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Topic: Cocoa Protocol

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	Cocoa - Alternative medicine - Alternative medicine
		Cocoa is the dried and partially fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which chocolate is made.
		Chocolate and cocoa are made from the beans of the cacao tree, which apparently originated in the foothills of the Andes in the Amazon RiverAmazon and Orinoco basins of South America.
		Cocoa powder is made from this "liquor" by removing part of its fatty vegetable oiloils (the "cocoa butter" used in confectionery, soaps, and cosmetics), either with a hydraulic press or by using the Broma process.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Cocoa (1071 words)

	Cocoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cocoa may refer to either the dried and partially fermented fatty seeds of the cacao tree, which are used to make chocolate; or, more usually in the United States, to cocoa powder, the dry powder made by grinding the seeds and removing the cocoa butter.
		Chocolate and cocoa are made from the beans of the cacao tree, which apparently originated in the highlands of the Amazon and Orinoco basins of South America.
		Cocoa powder is made from this "liquor" by removing part of its fatty oilss -- the "cocoa butter" used in confectionery, soaps, and cosmetics -- either with a hydraulic press or by using the Broma process.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/co/cocoa.html (1039 words)

	Encyclopedia: Cocoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cocoa is the dried and partially fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree, which by itself, has an extremely bitter flavor, but is commonly used to make chocolate.
		Chocolate and cocoa are made from the beans of the cacao tree, which apparently originated in the foothills of the Andes in the Amazon and Orinoco basins of South America.
		Cocoa powder is made from this "liquor" by removing part of its fatty oils (the "cocoa butter" used in confectionery, soaps, and cosmetics), either with a hydraulic press or by using the Broma process.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Cocoa (2354 words)

	Articles - Cocoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cocoa is the dried and partially fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which chocolate is made.
		Prices for the commodity reached a five year high in November 2004; this is because exports from CÃ´te d'Ivoire are likely to be cut due to escalating violence in the region.
		About 3,000,000 tonnes of cocoa are grown each year.
	www.awningz.com /articles/Cocoa (916 words)

	Mars Incorporated Cocoa Sustainability – Resources, FAQ’s Protocol
		Cocoa sustainability is essential to the crop in West Africa.
		The Harkin-Engel Protocol, however, is just one part of our broader effort to support social improvement, economic development and environmental conservation in cocoa farming communities.
		The industry is proud of its work to meet the obligations of the Protocol, and is committed to refining the certification process and to improving the lives of West African cocoa farmers and their families.
	www.cocoasustainability.mars.com /Resources/FAQ.html (1117 words)

	Anti-Slavery - Cocoa industry launches scheme to combat child labour
		The international cocoa industry announced on 6 October the launch of a pilot scheme in Côte d'Ivoire to monitor the use of illegal child labour.
		Anti-Slavery International is also calling for the industry to tackle other forms of forced labour apart from illegal child labour and to offer a price guarantee to the small farmers similar to that offered by fair trade organisations.
		The move stems from the Cocoa Protocol, which was agreed in 2001 by the cocoa industry, a number of human rights organisations and trade unions, after worldwide attention was drawn to the issue of slavery in cocoa production.
	www.antislavery.org /homepage/news/cocoa061004.htm (149 words)

	Enabling Accessibility in Your Cocoa Application
		protocol is implemented by the standard user interface classes in Cocoa, making all Cocoa applications automatically support a rich baseline of accessibility.
		For instance, take the simple example of a Cocoa application with a single window, and in that window is a single button. For the user, it is enough to know just this much: There is a button in a window, and the button performs some application-specific task.
		To solve this problem, the accessibility protocol allows you to specify that certain interface elements be ignored, and therefore not be represented by an accessibility object in an assistive application.
	developer.apple.com /ue/accessibility/accessibilityincocoa.html (2972 words)

	Save the Children Canada: Get Involved > Advocate / Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Protocol is a six-point action plan for the voluntary public certification of child slave free cocoa in chocolate by the year 2005.
		The adviser to the Protocol is the ILO and projects undertaken under the Protocol have been funded by ILO, U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S. Department of Labor, the Canadian International Development Agency and some chocolate companies.
		The fifth step in the Protocol is the Establishment of a Joint Foundation funded by the chocolate industry to oversee and sustain efforts for the removal of the worst forms of child labor, including funding field projects, building a clearinghouse on best practices.
	www.savethechildren.ca /whatwedo/advocate/traffick/harkin.html (1507 words)

	CocoaDev: FormalProtocols
		A formal protocol in objective c is also an object, though it doesn't inherit from NSObject and doesn't adopt the NSObject protocol.
		In Java formal protocols are represented by interfaces (the interface keyword), they are almost identical with ObjC protocols, but they integrate more with the language syntax, the < and > aren't really seamless with the rest of the ObjC syntax imo.
		I get a feeling that Cocoa developers often avoid protocols, and part of this may be because of that they feel differently syntactically, although much of it is because of the dynamism of the language making types not so important (and typing is a good reason to use protocols).
	www.cocoadev.com /index.pl?FormalProtocols (1724 words)

	Cocoa - Real Time & Delayed Quotes, Charts, News and Data for Futures, Stocks, Commodities and Indexes - TradeSignals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hot cocoa is often confused with hot chocolate, but hot cocoa is made from the cocoa solids, while true hot chocolate is made from whole chocolate.
		Dutch process cocoa powder, which is what is generally available most everywhere in the world except the United States and has less acidity.
		Cocoa Protocol for an effort to end this.
	www.tradesignals.com /glossary/Cocoa (916 words)

	Anti-Slavery - Campaign - Action on Cocoa
		Both governments and the cocoa industry have done little to inform farmers of the laws concerning forced labour and the employment of child labour.
		The question of forced labour in cocoa has to be understood in the broader context of human trafficking throughout West Africa.
		While work continues to rid the cocoa industry of forced and exploited labour, the only way consumers can be confident that the goods they purchase are made under fair conditions is by buying products that carry the fair trade label.
	www.antislavery.org /homepage/campaign/cocoabackground.htm (878 words)

	Learning Cocoa: Chapter 6: Essential Cocoa Paradigms
		These topics have been singled out for special attention because they are central to the design of the Cocoa frameworks, and the architectural perspectives involved are likely to be unfamiliar to developers new to the subtleties of object-oriented programming.
		In Cocoa, a dictionary differs from an array in that the key used to access a particular value in the dictionary remains the same as values are added to or removed from the dictionary--until a value associated with a particular key is replaced or removed.
		Cocoa uses the lower-left corner of the frame rectangle to define the window's location relative to the screen's coordinate system and to establish the base coordinate system for the views of the window.
	www.oreilly.com /catalog/learncocoa/apple/ch06.html (7590 words)

	PLANTS UNDER CULTIVATION
		A cocoa pod has a rough leathery rind about 3 cm thick (this varies with the origin and variety of pod).
		cocoa powder, which is less acidic, darker and more mellow in flavour than what is generally available in most of the world.
		Regular (nonalkalized) cocoa is acidic, so when added to an alkaline ingredient like baking soda, the two react and leave a byproduct.
	www.africa-first.com /plants_under_cultivation.htm (5457 words)

	WindowsDevCenter.com -- Components of Object-Oriented Programming
		These methods may be empty or partially implemented, but their purpose is to inform us that subclasses of this class need to implement these methods in their own way.
		As before, these formal protocols provide a set of method declarations that must be defined by classes that conform to this protocol.
		Cocoa makes extensive use of protocols, and these protocols will be discussed in their own right in later columns.
	www.oreillynet.com /pub/a/mac/2001/04/20/cocoa.html?page=2 (839 words)

	Cacao Cocoa alkalized,butter,chocolate, powder ccbolgrop
		Cocoa pods in various stages of ripeningWhen the pods ripen, they are harvested from the trunks and branches of the Cocoa tree with a curved knife on a long pole.
		The Cocoa Protocol has been critiqued by a number of groups including the International Labor Rights Fund since it is an industry initiative which has failed to meet its goals of phasing out child labor in the industry.
		The ingestion of flavonol-rich cocoa is associated with acute elevation of circulating Nitrous oxide, enhanced flow-mediated vasodilation, and augmented microcirculation.
	ccbolgroup.com /cacaoE.html (1923 words)

	Copyright Access Center
		COCOA stands for "Copyright Owners' Control of Access." The "COCOA standard" or "COCOA Protocol" is a technical description how copyright owners' would describe what visibility they would like for scanned paged images of their work.
		COCOA was designed with other media in mind, so that music and video files can be described in terms of what amount could be played for free (say, the first 30 seconds of all songs from a certain publisher or 100% of a specific video).
		COCOA is flexible, easy to use, comprehensive, and adheres to the copyright law precept that it's the copyright owners who specify what's visible.
	www.tech-soft.com /cocoa/faq.php (6310 words)

	The Hershey Company - Making A Difference: Cocoa Farming - Responsible Labor Practices
		The Ivory Coast is the largest producer of cocoa in the world and has over 600,000 small family farms and nearly 5 million people who depend upon this very important crop for their livelihood.
		When the issue of child labor in cocoa growing first arose in 2001, The Hershey Company made a commitment to play a leadership role in ensuring that cocoa is grown responsibly.
		In addition, the International Cocoa Initiative is taking a leadership role in helping communities build schools, recruit qualified teachers, and make other changes to improve the quality of life for young people.
	www.thehersheycompany.com /making/cocoa-labor.asp (439 words)

	Slavery - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A first step towards this objective is the Cocoa Protocol, by which the entire cocoa industry worldwide has accepted full moral and legal responsibility for the entire comprehensive outcome of their production processes.
		Negotiations for this protocol were initiated for cotton, sugar and other commodity items in the 19th century - taking about 140 years to complete.
		Thus it seems that this is also a turning point in history, where all commodity markets can slowly lever licensing and other requirements to ensure that slavery is eliminated from production, one industry at a time, as a sectoral simultaneous policy that does not cause disadvantages for any one market player.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /slavery.htm (8194 words)

	ILO - InFocus Programme on Child Labour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cocoa is the main ingredient in chocolate, and cocoa growing is one of the many agriculture sectors where children work.
		The slogan of the foundation is “promoting socially, economically and environmentally responsible cocoa-growing.” Survey results have indicated for example that both children and the environment are being damaged by the use of pesticides, often applied without protective equipment.
		In addition, the mobilisation of so many different organisations around a single goal, has acted as a springboard for programmes of direct ILO assistance to get children in the cocoa industry back to school, often giving their parents the chance to work and earn a living.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/standards/ipec/themes/cocoa/index.htm (587 words)

	Globalization and Child Labor: The Cause Can Also Be A Cure - Global Policy Forum
		Moreover, the signatories to the Protocol agreed to develop and put in place a certification to assure consumers that processed cacao was not produced in these conditions by July 1, 2005.
		Consequently, while the Cocoa Protocol may reduce child labor in one sector, it cannot guarantee that children won't continue to work in other sectors.
		The Cocoa Protocol offers a model as to how policymakers working in collaboration with industry, unions and civil society, might address these problems in one sector without distorting trade.
	www.globalpolicy.org /socecon/labor/2007/0313causecure.htm (1293 words)

	Free The Children - Current Question
		Since cocoa trees need high temperatures, a humid climate, loose soil and a perfect balance of sun and shade to thrive, there are only a few countries in the world able to produce the beloved cocoa bean.
		Many of the young boys working on cocoa plantations are also the victims of trafficking rings, organized cartels smuggling boys from one country to another without their permission and without their families even knowing.
		It is also important to understand that one of the major catalysts for the increasing amounts of abusive and slave labour in the cocoa industry is the ways in which modern globalization is moving and forcing itself upon the world economy.
	www.freethechildren.com /getinvolved/geteducated/currentquestion.htm (1762 words)

	Child Labor Coalition’s Statement on Industry’s Progress on the Worst Forms of Child Labor In Cocoa Growing
		The Harkin-Engel Protocol established a unique partnership between government, industry, unions, nongovernmental organizations, and consumer groups to address and end the worst forms of child labor and forced labor in the growing, processing, and supply chain of cocoa.
		The Protocol outlined a program for West Africa with an understanding that similar programs would also need to eventually be implemented in other cocoa producing countries.
		However, given the limited scope of current certification and the disturbing report by the independent cocoa verification group, we believe that a process for monitoring the commitments made in the Protocol must be established to ensure that real progress is made toward eliminating the worst forms of child labor and forced labor in the Industry.
	www.stopchildlabor.org /pressroom/cocoa_statement.html (582 words)

	Chocolate Manufacturers Association :: Chocolate/Cocoa Industry Provides Progress Report on Responsible Cocoa Farming
		Established under the Protocol, the ICI was formed to act as a catalyst for efforts to ensure cocoa is grown responsibly.
		The chocolate/cocoa industry is firmly committed to the Protocol agreement to ensure cocoa is grown responsibly.
		As an industry, we are committed to the social, economic and environmental development of cocoa farming communities -- a commitment that extends far beyond the Protocol established under the Protocol.
	sev.prnewswire.com /agriculture/20050214/CGM04114022005-1.html (1843 words)

	Friends of Animals \| Fair Trade Chocolate \| Winter 2005 - 2006
		Cocoa is chocolate’s main ingredient, and the vast majority of it comes from small farms, mostly in financially poor areas of the global south, where children clear fields with machetes and apply dangerous pesticides.
		Two months after the Harkin-Engel Protocol was signed, more than 70 advocacy groups collectively known as the Child Labor coalition acknowledged the industry’s initiative but asked corporations to commit to ending exploitive child labor on cocoa farms worldwide—not just in West Africa.
		Fair Trade cocoa beans aren’t generic chocolate, but rather beans that can be traced back to an individual community and even to individual farmers.
	www.friendsofanimals.org /actionline/winter-2006/buy-fair-trade.php (3586 words)

	Business & Human Rights : Chocolate & cocoa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Cocoa Protocol, agreed between the European and North American chocolate industry, human-rights groups and trade unions, is aimed at removing slave labour from the cocoa supply chain.
		In 2001, [cocoa producers, traders, suppliers, governments, unions and civil society groups] created a multi-sectoral partnership, the Cocoa Protocol, to address the conditions that perpetuate forced child labor on these cacao plantations...
		The Cocoa Protocol offers a model as to how policymakers working in collaboration with industry, unions and civil society, might address [child labour] problems in one sector...
	www.business-humanrights.org /Categories/Sectors/Agriculturefoodbeveragetobaccofishing/Chocolatecocoa (1153 words)

	O'Reilly Network -- Networking in Cocoa
		Cocoa in a Nutshell with James Duncan Davidson.
		The RCE protocol specifies that a properly formatted method has three components, and its first component is the string "_rce_".
		In the original protocol, we used _rce_ as the identifier of this protocol's message.
	www.macdevcenter.com /pub/a/mac/2003/05/13/cocoa.html (6440 words)

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