
		It is a broad flat, triangular muscle which attaches the medial surfaces of the length of the pelvic symphysis, and portions of the pubis and ilium.
		The muscle extends upward to the root of the tail and attaches on the hemal processes of the seventh coccygeal vertebra by a strong tendinous band.
	compepid.tuskegee.edu /syllabi/biomedical/Anatomy/grossanat301/chapter10.html (637 words)

	Transversus abdominis muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The transversus abdominis muscle, also known as the transversalis muscle and transverse abdominal muscle, is a muscle layer of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall which is near to the internal oblique muscle.
		It arises, by fleshy fibers, from the lateral third of the inguinal ligament, from the anterior three-fourths of the inner lip of the iliac crest, from the inner surfaces of the cartilages of the lower six ribs, interdigitating with the diaphragm, and from the lumbodorsal fascia.
		The muscle ends in front in a broad aponeurosis, the lower fibers of which curve downward and medialward, and are inserted, together with those of the Obliquus internus, into the crest of the pubis and pectineal line, forming the inguinal aponeurotic falx.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transversus_abdominis_muscle (526 words)

	Cremaster muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In human males, the cremaster muscle is a thin layer of skeletal muscle found in the inguinal canal and scrotum between the external and internal layers of spermatic fascia, surrounding the testis and spermatic cord.
		Anatomically, the lateral cremaster muscles originates from the internal oblique muscle, just superior to the inguinal canal, and the middle of inguinal ligament.
		While the medial cremaster muscles, that sometime is absent, originates from the pubic tubercle and sometime the lateral pubic crest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cremaster_muscle (420 words)

	Dissector Answers - Hip & Posterior Thigh & Leg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The popliteal fossa is defined superomedially by the tendons of the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles, superolaterally by the tendon of the biceps femoris muscle, and inferiorly by the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle.
		Muscles of the deep posterior compartment assist the muscles of the superficial compartment in plantar flexion and inversion of the foot at the ankle, but their important functions are elsewhere.
		All of the muscles of the posterior compartment are innervated by the tibial nerve.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/musculoskeletal_system/gluteal_ans.html (3489 words)

	VETS REPORT
		The dorsal sacrococcygeal muscles are extensors, whilst the sacrococcygeus ventralis lateralis and medialis muscles act as flexors or depressors of the tail.
		The rectococcygeus muscle is composed of external fibers from each side of the rectum with the left and right portions fusing at the level of the 3rd coccygeal vertebrae then inserting on the 5th and 6th coccygeal vertebrae.
		The coccygeal muscle originates on the ischiatic spine, extends to the lateral surface of the tail and inserts on the 2nd to 5th coccygeal vertebrae.
	www.fortunecity.com /greenfield/bicycle/816/id30.htm (3843 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The muscle origin is the ischial tuberosity (long head), linea aspera and distal femur (short head), and insertion is the common tendon that passes downward and laterally (forming lateral border of popliteal fossa) to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia.
		The achilles tendon of the calf muscle attaches to the posterior surface of the calcaneus.
		This muscle is a prime mover of toe extension that acts mainly at metatarsophalangeal joints, and dorsiflexes foot in conjunction with the tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus muscle.
	www.life.sci.qut.edu.au /LSB131/2003summer/Bridgetlist1.doc (4603 words)

	Chapter 5
		The lateral muscle, the coccygeus, passes obliquely beside the rectum to attach to the transverse processes of the first three vertebrae of the tail and has no direct connection with the anus.
		A large portion of the constrictor muscle of the vestibule takes origin from the ventral border of the levator and it may be that some levator fibres continue into the constrictor without break.
		The muscles are activated when the intrapelvic pressure is raised i.e on elevation of the forequarters, in coughing, struggling and so forth; or when the perineum is touched or the animal fear such interference.
	compepid.tuskegee.edu /syllabi/biomedical/Anatomy/grossanat302/chapter5.html (1499 words)

	Hemorrhoid.net - Anatomy - Anus and Rectum
		The anus is surrounded by the subcutaneous muscle of the external sphincter (Fig.
		The bulk of the muscle is usually annular and disposed somewhat to or on the same longitudinal plane with the internal sphincter.
		This muscle is surrounded by the superficialis portion of the external sphincter and forms the en tire inner muscular layer of the wall of the anal canal (Fig.
	www.hemorrhoid.net /anatomy.php (6480 words)

	List Of Muscles Of The Human Body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		2 The muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck
		The muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck
		The muscles of the shoulder and musculotendinous cuff
	www.wikiverse.org /list-of-muscles-of-the-human-body (249 words)

	The Pelvis
		It is related anteriorly to the coccygeus muscle.
		Posterior to them are the coccygeus muscles, which form the smaller part of the floor.
		The thin, broad levator ani muscles unite with its partner to form a hammock-like sheet of muscle between the pubis anteriorly and the coccyx posteriorly, and from one lateral pelvic wall to the other.
	download.videohelp.com /vitualis/med/pelvis.htm (875 words)

	coccyx tailbone evolution baby born with tail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The coccygeus muscle consists of the levator aid and the prirformis which enclose the back part of the outlet of the pelvis.
		"The posterior surfaces [of the coccyx] serve as attachments for the gluteus maximus muscle and the sphincter and externus muscles.
		The gluteus maximus muscle is essential for defecation and labor during childbirth.
	www.angelfire.com /mi/dinosaurs/tailbone.html (2241 words)

	Sacral Plexus, Pelvic Diaphragm
		sympathetic: vascular smooth muscle of the pelvic viscera, especially the urinary bladder, seminal vesicle, ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct; parasympathetic: smooth muscle and glands of the pelvic viscera, especially the urinary bladder, seminal vesicle, ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct
		muscles of the lower abdominal wall; cremaster m., psoas major and minor mm., quadratus lumborum m., iliacus m.; muscles of the anterior and medial thigh and hip, muscles of the pelvic & urogenital diaphragm, posterior hip, posterior thigh, leg and foot
		muscles of the pelvic diaphragm; muscles of the urogenital diaphragm; muscles of the posterior hip, posterior thigh, leg and foot
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/pelvicwall.html (1993 words)

	Dissector Answers - Hip & Posterior Thigh & Leg
		The popliteal fossa is defined superomedially by the tendons of the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles, superolaterally by the tendon of the biceps femoris muscle, and inferiorly by the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle.
		Muscles of the deep posterior compartment assist the muscles of the superficial compartment in plantar flexion and inversion of the foot at the ankle, but their important functions are elsewhere.
		All of the muscles of the posterior compartment are innervated by the tibial nerve.
	anatomy.med.umich.edu /musculoskeletal_system/gluteal_ans.html (3489 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It is a synergist of temporalis and masseter muscles in elevation of the mandible.
		It is a smaller muscle deep to the fibularis longus, enclosed in a common sheath in the lateral part of the leg.
		It is a small muscle usually continuous and fused with the distal part of the extension digitorum longus in the anterior compartment of the leg.
	www.life.sci.qut.edu.au /LSB131/2003summer/Meganlist3.doc (2800 words)

	perianal-fistulas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The dorsal sacrococcygeal muscles are extensors, while the sacrococcygeus ventralis later- alis and medialis muscles act as flexors or depressors of the tail.
		The rectococcygeus muscle is composed of external fibres from each side of the rectum with the left and right portions fusing at the level of the 3rd coccygeal vertebra then inserting on the 5th and 6th coccygeal vertebrae.
		Besides helping to contain the con- tents of the pelvic cavity the levator ani muscle moves the tail cranially and laterally, presses the tail against the anus and the external genitalia, compresses the rectum and causes the sharp angulation between the 6th arid 7th coccygeal vertebrae which is characteristic for defecation.
	members.tripod.com /~perianal-fistulas/Tail.html (1194 words)

	OBGYN.net Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback of Pelvic Floor Musculature in the Treatment of Voiding Disorders
		This muscle is normally in a state of contraction during the storage phase and maintains an acute angle between the rectum and anal canal and is a critical factor in stool continence (Henry and Swash, 1985).
		It consists of the internal anal sphincter, a thickening of the smooth muscle extending down from the distal portion of the rectum, which is maximally contracted during storage, and the external anal sphincter, consisting of bundles of striated muscle fiber, including the deep, superficial and subcutaneous bundles.
		Laterally the coccygeus is anchored to the spine of the ischium and the fibers of the sacrospinous ligament.
	www.obgyn.net /urogynecology/?page=/cpp/articles/voiding_disorders (3442 words)

	NERVE - LoveToKnow Article on NERVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Farther forward special branches are given ff to the thyro-hyoid and genio-hyoid muscles, and these, like the 3escenden~ hypoglossi, are derived from the first and second cervical oop, thus leaving all the true muscles of the tongue to be supplied by the medullary part of the nerve.
		The anterior tibial nerve is chiefly muscular, innervating the muscles in front of the tibia and fibula as well as the extensor brevis digitorum pedis on the dorsum of the foot, though it gives one small cutaneous branch to the cleft between the first and second toes.
		The inusculo cutaneous nerve supplies the peroneus longus and brevis muscles, and the rest of the skin of the dorsum, of the foot, and lower part of the leg, while the skin of the upper part of the dorsum of the leg, below the knee, is supplied by the external popliteal before its division.
	www.1911ency.org /N/NE/NERVE.htm (4960 words)

	PERINEAL HERNIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Once all the structures have been identified and reduced, the caudal border of the internal obturator muscle is elevated from the ischium by incising and elevating the adjacent periosteum.
		The muscle is elevated to the obturator foramen.
		The muscle is sutured medially to the external anal sphincter and laterally to the levator ani and coccygeus muscles.
	www.vetsoftware.com /NAVC_surgery04.htm (1658 words)

	EXTERNAL - Online Information article about EXTERNAL
		The spinal nerves which are distributed to the lower limbs first intercommunicate in the lumbar and sacral plexuses, which, with the perineal nerves, are sometimes spoken of together as the lumbo sacral plexus.
		The external cutaneous nerve (L.2, 3) supplies the skin of the outer side of the thigh, while the anterior crural (L.2, 3, 4) innervates the muscles on the front of the thigh, the skin on the front and inner From A. Paterson, in Cunningham's Text-Book of Anatomy.
		calf of the leg as the posterior tibial and innervates all the muscles on this, the ventral, surface.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /EUD_FAT/EXTERNAL.html (3269 words)

	eMedicine - Vulvar-Vaginal Reconstruction : Article by Stephen Metz, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This triangular compartment is bounded (1) medially by the bulbocavernosus muscles, which border the vaginal introitus; (2) laterally, by the ischiocavernosus muscles, which lie along the ischiopubic rami; and (3) posteriorly by the transverse perineal muscles, which span the gap between the ischial tuberosity and the central tendon of the perineum.
		The bulbocavernosus muscles originate at the deep surface of the inferior margin of the pubic arch, then course posteriorly along the lateral surfaces of the vaginal introitus to insert in the central tendon of the perineum (perineal body) between the posterior vaginal fourchette and the anus.
		This muscle is typically thought of as being composed of 3 components: the distal (subcutaneous) segment, the intermediate segment, and the proximal (deep) segment.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3340.htm (6646 words)

	Pelvic Pain Help - A Headache In the Pelvis
		Trigger points are defined as taut bands within a muscle, either at the surface of the muscle or inside the muscle, in the belly or the attachment of the muscle.
		The internal muscles that contain trigger points are close to each other and it takes someone who understands the internal pelvic anatomy and is experienced in feeling the muscles inside the pelvic floor, to tell them apart.
		When muscles are known to contain trigger points referring pain to an area that the patient is complaining about, they should be extra carefully examined.
	www.pelvicpainhelp.com /stanford.html (4767 words)

	Core stabilization, Core Coordination,article by Aline Newton,M.A.,certified Advanced Rolfer, the biomechanics of core ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		As for the multifidus, it was found that in patients with back pain, the size of the muscle was reduced at the segment and on the side of the pain.
		It might be considered that the coccygeus muscle occupies the back half and the levator ani the front though the levator ani also participates in closure of the rectum.
		Through the intercommunication of the gamma motor neurons and the muscle spindles, the stiffness (resistance to change of length) of each muscle fiber is being continually monitored and adjusted.
	www.alinenewton.com /pdf-articles/core.htm (4583 words)

	[No title]
		False, glans of the penis is the tip and it is not paired False, the bulbus penis is one large bulb at the base of the penis True, corpus cavernosus makes up the majority of the shaft of the penis and is engulfed in blood during erection.
		True, round ligament runs superficial to the bulbospongiosus muscle in the superficial perineal space True, bulb of the vestibule lays superficial to the pelvic diaphragm within the bulbospongiosum muscle.
		False, external sphincter is skeletal muscle False, some somatic innervation comes from the pudendal nerve False, pudendal nerves come from S2-S4 True, the muscles of the sphincter make-up the UGD along with the deep transverse pectineal muscle 11.
	students.washington.edu /vn981/Files/Anatomy/MC/SE-Perineum.doc (799 words)

	ACVC 2001 - Perineal Hernia Repair
		It has also been shown that females have a larger, heavier, stronger levator ani muscle with a longer rectal attachment than the male, and that the sacrotuberous ligament in the female is larger.
		Interrupted sutures are preplaced from dorsal to ventral beginning with the coccygeous muscle and suturing it to the external anal sphincter.
		The ventral aspect of the hernia is closed by suturing the internal obturator muscle to the external anal sphincter m.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00410.htm (1683 words)

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