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Topic: Cod Trade

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	Trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trade in the East Indies was dominated by Portugal in the 16th century, the Netherlands in the 17th century, and the British in the 18th century.
		Trade sanctions against specific country are sometimes imposed, in order to punish that country for some action.
		Words like trade and trading are also applied, though imprecisely, to some exchanges that do not involve any payment or barter, but just a sequence of equivalent actions, as in trading licks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trade (2263 words)

	Cod trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Norwegians used dried cod during their travels and soon it developed a dried cod market in the southern Europe.
		The large cod fisheries along the North-Norwegian coast (and in particular close to the Lofoten islands) have been developed almost uniquely for export, depending on sea transport of stockfish over large distances.
		The trade operations and the sea transport were by the end of the 14th century taken over by the Hanseatic League, Bergen being the most important port of trade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cod_Trade (197 words)

	Read about Cod at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Cod and learn about Cod here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cod is a popular food fish with a mild flavor, low fat content, and a dense white flesh that flakes easily.
		Since the decline in cod stocks has made the Atlantic cod harder to catch, several replacements are marketed under names of the form "x cod", and culinary rather than phyletic similarity has governed the emergence of these names.
		Australasian Red Rock Cod, which belongs to a different order (see below), and the fish known simply as the Rock cod in New Zealand, Lotella rhacina, which as noted above actually is related to the true cod (it is a Morid cod).
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Cod (445 words)

	COD
		The long and continuous exploitation of cod was due in part to the wide range of its habitat, and in part because the fish is rich without being fatty, with a significant amount of protein per ounce, and it could be easily and simply cured, either by salting or air drying.
		The English cod trade centered in Bristol; the French in La Rochelle and several Breton ports, and the Portuguese in Lisbon.
		Innis, The Cod Fisheries, 26; Andrews, Trade, Plunder and Settlement, 88.
	www.bell.lib.umn.edu /Products/cod.html (1169 words)

	Read about Trade at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Trade and learn about Trade here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Most economists accept the theory that trade benefits both parties, and reject the notion that all exchange must exploit one party; because in order to occur in a free society, both parties must agree to a trade in order for it to take place.
		Although there are usually few trade restrictions within countries, international trade is usually regulated by governmental quotas and restrictions, and taxed by tariffs.
		Sanctions or trade isolations on specific countries are usually imposed in order to punish a nation for some action.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Buy (592 words)

	BookBlog: Alexander Hamilton and Cod
		Cod was a core part of the trade economy that the American Colonists went to war to protect; taxes on molasses, and later on sugar and tea penalized the Carribean leg of the trade route.
		The New England cod trade was part of the painful irony of the American revolution -- New Englanders defended their rights to be represented in tariff decisions, and voiced opposition to slavery on principle, but were silent about the role of slaves in the far side of their trade routes.
		Cod is a strong addition to the shelf of commodity-oriented social history, with an appealing system picture connecting food, politics, and the environment.
	alevin.com /weblog/archives/001536.html (893 words)

	Cod
		A trade center for fur, timber and fish was established in the Bergen city.
		Declining cod landings is a symptom of the state of the cod stocks in the sea.
		Total landings of cod from the East Atlantic from 1975 to 2000 according to the International Council for the exploration of sea.
	www.ucd.ie /codtrace/codfish.htm (1129 words)

	Murray Cod
		Murray cod were extremely abundant in the past and the species was in fact the most common of the larger native fish in the Murray-Darling system at the time of European settlement.
		Unfortunately, Cod have become locally extinct in many small tributaries in which they once abounded, particularly in upland reaches of the southern and central Murray Darling Basin, and the fish is rare in the majority of the rest of its original range.
		The importance of Murray cod to aboriginal people of the Murray-Darling basin is reflected by the fact that many groups living along the Murray River made the Murray cod a central animal in their mythology, including their creation stories.
	www.nativefish.asn.au /cod.html (4180 words)

	TED Case Study: Iceland Cod War
		Stocks of cod had decreased by a third during the 1970's.(4) Iceland stated that fish catches would have to be reduced.
		While it agreed that the number of cod had been decreasing, Britain was not convinced over- fishing was the cause, nor over what the limit on the catch should be.
		Since cod are mostly used for fish and chips in Britain, the switch to another fish would require the consumer to change his or her taste.
	www.american.edu /TED/icefish.htm (2090 words)

	Cod (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cod is the common name for the genus Gadus of fishes, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name of a variety of other fishes.
		Cod forms part of the common name of many other fish not longer classified in the genus Gadus.
		The Tadpole cod family, Ranicipitidae, and the Eucla Cod family, Euclichthyidae, were formerly classified in this order, but are now grouped with the Gadiformes.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/COD.htm (549 words)

	Massachusetts Codfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The cod hangs in the House chamber and has been part of the House for more than 200 years.
		Called the "Sacred Cod," it is a four-foot, 11-inch wooden representation of the fish that once served as a food staple and fertilizer for the Pilgrims.
		Ships would sail out from seaports such as Salem, Gloucester, or those on Cape Cod and venture to the West Indies, where they would trade the cod for spices, coffee, or molasses, or they would head to Europe for salt, fruit, and wine.
	masstraveljournal.com /features/0602codfish.html (563 words)

	Coastal - Jersey's Maritime History
		The Jersey world wide trade really sprang up as a result of the expansion of world trade in the middle of the 19th century which was caused by the growth of the British Empire, the wealth generated by and the demands of the Industrial Revolution and the emergence of Free Trade as an economic policy.
		The wealth generated by the cod carrying trade with the Gaspé generated enough surplus wealth for local merchants to invest in ships which in turn were built in the island.
		By the mid 19th century the Gaspé trade was still the mainstay of the Jersey shipping economy but shipowners were beginning to look to the general carrying trade, switching from trade to trade as the prevailing economic conditions changed.
	www.jersey.com /content_page.asp?id=73 (7748 words)

	George's Bank - The Sorry Story of Georges Bank
		By the mid-16th century, sixty per cent of all the fish eaten in Europe was cod, and that remained the case for over two hundred years.
		It was the European hunger for cod that built Boston and turned New England into an international commercial center by the 18th century.
		This trade grew when the Gloucester schooner, a fast, two-masted vessel, shortened the sailing time between Georges Bank and the Caribbean in the early 1700s.
	sciencebulletins.amnh.org /biobulletin/biobulletin/story1227.html (151 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Cod (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cod livers are processed to make cod liver oil, an important source of Vitamin A, Vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA).
		Cod forms part of the common name of many other fish no longer classified in the genus Gadus.
		Some other related fish have common names derived from "cod", such as codling, codlet or tomcod (note that "codling" is also used as a name for a young cod).
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Cod (694 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Review of Northeast Fishery Stock Assessments (1998)
		The export of salt cod to Europe, and later to the West Indies, in the infamous "golden triangle" trade of cod, rum, and slaves, provided hard currency for the developing nation (Jensen, 1972).
		Prior to the early 1900s, most cod were captured by handlining from schooners or longlining from small dories that delivered their catch to larger schooners at the end of the day.
		This assessment concluded that Georges Bank and Gulf of Maine cod, haddock, and yellowtail flounder stocks were at or near record low levels of spawning biomass and that cod and yellowtail flounder fishing mortality levels were far in excess of fishing mortality levels needed to rebuild the stocks (NEFSC, 1994a, 1995; O'Brien and Brown, 1995).
	www.nap.edu /books/0309060303/html/7.html (4976 words)

	Cod Hydrocodone
		Cod Hydrocodone - Bernard Brodie and Julius Axel
		The reality is that hydrocodone online for the overwhelmingly vast majority of usage, "the internet" refers to one thing and one thing only, and contrived examples that use an outdated sense are disingenuous.
		It is a good option in patients who cannot tolerate enteral NAC or for whom enteral cod hydrocodone intake is contraindicated.
	hydrocodone.funhosts.com /cod/hydrocodone.html (742 words)

	Did you know: Food History
		The discovery of the superabundant Grand Banks off the coast of Newfoundland by fishermen from northern countries, coupled with the poverty of Mediterranean fish stocks, led to a large trade in cod (the most frequently caught fish in the North Atlantic) with the Mediterranean.
		Salt cod is such a well-known product in Mediterranean countries such as Italy, Greece, Spain, and France that it is hard to remember that virtually all the cod was imported from the North Atlantic.
		Marseilles was a major entrepôt for northern salt cod and took half of the French catch of dried cod and often re-exported it to other parts of the Mediterranean such as Spain and Greece.
	www.cliffordawright.com /history/salt_fish.html (1056 words)

	Cod trade -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		(Major food fish of arctic and cold-temperate waters) Cod has been an important economic commodity in an (additional info and facts about international market) international market since the (Any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries) Viking period (around 1000 AC).
		(A Scandinavian language that is spoken in Norway) Norwegians used dried cod during their travels and soon it developed a dried cod market in the southern (The 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles) Europe.
		This market has lasted for more than 1000 years, passing through periods of (The epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe) Black Death, wars and other crisis and still is the most important Norwegian fish trade.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/cod_trade.htm (205 words)

	Expert About co:Cod
		Cod Cove Inn is located just 1 mile north of Wiscasset Village, in the Boothbay Harbor Region, in the heart of Mid Coast Maine.
		But in Cod: A Biography of The Fish That Changed the World, author Mark Kurlansky says: ''If ever there was a fish made to endure, it is the Atlantic cod--the common fish.
		Kurlansky credits the lucrative cod trade with providing the economic wherewithal necessary for the colonies to declare political independence.
	www.expertsite.biz /dir/co/cod.htm (1408 words)

	History of Cod Chowder, Fish Stew
		By 1500, thousands of fishermen and seamen were sailing to the Newfoundland banks in a variety of ships and bringing their salt cod either to Brittany, England, Norway, or Holland for shipment or directly to the Mediterranean.
		Soaking the hard bread and salt cod would produce a kind of salt-cod chowder similar to the fresh chowder that the fishermen ate in their homeland.
		The fish used in this fish stew or chowder is salt cod, and the brewis is made from hardtack or hard bread.
	whatscookingamerica.net /History/Chowder/CodChowder.htm (887 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cod traces humankind's involvement with what was once one of the world's most plentiful foodstuffs.
		The Cod is shown as the lure which drew the first Europeans to North America.
		Rapidly becoming a staple in the diets of many, Cod became a pillar of he economies of several regions as well as a major commodity in the fabled Triangle Trade.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0099268701 (1178 words)

	Mass Moments: The “Sacred” Cod Moves to New State House
		Shipping dried cod fish to feed slaves in the West Indies was so profitable that a group of Bostonians, known somewhat derisively as the "codfish aristocracy," became rich.
		The first cod was hanging at the Old State House until it was destroyed in a fire in 1747.
		Declaring that they could not legislate without their cod, the members of the House devoted themselves to debating what charges should be brought against the culprits.
	www.massmoments.org /moment.cfm?mid=1 (905 words)

	Amazon.com: Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World: Books: Mark Kurlansky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The cod fishery is in trouble, deep trouble, as the Atlantic fish has been fished almost to extinction.
		If Aldous Huxley's grandfather, Thomas, asserted in the 19th century that cod would never become extinct, it was only because he could not imagine the rapid technological changes which would turn fishing into harvesting, and the classic practice of drying fish into freezing it, on board the fishing boats themselves.
		Cod is not for every reader, reflecting as it does the author's deep interest in history, and how individual foods relate to history.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0140275010?v=glance (2281 words)

	The World Market for Dried Whole Cod: A 2005 Global Trade Perspective
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for dried whole cod for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for each region, is based on a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year.
		For example, "mad cow" disease, foot-and-mouth disease, trade embargoes, labor disputes, military conflicts, acts of terrorism and other events will certainly affect the actual trade flows recorded for a variety of industry or product categories.
	www.marketresearch.com /researchindex/1028644.html (763 words)

	North Atlantic Sea Farms Corporation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Newfoundland enjoys a long history of cod trade and is, therefore, already established on the world stage as a supplier of quality codfish.
		Cod is the prime white flesh fish in North America and Europe and has been abundant in the coastal water off Newfoundland for centuries.
		Northern Aquaculture Corporation will be an industry leader for cod aquaculture as Newfoundland has excellent coastal conditions, the scientific knowledge, and there are few areas in the world with the advanced technology required to make cod aquaculture profitable.
	www.seafarms.ca /projects.html (177 words)

	UPS Capital \| Solutions \| Managing Trade Risk \| COD Enhancement Services\| C.O.D. Automatic
		With C.O.D. Automatic, payments from your UPS C.O.D. deliveries will be processed and available funds will be transferred directly to the bank account of your choice.
		C.O.D. Enhancement Services products are offered through UPS Capital Trade Protection Services, Inc. UPS Capital Corporation and its affiliates reserve the right to change or cancel the C.O.D. Enhancement Services program at any time.
		The C.O.D. Enhancement Services program is subject to the terms and conditions of the contract and certain limitations and exclusions apply.
	www.upscapital.com /solutions/cod_auto.html (337 words)

	Volume IV 1996-8: The Labrador Boundary Dispute Documents
		The word “ fish ” without further addition means in the Newfoundland trade cod-fish.
		The Court thereupon observed—We will admit evidence of the general usage of trade, not the usual practice of a particular office.
		M‘William.—Has been connected with the trade for upwards of 20 years.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /law/lab4/labvol4_1996.html (838 words)

	AGROPOLIS-MUSEUM - Exhibitions - World's food - Fish and sea products - Carp, herring and cod, three important fish ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This flourishing trade made the prosperity of the Hanseatic cities of Germany like Hamburg.
		The trade of cod developed later, during the XVth century, because the main fishing areas in the Atlantic Ocean required tours of several months duration.
		Cod consumption has remained particularly important in some countries like Portugal.
	museum.agropolis.fr /english/pages/expos/aliments/poissons/especes.htm (158 words)

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