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	Cocoanut Grove fire
		On the night of the fire, November 28, 1942, the club had approximately 1,000 occupants, many of whom were people preparing to go overseas on military duty.
		The Cocoanut Grove fire prompted major efforts in the field of fire prevention and control for nightclubs and other related places of assembly.
		Exit lights were also required as a result of the concern generated by this fire.
	www.ezl.com /~fireball/Disaster21.htm (210 words)

	Gulliver's Discotheque Fire , New York
		After 1942's Cocoanut Grove blaze was extinguished, 492 had died.
		The fire in Rhode Island was the nation's deadliest in a quarter-century and the worst in the history of rock 'n' roll.
		Fire extinguishers were placed in crucial locations, and a fire alarm was connected to a fire station.
	www.iklimnet.com /hotelfires/clubfirecase7.html (2060 words)

	Boston Globe Online / From the Archives
		The story of the Cocoanut Grove is told in hundreds of articles in magazines and newspapers and in television documentaries and reports by the Fire Department and other agencies, and also in interviews with firefighters, journalists, doctors and employees, all of whom speak of the fire with awe.
		Intrigued by a fire 20 years before her birth, Mary Renda, 30, of Medford, wrote to the Globe's Confidential Chat, asking for recollections, and among 30 replies was a letter from Bill Shriberg of Chestnut Hill, 89, who narrowly missed an appointment with death.
		The electrician who wired the Cocoanut Grove had no license, and he testified that the owner, Barney Welansky, had told him not to worry, that Welansky was "in with the mayor." Taxes had been cut mysteriously from $18,000 to $9,000.
	www.boston.com /news/daily/21/archives_cocoanut_112292.htm (3253 words)

	iWannaGetThat - Retroville - 1942 - In the News - Cocoanut Grove Nightclub Fire
		On November 28, 1942, the Cocoanut Grove Nightclub in Boston, Massachussetts was jammed full of young men and women, many of the men preparing to go overseas on military duty.
		By the time firefighters got the fire under control and extinguished, the bodies at the front entrance were piled five deep, their faced contorted from their last efforts to press through the jammed entrance.
		The fire prompted fire officials throughout the nation to re-examine their methods of fire prevention and control for nightclubs and other places where people assembled.
	www.iwannagetthat.com /NewFiles/1942-cocoanut-grove-fire.html (512 words)

	City of Boston
		The story of the East Boston fire has been forgotten, if not lost, by many, pushed off the front pages by the terrible loss of life at the Cocoanut Grove only two weeks later on November 28, 1942.
		Fire headquarters received a call reporting the fire at 2:26 a.m.
		The saddest part of the tragedy was that the fire was "under control" when the walls collapsed.
	www.ci.boston.ma.us /fire/journal/luongo_fire.asp (1204 words)

	telegram.com - Warehouse Tragedy
		The questions in the warehouse fire case, the judge said, were whether the grand jury was presented with sufficient evidence of probable cause to believe that defendants had a duty to report the fire, and whether the defendants' failure to report the fire constituted “wanton and reckless conduct.”
		While conceding that there is no statutory duty to report a fire in Massachusetts, the prosecution argued that the accidental starting of the warehouse fire triggered a corresponding duty to report it.
		“Therefore, their failure to report the fire must be distinguished from a case in which a defendant intentionally threw a lighted newspaper into the cluttered hallway of an inhabited building, setting the building on fire,” he said.
	www.telegram.com /static/fire/dismiss.html (898 words)

	Cocoanut Grove Fire Boston (Coconut Grove) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The Cocoanut Grove was originally a speakeasy—an illegal bar during alcohol Prohibition—and some of its doors were bricked up or bolted shut.
		As a result of the Cocoanut Grove fire and tragedy, the fire laws were expanded to include larger restaurants and bars, and not just theatres.
		greatly contributed to the flashover and quick spread of the fire (there was a shortage of freon in 1942 due to the war effort).
	www.celebrateboston.com /disasters/cocoanutgrovefire.htm (511 words)

	fire jewelry and silver maltese cross pendants from Fire House Fashions
		He was a member of the Roman Army born in 250 AD and was sentenced to death by fire by Emporer Diocletian when he refused to follow orders and persecute all Christians in the area.
		Standing on the pile erected to be set on fire killing him, Florian challenged the Roman soldiers to start the fire and said, " If you do, I will climb to heaven on the flames." Fearful of Florian, the soldiers had him drowned instead.
		In 1911 the Fire Marshals Association of North America decided the 40th anniversary of the Great Chicago Fire should be observed in a manner to inform the public about fire hazards, fire prevention and fire safety.
	www.firehousefashions.com /fire-history.html (537 words)

	A Conversation with the Author
		Stanley had been on the job for only five days when the Cocoanut Grove nightclub went up in flames, and scores of severely burned victims started arriving at the emergency room at Boston City Hospital, where he worked, and Mass General, which was also part of the burns research project.
		In a nutshell: the Cocoanut Grove fire marked the beginning of the downward trend in both burn incidence (due to better public education and prevention) and mortality.
		A little over a week after the fire, two of the hospitalized victims died, and a week later a third death was reported, bringing the toll to ninety-nine.
	www.barbararavage.com /conversation.htm (4046 words)

	The Cocoanut Grove Fire Revisited - Firehouse Forums - Firefighting Discussion
		This is the first time the fire has been examined from a multi-disciplinary approach and will give Bostonians a greater understanding of the ongoing legacy of the Cocoanut Grove inferno.
		The Cocoanut Grove nightclub fire is considered one of the worst disasters in American history.
		The impact of Grove fire has particular resonance in the wake of the tragic Station club fire in Rhode Island, which had eerie similarities to the 1942 disaster.
	forums.firehouse.com /showthread.php?t=74881 (890 words)

	Tragedy Recalls Cocoanut Grove Fire - News
		BOSTON -- The tragedy in Warwick, R.I., is reminiscent of the Cocoanut Grove nightclub fire in Boston in 1942, which led to major changes in fire and building codes.
		Fire officials later testified that perhaps 300 of them could have been saved if the club had doors that swung outward, instead of a revolving door that quickly became jammed from the press of bodies.
		The fire, the deadliest in a club or dance hall in U.S. history, led to sweeping changes in fire codes, including posting of occupancy limits and installing emergency and exit lighting.
	www.thebostonchannel.com /news/1995831/detail.html (300 words)

	fireprotection template
		Most notable have been the fire at the Cocoanut Grove in Boston, Massachusetts and the Beverly Hills Supper Club in Southgate,Kentucky.
		The large loss of life in both of these fires was due in part to inadequate exits.
		Section 1203 of the Indiana Fire Code states, "Obstructions, including storage, shall not be placed in the required width of a means of egress, except projections as allowed by the Building Code.
	www.purdue.edu /physicalfacilities/fireprotection/exit.htm (256 words)

	Fire in the Grove: The Cocoanut Grove Tragedy and Its Aftermath by John C. Esposito \| PopMatters Book Review
		Fire in the Grove: The Cocoanut Grove Tragedy and Its Aftermath by John C. Esposito
		The events at the Cocoanut Grove were nothing short of a mass disaster, turning Boston and its inhabitants upside down for months.
		The moral lessons of the Cocoanut Grove tragedy and its aftermath are legion, for what really caused the number of deaths is not attributable only to fire, but also to the greed of the owner of the Grove, Barney Welansky.
	www.popmatters.com /books/reviews/f/fire-in-the-grove-2005.shtml (1152 words)

	Buck Jones ... COCOANUT GROVE CONTROVERSY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		Fire Commissioner William Reilly later said the leather covered walls of the club had been treated with a fire resistant compound which kept them from bursting into flame but caused them to give off dense clouds of thick choking smoke.
		Buck's fire ravaged body was found by a Coast Guardsman and a taxi driver aiding in rescue efforts in the very area Marty Sheridan alludes to.
		In all the newspaper accounts of the fire, the ensuing inquests and in further magazine articles (Newsweek, Life, etc.) and statements by city and fire officials, there are no accounts of Buck (or anyone) leaving the inferno and re-entering it to save others.
	www.surfnetinc.com /chuck/terms15.htm (1685 words)

	Boston on Fire
		Fires have shaped Boston since its founding on a narrow peninsula in 1630.
		Innovations by Bostonians have led to improvements in fire fighting and fire prevention across the land.
		Chapters are also devoted to two key Boston innovations: the Hunneman fire engine and the citywide fire alarm system (first in the nation) developed by William Francis Channing and Moses Farmer.
	www.fire-police-ems.com /books/bb5097.shtml (210 words)

	Ace Collins' Tragedies of American History
		The Cocoanut Grove was a stubby, one and a half story, block long establishment.
		One second the fire had been barely alive, burning just a tiny part of the sky, a few seconds later it was raining sparks onto the heads of the fleeing customers.
		As the fire flashed through the room, the exit to safety was jammed as tightly as was the revolving door in the foyer.
	www.acecollins.com /selltragediesofameri.html (5831 words)

	Cocoanut Grove fire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The lessons of the Cocoanut Grove fire were eventually forgotten by some people who operated nightclubs.
		Esposito, John, Fire in the Grove: The Cocoanut Grove Tragedy And Its Aftermath (2005) ISBN 0-306-81423-4.
		The 1942 fire at Boston's Cocoanut Grove nightclub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cocoanut_Grove_fire (1244 words)

	Station Nightclub Fire and Disaster Preparedness in Rhode Island, The Medicine and Health Rhode Island - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		In 1992 we marked the 50th anniversary of the Cocoanut Grove nightclub fire in Boston.
		That fire spurred the first comprehensive descriptions of inhalation injury, and many other improvements in all aspects of bum treatment.1 The Station fire, like the Cocoanut Grove fire, can improve our medical care and planning by focusing attention on the disaster response needs of severely burned patients.
		In 2001 there were 6,196 civilian fire deaths, 2,451 of which were due to the events of September 11.2 Other terror-related events generating multiple burn victims include the Oklahoma City bombing (1995) and the Bali nightclub bombings (2002).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4100/is_200311/ai_n9310619 (798 words)

	HPH NOW, May 30, 2003, Occupational Safety Class Compares Two Infamous Fires in Exercise
		Two of the nation’s deadliest nightclub fires occurred in New England–the Cocoanut Grove blaze in Boston in 1942 and The Station nightclub fire in Rhode Island this winter.
		In the case of the Cocoanut Grove fire, there is evidence that some people succumbed to toxins released by the burning materials, and not to the flames or to asphyxiation as the fire burned available oxygen.
		In the case of The Station nightclub fire, professionals hired by lawyers representing the victims are looking into the possible role of toxins in the death toll.
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /now/may30/class.html (299 words)

	CNN.com - Nightclub disasters: All-too-familiar tragedy - Feb. 21, 2003
		"This is the Cocoanut Grove, the Kentucky supper club fire," said Garry Briese, executive director of the International Association of Fire Chiefs, referring to nightclub fires that killed 492 people in Boston in 1942 and 164 in Southgate, Kentucky, in 1977.
		Building and fire codes are not consistent across the country, with some set by the state and others by local governments.
		Philadelphia Fire Commissioner Harold Hairston said nightclub and theater patrons should not only formulate an exit plan but also be prepared to telephone authorities if they see something at the venue that looks unsafe.
	cnn.com /2003/US/Northeast/02/21/nightclub.safety.ap/index.html (829 words)

	Public Broadcasting Atlanta
		Legacy of the Cocoanut Grove Fire of 1942
		The fire that swept through the Cocoanut Grove nightclub in Boston on November 28, 1942, was one of the worst in the nation's history, resulting in at least 492 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
		The fire led to new building codes, medical innovations in burn treatment and legal precedents in manslaughter law.
	forum.wgbh.org /afn/forum.php?lecture_id=1649 (99 words)

	telegram.com - Warehouse Tragedy
		More than two years after the lethal Worcester Cold Storage fire, the dispute over the criminal culpability of the two homeless people who started it soon many be resolved at long last.
		While they admitted to accidentally starting the fire and failing to report it, the Superior Court judge who dismissed the indictment concluded -- properly, we believe -- that the evidence did not support charges of criminal manslaughter.
		Also in dispute is whether their failure to do so constituted “wanton and reckless conduct” -- the standard for involuntary manslaughter established after the 1942 Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston.
	www.telegram.com /static/fire/01dec27.html (326 words)

	grove nightclub coconut - grove nightclub bpl - nightclub - cocoanut grove nightclub - grove nightclub fire - grove ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		grove nightclub coconut - grove nightclub bpl - nightclub - cocoanut grove nightclub - grove nightclub fire - grove nightclub - great coconut grove nightclub.
		Since that plot of land also once contained glitzy Cocoanut Grove nightclub, it was quite little happening area back in the glory days of Hollywood.
		Cocoanut the Grove nightclub , Boston , MA November 28 , 1942 귌Killed
	www.karaokebrokers.com /nightclubs/grove-nightclub.html (426 words)

	Department of Fire Protection Engineering - Cultural Tolerance for Fire Disasters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		The sad fact is that many have not learned the old lessons that have been repeated time and time again dating back at least as far as the 1942 Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston.
		The enforcement of fire safety laws and regulations does not approach the level of accountability that prevails in traffic safety and other areas.
		It would be unusual that the violator of a fire safety code would feel the same sick feeling in the pit of the stomach as is the case when caught speeding on the highway.
	www.wpi.edu /Academics/Depts/Fire/News/14322.htm (876 words)

	[No title]
		Thanks to this fire, there were many significant strides in the treatment of fire-related injury and trauma.
		There was, he explained, a full police and fire mobilization along with all civil defense personnel, air raid wardens, etc. As I was a messenger for the auxiliary police, I asked if I had to report as well.
		I was astounded while at Mass to hear the priest announce that the worst loss of life in a fire in the history of the city had occurred.
	www.cs.umb.edu /~serl/oralhistory/Calapiz.html (1052 words)

	New England Fire and History Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-15)
		As a result of the Cocoanut Grove fire the Medical Examiner suggested "All people should wear some sort of metal ID tag.Countless bodies of women remain unidentified because whatever they carry in the way of identification rests in their handbag.
		James escaped the fire and Barnet was in the Hospital recovering from pneumonia.
		As a result of the Coconut Grove Fire, a tremendous tragedy there were significant strides made in the treatment of fire and related injury and trauma, bereavement.
	www.infonavigate.com /boston/45.htm (4475 words)

	City of Boston
		One of the few fires that all three Rescue Companies operated at was the Cocoanut Grove fire on November 28, 1942.
		In 1954, the fire commissioner decided that the city needed only one heavy Rescue Company and he would create five "engine-squad" companies spread around the city.
		On August 31, 1986, Rescue Co. 2 was responding to a high-rise fire downtown when they were hit broadside by a speeding automobile at the corner of Columbus Ave.
	www.cityofboston.gov /fire/journal/rescue_co_history.asp (2001 words)

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