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Topic: Cocoa West

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In the News (Thu 10 Dec 09)

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	IITA \| News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cocoa accounts for a large share of total household income among cocoa farmers- ranging from 50 percent in Cameroon, 55 percent in Ghana, 66 percent in Côte d'Ivoire, to 68 percent in Nigeria.
		Even though cocoa farming is the main source of income, the quantity of cocoa production is relatively low making it difficult for families to have sufficient income to meet their needs.
		In West Africa, the average cocoa yield is in the range of 207 kg/ha in Ghana to 475 kg/ha in Nigeria.
	www.iita.org /news/chlab-rpt.htm (1217 words)

	Grand Theft Auto: Cocoa
		Cocoa Village is the finest district in Cocoa.
		Cocoa Village certainly is the jewel in Cocoa’s crown.
		West Cocoa is a criminal’s paradise, with every illegal act common practice on its streets.
	www.geocities.com /gtacocoa/gtacmain.html (897 words)

	Cocoa Beach Florida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Cocoa Beach was the setting for the 1960s sitcom ''I Dream of Jeannie''.
		Cocoa is located at 28°22'10" North, 80°44'38" West (28.369334, -80.743779).
		Cocoa West is located at 28°21'42" North, 80°45'47" West (28.361735, -80.762949).
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/39/cocoa-beach-florida.html (2542 words)

	Towards an Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Cocoa Production in Ghana - Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center - ...
		Cocoa is perhaps the most important export crop for countries in the forest zone of West Africa and is the main source of foreign exchange for some of them, including Ghana.
		The cocoa industry in West Africa is dominated by a large number of peasant farmers who cultivate small farms of about 0.5 to 5.0 hectares and who lack the resources to expand or improve their farms.
		In Ghana, cocoa mirids have been known as serious pests since 1908 (Dungeon, 1910) and because of their devastating effects, the local farmers called them "Sankonuabe" which literally means "go back to the planting of oil palm", reflecting the situation before the introduction of cocoa (Johnson, 1962).
	nationalzoo.si.edu /ConservationAndScience/MigratoryBirds/Research/Cacao/padi.cfm (10301 words)

	Cocoa-Rockledge Historical Trail
		In Cocoa, Bungalows are strongly horizontal in appearance, one to one and one-half stories with a shallow sloping roof.
		Cocoa's first school, located on the west side of town, was replaced in 1900 by a two-story six-room building at this location.
		Cocoa commercial buildings of this style are characterized by flat parapet roofs, decorative brick work, belt courses, and name and date panels.
	www.geocities.com /yosemite/rapids/8428/hikeplans/cocoa-rockledge/plancocoarock.html (4623 words)

	Global Exchange : Background
		Most cocoa farmers are trapped in poverty and forced to rely on child labor and even child slavery against their heartfelt wishes to do otherwise.
		Many of these children work on family farms, the children of cocoa farmers who are so trapped in poverty they have to make the hard choice to keep their children out of school to work.
		About 64% of children on cocoa farms are under age 14, meaning that the loss of an education comes at an early age for the majority of children on cocoa farms.
	www.globalexchange.org /campaigns/fairtrade/cocoa/background.html (1805 words)

	Cocoa
		Cocoa is a tropical crop which is grown mostly in a zone that extends 15 degrees north and 15 degrees south of the equator.
		The International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) reported in November 2002 that its estimate of the 2001/02 world cocoa crop was 2.818 million tonnes, a very slight 3,000 tonne increase from the 2000/01 world crop of 2.815 million tonnes.
		Cocoa futures and options are traded at the CSCE Division of the New York Board of Trade (NYBOT) and on the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (LIFFE).
	www.spectrumcommodities.com /education/commodity/cc.html (840 words)

	The case for cocoa
		The West African cocoa-producing countries are amongst the world's poorest and their economies are critically dependent on cocoa.
		West African growers are smaller and more isolated than those in other parts of the world, where size gives growers muscle in their negotiations with dealers, and they have fewer alternative crops to grow.
		Ghanaian cocoa is the best: Ghanaian growers are famed for the skill and care in which they process the ripe cocoa beans to develop the full flavour required for the best chocolate.
	www.co-op.co.uk /ext_1/Development.nsf/504ca249c786e20f85256284006da7ab/41c18f560d1a753880256c7800367c7a (1084 words)

	::: Confectionery Manufacturers of Australasia - Illegal Labour Practices Update ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The chocolate and cocoa industry continues to be active in seeking to achieve a long-term, universal solution to address abusive labour practices in the growing of cocoa.
		West Africa accounts for approximately 70 per cent of the world’s cocoa production, with an estimated 43 percent produced by Côte d’Ivoire, 15 per cent produced by Ghana, 7 per cent produced by Nigeria, and 4 per cent by Cameroon.
		The International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) was launched in July 2002 and commits major Western manufacturers of chocolate and other cocoa products to work with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and local governments in devising programs to monitor and enforce international bans on abusive child and forced labour where cocoa beans are grown and harvested.
	www.candy.net.au /CMA/components/news/article.asp?id=212 (1268 words)

	CHILD LABOR / Fields of Shame / Cocoa Wars
		The Ivory Coast is the world's largest producer of cocoa, the crucial ingredient in chocolate, and the civil war has halted serious efforts to improve labor conditions on cocoa farms there.
		The moral questions over cocoa were first widely asked in the summer of 2001 when a spate of media reports described a persistent pattern of child exploitation in the cocoa fields of Ivory Coast and in neighboring Ghana, the world's No. 2 producer.
		Initially, the debate over cocoa was defined by allegations of child slavery, but a recent survey conducted for the cocoa industry found that, while child labor was widespread in cocoa production, there were few examples of outright bondage.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2003/03/02/IN41015.DTL&type=printable (1185 words)

	Hershey's Commitment to Responsible Cocoa Growing - The Hershey Company
		Today, West Africa is the leading source of cocoa, growing 70 percent of the world’s supply.
		The cocoa is grown on over 1.5 million small family farms typically between 7 and 17 acres many of which are located in remote areas of these countries.
		Contrary to media reports, the survey found that the vast majority of farmers in the region grow cocoa responsibly; no instances of slavery or forced labor were found on the more than 4,500 farms surveyed.
	www.hersheyfoods.com /about/cocoagrowing.asp (1024 words)

	UNDP Newsfront - Cocoa industry and partners ready to aid West African farmers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Current methods of cocoa farming -- including growing only cocoa rather than rotating crops and using many chemicals -- undermine biodiversity, leading to environmental degradation and destruction of critical ecosystems.
		As a result, pests and disease cost farmers as much as 30 per cent of their harvests, threatening livelihoods and the cocoa supply to the industry.
		The partnership -- comprising UNDP, Conservation International and the World Cocoa Foundation -- came together at a workshop the three organizations sponsored in Washington, D.C. recently, the culmination of a three-year dialogue between UNDP and key members of the cocoa industry.
	www.undp.org /dpa/frontpagearchive/2003/october/24oct03 (454 words)

	Cocoa industry moves against child labour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The International Cocoa Initiative, established on Monday, represents the latest international, multisectoral effort "to eliminate abusive child labour practices in cocoa cultivation and processing", the US-based Chocolate Manufacturers Association (CMA) said.
		The protocol, which some West African governments have signed, also includes pilot programmes and studies that are to be launched in September in various countries.
		Following a regional meeting held in March in Gabon, West African governments have set 2004 as target date for the signing of a protocol against child labour and exploitation.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=28645 (435 words)

	Global Exchange : Poverty, poor education exacerbate child labor in West Africa’s cocoa plantations
		West African cocoa growers have been accused of abusive child labor practices, including indentured servitude and trafficking minors.
		About 200,000 children are sold across West African borders each year, according to the U.N. Children's Fund, and many end up on the region's cocoa and coffee plantations.
		About two-thirds of the cocoa used in the chocolate industry is grown in West Africa, according to a recent report commissioned by the conference hosts.
	www.globalexchange.org /campaigns/fairtrade/cocoa/448.html (517 words)

	Activists Target Chocolate, Gold on Valentine's Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Concern about child labor in cocoa production has grown since reports that thousands of West African children were being forced to work on cocoa farms in West Africa surfaced several years ago in the western media.
		They are convinced that the key to tackling the child labor in West African cocoa fields lies as much, or more, with ensuring that farmers are paid a fair price for their cocoa.
		Fair trade cocoa is produced by cooperatives whose operations are certified by Fairtrade Labeling Organizations (FLO) as complying with certain standards.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines04/0214-01.htm (1052 words)

	Anti-Slavery - news cocoa report child labour on Africa cocoa farms
		The report, released on 26 July, is the first comprehensive report to examine child labour on cocoa farms in West Africa.
		It examined child labour on 1,500 cocoa farms in Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon, which collectively produce 70 per cent of the world's cocoa.
		Pressure from organisations like Anti-Slavery and increased public attention on the issue of child trafficking and forced labour on cocoa farms has persuaded the international chocolate industry to take action on this issue.It is crucial that measures taken to stop this abuse also prevent children and adults from being forced into slavery in other sectors.
	www.antislavery.org /homepage/news/cocoareport290702.htm (362 words)

	MIRID BIBLIOGRAPHY
		Study-days on the cocoa mirids in West Africa, Yaounde, 16-19 Aorocniaolz [in French].
		Dunn, J. The resistance pattern in a strain of the cocoa capsid Distaniella theobroma (Dist).
		Piart, J. Seasonal fluctuations in the fertility of the cocoa tree on the Mirid, Distantiella theobroma Dist. [In French; Summary in: English].
	www.oardc.ohio-state.edu /cocoa/mirids.htm (5664 words)

	M&Ms Pressured to use Fair Trade
		Declaring that cocoa farmers in West African states receive inadequate pay for their crop and that slave laborers are used to pick and process the beans, Global Exchange said it is attempting to put a stop to those practices.
		Fair-trade cocoa guarantees that cooperatives of poor farmers are paid a fair price for their harvests, "allowing them to provide a dignified quality of life for their families," the release said.
		On the latter, "we refer to (improve) the economic conditions, social conditions and the environmental conditions under which cocoa is grown," she noted.
	www.organicconsumers.org /Starbucks/mandms.cfm (1076 words)

	afrol News - Next West African cocoa harvest "without slave labour"
		Representatives of the global chocolate and cocoa industry today released a "progress report" on their work against "abusive child labour practices" on cocoa plantations since 2001.
		Child slavery on cocoa plantations should therefore be widely avoided during that harvest.
		The global chocolate and cocoa industry in 2001 however also was urged to address the deeper socio-economic problems that are behind the use of forced child labour on cocoa plantations.
	www.afrol.com /articles/15616 (660 words)

	Globalization, Candy and Gold : Houston Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The meeting is part of a national day of action designed to press the nation's biggest manufacturer of chocolate products to buy its cocoa beans from farmer cooperatives that prohibit abusive practices and provide their members with a minimum price per pound.
		West Africa produces roughly two-thirds of the world's cocoa beans.
		Some 42,000 cocoa farmers and their families are currently involved in eight Fair Trade cooperatives in Ghana, Cameroon, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, and Ecuador.
	houston.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=26542 (900 words)

	The Cocoa Tree: Helping Kids, Helping Families (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The chocolate and cocoa industry will do everything possible to ensure that children on cocoa farms have a chance to enjoy their childhood.
		The cocoa industry, along with international experts and regional governments, has developed a plan to stop abusive child labor on cocoa farms.
		The cocoa industry and its partners are working hard to balance international labor standards and local cultural traditions.
	www.cocoatree.org /lifeonacocoafarm/helpingkidshelpingfamilies.asp (480 words)

	CABI Commodities Project - Sustainable cocoa production in West Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The restructuring of cocoa production in Ghana and the incorporation of cocoa extension into national agricultural extension also provide further opportunities for bringing a farmer participatory approach to training and research in cocoa cropping systems as a whole.
		The proceedings of the West African cocoa IPM workshop, November 2001, are available here.
		Based on the outcome of this project, new national and/or regional implementation projects may be formulated on cocoa farmer training.
	www.cabi-commodities.org /Cocoa/CocP/CocPPPscp.htm (383 words)

	Cocoa West News
		Local news for Cocoa West, FL continually updated from thousands of sources on the web.
		NASA might remove the large ramp of foam insulation that shed a 3-foot long slab of debris on the first post-Columbia shuttle mission.
		Cocoa Beach school remembers 40 years of good times
	www.topix.net /city/cocoa-west-fl (454 words)

	PEA Press Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fair Trade cocoa and chocolate certification was introduced to the United States in 2002 through TransFair U.S.A. Mary Adu Kumi is a member of the Kuapa KoKoo Fair Trade cocoa cooperative in Ghana.
		Her home, Ghana, is one of the world’s major cocoa producers and is located in West Africa, where abusive child labor on cocoa farms has reemerged.
		She is touring the United States to share a firsthand account of life in cocoa farming communities and explain the critical importance of Fair Trade in ending abusive labor practices and exploitation on cocoa farms.
	www.exeter.edu /communications/pr/Ghanian.html (618 words)

	Central Area Mainland 1: Parks and Recreation Department, Brevard County, Florida
		The western region, called the Mainland Service Sector, is bounded on the east by the Indian River Lagoon and extends west to the St. Johns River.
		FROM US Hwy 1, go west 0.4 miles on SR-520, turn left on Blake Avenue and go 0.4 miles, turn right and go to the end of Knight Street.
		This 1.94-acre neighborhood park is currently being renovated with re-opening anticipated for 2005.
	www.brevardparks.com /parks/prkmn1.htm (648 words)

	CABI Commodities Project - Mycotoxin (ochratoxin A) producing fungi in West African cocoa crops (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is commonly associated with many food crops grown in semi-tropical and temperate climates, including cereals, coffee, pulses and cocoa.
		Growth of the mould and the production of the mycotoxin is dependent upon a number of factors such as temperature and humidity during the growth, harvesting and subsequent drying and storage of the crop.
		The EU is considering bringing in regulatory limits for ochratoxin A in cocoa and cocoa products by the end of 2002.
	www.cabi-commodities.org /cocoa/CocP/CocPPPota.htm (341 words)

	Brevard Old Red Eye Rugby - Maps & Directions
		The Cocoa Expo is located at 500 Friday Rd, on S.R. As you enter the Cocoa Expo for practice, go to baseball field number 3.
		The Cocoa West Community Center is located at 230 South Burnett Road in Cocoa.
		The practice pitch is either the large open field just to the west of the school, or in the baseball field behind the school.
	www.oldredeyerugby.com /directions (972 words)

	Mars - Mars Policy on Child Trafficking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 2000, allegations emerged of abusive child labor being used to grow and harvest cocoa in West Africa.
		The next requirement is the design and implementation, by July 1st 2005, of credible standards of public certification that cocoa is grown without abusive child labor.
		Mars, together with the cocoa industry and in partnership with other key stakeholders, has made significant progress toward meeting the challenging objectives set forth in the Protocol.
	www.mars.com /Policies/Mars_Policy_on_Child_Trafficking.asp (605 words)

	Places to Stay Key West Miami Cocoa Destin Tampa US
		KEY WEST, FL, US The Courtyard by Marriott is a superior, first class hotel located one mile from Key West Airport, right off the main road into the island.
		This hotel is within two miles of all of Key West's many attractions and easily accessible to the neighboring Keys.
		COCOA, FL, US The Ramada Inn Cocoa Beach is a first class hotel located 35 miles from Orlando International Airport.
	www.hotelsfloridausa.com /us-fl-112-131078ab (841 words)

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