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Topic: Cocoon (silk)

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	Silk - LoveToKnow 1911
		Into England silk manufacture was introduced during the reign of Henry VI.; but the first serious impulse to manufactures of that class was due to the immigration in 1585 of a large body of skilled Flemish weavers who fled from the Low Countries in consequence of the struggle with Spain then devastating their land.
		Silk is readily distinguished from wool and other animal fibres by the action of an alkaline solution of oxide of lead, which darkens wool, andc., owing to the sulphur they contain, but does not affect silk, which is free from that body.
		Silks to be finished white are at this point bleached by exposure in a closed chamber to the fumes of sulphurous acid, and at the close of the process the hanks are washed in pure cold water to remove all traces of the acid.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Silk (13064 words)

	How Silk is Made
		The egg, the silk worm, the pupa and the moth.
		Filature operations: The cocoons raised by the farmer are delivered to the factory, called a filature, where the silk is unwound from the cocoons and the strands are collected into skeins.
		As the filament of the cocoon is too fine for commercial use, three to ten strands are usually reeled at a time to produce the desired diameter of raw silk which is known as "reeled silk".
	www.silkpaintinggallery.com /silk.htm (1157 words)

	Short History of Silk
		Silk is a protein fiber harvested from the cocoon of the silkworm caterpillar (Bombyx mori).
		Silk is a natural insulator and breathes very well, keeping you cool in the summer and warm in the winter.
		The cocoons are cleaned, steamed, and submerged in boiling water to soften the natural sericin adhesive that binds the thread together.
	www.whiteloftsilk.com /history.html (278 words)

	Secrets of Silk
		Silk was the most treasured gift from China, and her intelligent emperors soon realised they had a very important trade commodity.
		The cars of the silk trains were specially lined with finished steel or varnished wood to minimise the damage to the delicate silk fibres during the abrasive journey.
		Silk formed by two worms united to spin a single cocoon which is therefore composed of two filaments.
	www.treenwaysilks.com /secrets_silk.html (1934 words)

	Silk reeling and testing manual. Chapter 3.
		Cocoon testing and grading may be accomplished with a compact automatic reeling machine as well as a multi-ends reeling machine, which is typical equipment in major sericultural countries.
		This is the length of cocoon filament in (b) batch is 1 349.1, the average of (a) and (b) batch is 1 343.6 m.
		In cocoon classification, the result for length of cocoon filament and result of reelability percent is shown in Table 11 (1), (2) added up to the grading result which is applied to the cocoon grading shown in Table 11 (3).
	www.fao.org /docrep/x2099e/x2099e04.htm (2597 words)

	Pupa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A cocoon is a casing spun of silk by many moth caterpillars and numerous other holometabolous insect larvae as a protective covering for the pupa.
		Cocoons may be tough or soft, opaque or translucent, solid or meshlike, of various colors, or composed of multiple layers, depending on the type of insect larva producing it.
		Others spin their cocoon in a concealed location - on the underside of a leaf, in a crevice, down near the base of a tree trunk, suspended from a twig or concealed in the leaf litter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cocoon_(silk) (954 words)

	Silk Worm
		Silk is a continuous filament fibre consisting of fibroin protein secreted from two salivary glands in the head of each larva and a gum called sericin which cements the two filaments together.
		The cocoon is then softened in hot water to remove the sericin, which frees the silk filament ends for reeling or filature. Single filaments are drawn from cocoons in water bowls and combined to form yarn.
		Next, the raw silk is twisted into a strand sufficiently strong for weaving or knitting. This procedure is called throwing, and prevents the thread from splitting into its constituent fibres. Four different types of silk thread may be produced from this procedure: crepe, tram, thrown singles and organzine.
	www.vegansociety.com /html/info/info19.html (2050 words)

	The History of Silk
		From that historic moment, the Chinese discovered the life cycle of the silk worm and for the next 3000 years were to keep their monopoly of silk.
		In the 3rd Century B.C., Chinese silk fabrics were beginning to find their way throughout the whole of Asia, and were transported overland to the west, and by sea to Japan, in those long itineraries known as the silk roads.
		Silk is still produced in smaller quantities in many other countries, and several developing countries are studying new sericultural projects.
	www.silk.org.uk /history.htm (789 words)

	Making Silk
		Silk was discovered to be a useful fibre in China, between 2697 and 2597 BCE, during the reign of Huang Ti, the Yellow Emperor.
		Silk reached Roman Britain by the 3rd century C.E., as a child's grave from the second quarter of the century contains a geometric twill damask silk, one of the earliest patterned silks woven in western Europe (Crowfoot, p.
		Once all the cocoons in a tray are at least three days old, it is possible to carefully open the tray, peel the cocoon off the lid and any support structure, and place it in a tray of finished cocoons.
	www.chateau-michel.org /making_silk.htm (5549 words)

	Silk Cocons by ATMA Kangra
		Besides, income by producing silk cocoons it has bye-products value also such as mulberry wood, silkworm's litter, silk-waste and pupae etc., basket are made from its branches and pupae waste is a very nutritious food for poultry and fishery.
		Silk "The queen of fibers" is admired by peoples the world over and silk and silk products are always in great demand.
		Silk reeling unit at Bheri Gagal of Rait block was made functional by ATMA motivation regarding quality raw silk production and the quality silk cocoon was collected from FIGs/WIGs of the district by the said unit on regular basis.
	www.manage.gov.in /ATMAKANGRA/silkcoco.htm (1758 words)

	Loro Milan - Silk Industry
		The manufacture of silk is certainly the most complex (and by far the most expensive) of all textile fibers.
		The silk filament is produced by the silkworm's two pairs of glands and it consists of two very fine single filaments of fibroin which are cemented together by a sticky substance called sericin.
		At this point the silk yarn is still very coarse because it contains sericin, a sticky and rough substance, whose purpose is to hold together the two original filaments.
	www.loromilan.com /silk/index.htm (541 words)

	Silk reeling and testing manual. Chapter 8.
		Tasar cocoons have a compact structure and composition distinct from that of mulberry cocoons.
		Floss silk is beneficial as paddy against cold weather and as a basis for hand spun yarns.
		Several cocoon shells are stacked to form a bog into which the fingers of both hands are placed and spread in the water.
	www.fao.org /docrep/x2099e/x2099e09.htm (1106 words)

	Textile Reference Manual: Silk
		The silk is produced in two glands in the silkworm’s head and the forced out in liquid form through openings called spinnerets.
		The silk at this stage is known as raw silk.
		Wild silk is obtained from cocoons that silkworms produced in a natural uncontrolled environment.
	www.costumegallery.com /Textiles/silk.htm (617 words)

	Elegant Silk Nightwear, Silk Bedding, Silk Shirts /Blouses UK. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Silk Cocoon, Quality Brand of Great Britain, is dedicated to supplying only the highest quality silk nightwear for comfort, sensuality and elegance at affordable prices, and providing best services to their customers.
		Silk Cocoon's luxury, elegant & exquisite women's silk nightwear (silk sleepwear) made of the best quality pure silk (crepe satin or silk devore) includes silk pyjamas, silk negligees, silk dressing gown, silk velvet robe, silk nightdresses (chemise or gown), silk loungewear and camisoles & shorts.
		Silk is exquisite, elegant, floating as light as air, it is warm in cool weather and cool in hot weather, providing one's body with a sensual feeling, ---soft as a whisper.
	www.silkcocoon.co.uk (343 words)

	Ladywildlife's Silk Moth
		Silk is derived from the cocoon that the caterpillar spins to complete its transformation into an adult moth.
		The silk is produced by the caterpillar’s salivary glands and comes out through an organ called a spinneret that is near the mouthparts.
		Before the silk can be unwound, the cocoon must be soaked in very hot water to dissolve the sericin, a “glue” that makes the silk stick to itself.
	ladywildlife.com /animal/silkmoth.html (796 words)

	The Life Cycle Of Silk Worms
		During the ova stage silk worm eggs are as small as the tip of a pin.
		When silk worms spin their cocoons they move their heads in a figure eight pattern (if you hold a partly spun cocoon under a light you can see the silk worm inside moving its head in a figure eight).
		Silk farmers who want to harvest the silk will kill the moths while they are still in the cocoon so that the silk fibers that make up the cocoon will not be damaged.
	sophia.smith.edu /~abloomga/2002/silkproject/raisingsilkworms.htm (774 words)

	Information about Muga silk and other natural silks
		Muga silk is a wonderful gift of nature extracted from a species of insect not to be found any where in the world except in the North Eastern region of India.
		The peduncle (silk that anchors the cocoon) is very weak; the caterpillars prefer a low place with numerous twigs to protect them while in their cocoons.
		Resultantly, the eri cocoons are openmouthed and are spun.
	www.assamsilks.com /about_us.htm (1095 words)

	SILK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Silk is an animal fiber, but rather than being animal fur, silk is the fiber from the cocoon of the silk worm moth.
		To harvest the silk, the cocoon is soaked in hot water to loosen the gum and release the fibers.
		These images were taken in Mahasarakan, Thailand, and they represent the willingness and kindness of the silk coop ladies to show their village industry to an interested visitor.
	www.bio.ilstu.edu /armstrong/syllabi/silk/SILK.htm (257 words)

	From a Silk Cocoon - A Japanese American Renunciation Story
		Preceding the From a Silk Cocoon World Premiere is the 27-minute short film "Hidden Internment: The Art Shibayama Story," which explores another little-known aspect of the internment: the forced evacuation to the United States of over 2,000 Latin Americans of Japanese descent, mostly Japanese Peruvians.
		The purpose of the From a Silk Cocoon documentary is to shed light on yet another group of Japanese American prisoners, who were considered as neither heroic nor courageous.
		From a Silk Cocoon delves into the experience of a young Kibei couple, Shizuko and Itaru Ina, that responded to the loss of their civil liberties by renouncing their American citizenship during their 4½ -year internment, and committed their hope for their children for a better life in Japan.
	www.fromasilkcocoon.com /pr.html (1010 words)

	Digital Collection -Raw Silk
		The silk worm feeds on the leaves of the mulberry tree.
		Silk harvesters kill the moth before it bursts through its cocoon so as not to damage the fibers.
		Cocoon fiber is very fine and several fibers from several cocoons were drawn together to make thread.
	www.memorialhall.mass.edu /collection/itempage.jsp?itemid=9235 (176 words)

	Silk Comforters - Silk Filled Comforters - Custom Made Silk Comforters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As she watched the cocoon, a white thread unraveled and silk had reached human hands.
		A series of hot and cold water immersions soften the silk gum and loosen the filament, leaving it ready to be reeled and spun into a silk thread.
		In instances where the silk is used as a filling, softened filaments are manually stretched and layered to form the comforter batting.
	www.svsilk.com /silkfacts.php (449 words)

	Silk Production
		Silk is produced by various insects, but by far the largest quantity comes from the silkworm 'Bombyx Mori'.
		The threads from several cocoons are subsequently unwound together to form a single strand of raw silk.
		Some of the gum, which the silkworm uses to hold the cocoon together, remains to assist the delicate fibre during processing.
	www.silk.org.uk /production.htm (1015 words)

	China : Shanghai Exchange to list cocoon silk futures - Textile Fashion News Fibre2Fashion
		A relevant official from Shanghai Futures Exchange recently revealed for the first time that cocoon silk was included in the commodities to be listed in the Exchange.
		The source said that the Exchange would focus on the commodities of steel futures, zinc futures, cocoon silk futures and copper options, with the target of having them listed as early as possible.
		Industry insiders say that cocoon silk is one of the few commodities that China really has pricing right with bulk exports.
	www.fibre2fashion.com /news/silks-news/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=26609 (286 words)

	Textile Fabric Consultants, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Silk production is expensive: consequently, silk is considered a fiber of luxury.
		It is thought that silks expense, beauty and hand contributed to the beginning of the manufactured fiber industry.
		Silk is mainly used in apparel and home-furnishing items but also is used in the medial field, such as:
	www.textilefabric.com /site/public/articles.php?id=6 (730 words)

	Cocoon Silk MummyLiner reviews and information - Trailspace.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Silk MummyLiner is a sleeping bag liner made by Cocoon.
		They greatly extend the life of your bag by eliminating the need to frequently wash it, the way most bags are damaged.
		Silk MummyLiners add 9 degrees of warmth yet are small enough to fit in the palm of your hand!"
	www.trailspace.com /gear/cocoon/silk-mummyliner (319 words)

	Sericulture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The silk is a continuous-filament fiber consisting of fibroin protein, secreted from two salivary glands in the head of each larva, and a gum called sericin, which cements the two filaments together.
		The silk is produced in two glands in the silkworm's head and then forced out in liquid form through openings called spinnerets.
		The silkworm spins approximately 1 mile of filament and completely encloses itself in a cocoon in about two or three days but due to quality restrictions, the amount of usable silk in each cocoon is small.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sericulture (465 words)

	Sleeping Bag Liners from Backcountry.com
		Use this Cocoon Travelsheet in hostels, hotels, or when you crash at a friends place for a comfortable night's sleep.
		Crawl into the Cocoon Silk Double Travelsheet with your sleeping partner to help keep you warm after a long day of traveling.
		The Cocoon Silk MummyLiner Coupler works as a solo sleeping bag liner or travel sheet, or it can be zipped to any other Cocoon TravelSheet for a two-person system.
	www.backcountry.com /store/group/51/Sleeping-Bag-Liners (440 words)

	Cocoon Silk TravelSheet reviews and information - Trailspace.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Silk TravelSheet is a sleeping bag liner made by Cocoon.
		Silk adjusts naturally to changing temperatures, making it our most versatile material.
		Silk adjusts naturally to changing temperatures, making it one of most versatile material.
	www.trailspace.com /gear/cocoon/silk-travelsheet (167 words)

	lulla smith cocoon crib bedding
		Surrounded by incredibly soft Dupioni silk, your baby will be in heaven.
		This beautiful and elegant crib set is made from 100% imported Dupioni silk in your choice of pink and white or blue and white.
		Dupioni Silk Bumper Pad - The crib bumper has zippered covers and gathered ties at each corner.
	www.babybox.com /codusicrbe.html (217 words)

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