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Topic: Cochin Jews

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	Cochin Jews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cochin Jews, also called Malabar Jews are the ancient Jews and their descendants of the South Indian erstwhile state of Kingdom of Cochin which includes the present day port city of Kochi.
		Hebrew inscription at the Paradesi Synagogue in Cochin.
		Ruby Daniel emigrated to Israel from Cochin in 1951.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cochin_Jews (657 words)

	Cochin Jews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		White Jews, who came mainly from the professional and merchant classes, were full members; Black Jews who were mostly tradesemen and craftsmen, could pray there but were not eligible for membership; and the Meshuhrarim sat on the floor or on the steps outside.
		The origins of the Cochin Jews are obscure although their history can be traced as far back as the 10th century CE when the king of Malabar granted certain rights and privileges to a Jew named Joseph Rabban.
		The Cochin Jews showed their support for the Zionist movement in a letter sent to Theodor Herzl in 1901, and since 1948 the majority have emigrated to Israel.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/judaism/cochin.html (454 words)

	JEWS OF INDIA
		Jews settled in different areas — from Kashmir in the north, to Cochin in the south, Calcutta in the east and Bombay (renamed Mumbai) in the west.
		The Pardesi synagogue in Cochin, Kerala is the oldest among the surviving synagogues in the country.
		Cochin is a handy name for a cluster of islands and towns sprinkled with shady lagoons, tropical forests and canals winding past houses on stilts.
	hinduunity.org /jewsofindia.html (3536 words)

	Indian Jews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, Jews in India have recently suffered from terrorist attacks by Lashkar-e-Toiba, which has declared Jews and Hindus to be enemies of Islam [1].
		The Cochin Jews arrived in India 2,500 years ago and settled down in Cochin, Kerala as traders.
		Despite the name, the Baghdadi Jews are not exclusively of Iraqi origin: many came from Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, and Yemen as well.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jews_in_India (762 words)

	"The Last Jews in India and Burma" by Nathan Katz and Ellen S. Goldberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The 29 Jews of the Paradesi community and perhaps another 30 scattered throughout Kerala are all that remain of the 2,500 prior to mass aliya.
		Indian Jews feel ambivalent; they want foreign Jews to appreciate that India's policies are not antisemitic, but reflect such factors as the importance of the Arab world for India's foreign trade, the political views of its 80,000,000 Muslim citizens, and its aspirations to Third World leadership.
		The affinities between Hindus and Jews go beyond their shared perception of a Muslim adversary, and while secularism has been in the interest of Jews in most nations of exile, it may be that the Indian case is a notable exception.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/jl101.htm (4205 words)

	The Jewish Community of Cochin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The earliest evidence of the settlement of Jews on the Malabar Coast is given by two copper plates in the possession of the congregation of the White Jews.
		In 1923, the first Zionist organization was founded in Cochin, and the Jews sent representatives to the Zionist Federation in London and even appointed I. Zangwill as their representative to one of the Zionist congresses, being themselves unable to send a delegate.
		In 1970, the Jews from Cochin in Israel numbered approximately 4,000.The magnificent 16th century Paradesi synagogue in Cochin is still in use.
	www.bh.org.il /Communities/Archive/Cochin.asp (1140 words)

	Kerala Jews
		Unfortunately for the Jews of Cochin,the Portuguese occupied Cochin in this same period and indulged in the persecutions of Jews until the Dutch displaced them in 1660 but due to the persecutions and fear many Jews converted or were not discovered because of their assimilation in the culture of Cochin and names identical to Christians.
		The Jews of India achieved their maximum population and wealth during the British rule and the community of Jews at Calcutta continued to grow and prosper and trade amongst all the cities of the far east and to the rest of the world.
		The Jews have adopted and modified many of their host country's customs; Colour full oil lamps hang from synagogue ceilings in keeping with Hindu tradition; all synagogues are entered barefoot and for hardala flowers are sniffed and then tucked into the pockets signifying shabbat's end.
	www.shalom2.20m.com /page3.htm (2685 words)

	\|\| Indian Christianity \|\|
		The Cochin Jews were historically divided into two major communities-the so- called Black Jews, or Malabaris (85 percent of Cochinis), who regard themselves as the descendants of the original settlers, and the White Jews, or Paradesim (14 percent), descendants of immigrants from various Middle East and European countries.
		Although Jews, like Christians, are outside India's caste system, they developed a strict code of their own, which for centuries dictated that the three communities and their subgroups could not live together, socialize or intermarry.
		The palace, built by the Portuguese and given to the Cochin raja in 1555, was renovated by the Dutch in 1663.
	www.indianchristianity.org /jews.html (2381 words)

	Cochini Jews of Kerala
		These Jews forefathers are considered to have arrived in India as merchants during the period of King Solomon.
		The Jews who were a principality with no real army deserted their principality and asked for shelter from the king of Cochin.
		Numerically the Cochini Jews at their height were 3000 and that was in the 1940s.
	adaniel.tripod.com /cochin.htm (709 words)

	UJC - Jewish Week: Passover In Jewtown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Cochin is a small town in Kerala, India’s southern province on the coast of the Arabian Sea, and Hallegua is a descendant of the Sephardic families who eventually landed in that town and others in the province after their expulsion from Spain.
		In the Cochin community, it was believed that if a Jewish woman were to make even the slightest mistake in Passover preparation during the 100 days before the actual seder, then the lives of her husband and her children would be endangered.
		Cochin Jews, with an intense belief in the biblical injunction to return to Israel, have largely abandoned the land in which they have enjoyed a happy existence for 2,000 years and resettled there.
	www.ujc.org /content_display.html?ArticleID=180765 (950 words)

	S.C.J. FAQ: Section 13.9. Jews as a Nation: Who Are The Jews of India, And What Are Their Origins?
		The native language of the Bene Israel was Marathi, while the Cochin Jews of southern India spoke Malayalam.
		The Jews of Cochin say that they came to Cranganore (south-west coast of India) after the destruction of the Temple in 70ce.
		Under British rule, the Jews of India achieved their maximum population and wealth, and the Calcutta community continued to grow and prosper and trade amongst all the cities of the far east and to the rest of the world.
	shamash.org /lists/scj-faq/HTML/faq/13-09.html (1349 words)

	CPAmedia.com: India's Jews: Surviving Against the Odds
		India's 6,500 Jews may well be one of that country's smallest and least visible minorities, yet their contribution to India throughout the ages is certainly not to be ignored.
		The Jews sided with the Dutch, as under the intolerant Portuguese their religious freedom and even their lives were at stake.
		Though occasionally it is assumed that Jews settled in the Bombay area as early as the 6th century, it was not until the 18th century that they made any notable impact.
	www.cpamedia.com /travel/india_jews (1371 words)

	Rey Chow
		The Jews of Cochin are the oldest of the three Jewish communities.
		The Cochin Jews were persecuted under Portuguese rule (1498-1663), as fervor from the Inquisition followed immigration to India.
		Jews were given jobs in the military, the navy, commerce, and construction, but ironically abandoned their original oil pressing monopoly as the Empire took over.
	www.english.emory.edu /Bahri/Jews.html (1579 words)

	FORWARD : News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Jew Street and the island's synagogue have become highlights of tourists' itineraries — a development that both pleases and dismays Hallegua.
		But when a group of American Jews enters, his passion for his religion is ignited and this tiny, weak man is suddenly transformed, with a glow in his eyes and a surprising burst of energy.
		The Jews of Cochin are not entirely isolated; there is a small contingent of Jews living in Ernakulam, a town on the mainland of Kerala across the bridge from Cochin.
	www.forward.com /issues/2003/03.10.03/news7.letter.html (1038 words)

	Jewish Language Research Website: Jewish Malayalam
		Kerala Jews are known as Cochin Jews in the popular discourses of Israel and other parts of the world.
		The terms Black Jews and White Jews, referring to the centuries-old community and the more recent immigrants from Europe and the Middle East, respectively, were popularized by foreign visitors and colonialists and are considered derogatory.
		Jews, Christians, and Muslims have been able to take full part in Malayalam-speaking society while maintaining their religious distinctiveness, expressed partly through linguistic means.
	www.jewish-languages.org /jewish-malayalam.html (1445 words)

	Foreword to The Last Jews of Cochin: Jewish Identity in Hindu India
		What comes out of their account is that while Cochin Jewry was very much a part of India, it was also very much part of the whole Jewish world, that as far as it was from the main centers of Jewish life it was never out of contact with them.
		They suggest that the Jews of the United States emphasize the prophetic dimension, a Judaism of ethics with a minimum of ritual and ceremony, while the Jews of Cochin emphasized the priestly and royal dimensions in keeping with the Hindu environment of India which also emphasizes those dimensions.
		As the authors indicate, it was the very success of modernization and secularization in Indian society that threatened the survival of the community as young people began to be attracted into the Indian mainstream and it became impossible for the community to live in the old ways and thus preserve the old traditions.
	www.jcpa.org /dje/articles/cochin-pref.htm (1464 words)

	Adherents.com: By Location
		Cochin never lost contact with the rest of the Jewish world, as did the Bene Israel, so their identity was never challenged.
		The Cochin Jews claim that their ancestors came to India after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, but although Israelites may even have reached India in pre-Christian times, the only certainty is that Jews had settled on the Malabar coast before the end of the first millennium AD.
		The Black Jews, whose skin is dark in colour, are the descendants of the original Jewish settlers who converted a number of their native slaves and servants and then, over a period of time, intermarried with them...
	www.adherents.com /adhloc/Wh_137.html (3909 words)

	Education World® - *Social Sciences : Area Studies : Asia : India : Religions : Judaism
		Jewish Synagogue, Cochin Describes the Jewish synagogue originally built in 1568, and the diminishment of the Jewish population in the area.
		Jews In The Caste System of India Details the difference between the Cochini and Bene Israel Jews of India and their roles within the Hindu caste system.
		Jews of Cochin, India Furnishes theories of the first Jewish settlements in Cochin, and details the early documentation and historic synagogue they left behind.
	db.education-world.com /perl/browse?cat_id=10634 (523 words)

	The Discovery of The Words of Gad the Seer
		According to that 'Chronicle of the Jews in Cochin', their special history began in the exile caused by Shalmaneser, King of Assyria, who conquered Samaria in the ninth year of Hoshea the son of Elah (2 Kgs 17:1 ff.).
		The Chronicle of the Jews of Cochin continues with a description of the history of those books which, according to it, were confiscated by the king, and only after a fast and prayers were the books returned to the Jews - 10 years later.
		According to the 'Chronicle of the Jews of Cochin' these letters of Ahasuerus are held there in the heathen temples of the inhabitants; not only that but, together with the Jews, these people celebrate the Purim festival since that area was under the rule of King Ahasuerus.
	faculty.biu.ac.il /~barilm/gadiscov.html (5634 words)

	INDIAN JEWS -- THE JEWS OF COCHIN - Miller Permanent Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Indian objects in the Miller Museum Collection are from Cochin, a city on the Malabar (Southwestern) Coast of India, although Cochin was not the only Jewish community in the sub-continent.
		The earliest evidence of a Jewish presence is a set of copper plates, written in the Tamil language, which refers to the settlement of Jews in Cranganore, a town north of Cochin, on the Malabar Coast.
		Among the Jews of Cochin were Paradesi (foreigners) exiles who settled there from Cranganore in the early 16th century.
	www.jewishmuseum.net /Permanent/Indian_Jews.htm (288 words)

	Amazon.ca: Who Are the Jews of India?: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It was a UC Berkeley professor of history, Walter J. Fischel, who pioneered the study of the Jews in India in his 1962 article, "Cochin in Jewish History: Prolegomena to a History of the Jews in India," published in The Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research.
		The three Indian Jewish communities have a distinct history: the Cochin Jews arrived as early as the first century; the Bene Israel Jews of greater Bombay arrived, they claim, 1600 years ago; and the Baghdadi Jews of the port cities of Bombay and Calcutta arrived in the middle of the eighteenth century.
		The Cochin Jews claim their ancestors arrived in Shingly, near Cochin, on the southwest coast of India in 72 A. D., fleeing the destruction of the second temple by the Romans.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0520213238 (1456 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - India
		The Bene Israel claim to be descended from Jews who escaped persecution in Galilee in the 2nd century B.C.E. The Bene Israel resemble the non-Jewish Maratha people in appearance and customs, which indicates intermarriage between Jews and Indians.
		The "White Jews" settled later, coming to India from western European nations such as Holland and Spain.
		The Jews of Cochin say that they came to Cranganore (south-west coast of India) after the destruction of the Temple in 70 C.E. They had, in effect, their own principality for many centuries until a chieftainship dispute broke out between two brothers in the 15th century.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/indians.html (1022 words)

	Judaism in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Jews settled predominantly in the south and along the western coast of India.
		In the 16th century, Jews faced persecution at the hands of the Catholics from Portugal who occupied Cochin and were colonizing the southern part of India.
		For example, the Paradesi Synagogue in Cochin built in 1568, is reputed to be the oldest in the British Commonwealth, and attracts tourists for its elegance and magnificence.
	www.indiausa-sc.org /ju.htm (531 words)

	Who Are the Jews of India?
		Jews in India are mostly Orthodox or Sephardic in their worship and lifestyle.
		At the root of his examination of the marginality of the Jews in India lies the reality that the Jews are the smallest minority group in India and simultaneously, in India reside the smallest of the Jewish diaspora in the world.
		Katz demonstrates how these Jews used narratives and rituals to construct a past and negotiate a present place in the social order, establishing their status in relation to both priestly and ruling classes.
	www.khazaria.com /katz.html (2070 words)

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