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Topic: Code of Hammurabi

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Eye for Eye

Law

Hammurabi

1686 BC

Babylonian law

300 BCE

Roman law

1792 BC

Code of Justinian

2nd millennium BCE

853 BC

XII Tables

God

Ten Commandments

Crime

	Code of Hammurabi - MSN Encarta
		Code of Hammurabi, collection of the laws and edicts of the Babylonian king Hammurabi, and the earliest legal code known in its entirety.
		A copy of the code was unearthed by a team of French archaeologists during the winter of 1901 to 1902 at Susa, in a part of Iran that was once ancient Elam.
		The code was engraved on a block of fl basalt that is 2.25 m (7 ft 5 in) in height.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761557960/Code_of_Hammurabi.html (465 words)

	The Code of Hammurabi
		The Code of Hammurabi is the earliest known example of a ruler publicly proclaiming to his people an entire set of laws, in an orderly arrangement, so that all of men might read and known what was required of them.
		Hammurabi was a ruler of ancient Babylon, probably from around 1795 B.C. to about 1750 B.C. His code was carved on a fl stone monument, in 3,600 lines of cuneiform, standing eight feet high, and obviously intended for public view.
		Although there were definitely earlier codes of law (their existence is even implied in Hammurabi's code), they have all disappeared -- leaving the Code of Hammurabi as the earliest surviving system of laws.
	www.usefultrivia.com /history_trivia/history_trivia_001a.html (313 words)

	THE CODE OF HAMMURABI - LawResearch
		Hence the Code allowed a proviso to be inserted in the marriage contract, that the wife should not be seized for her husband's prenuptial debts; but enacted that then he was not responsible for her prenuptial debts, and, in any case, that both together were responsible for all debts contracted after marriage.
		Hammurabi, the protecting king am I. have not withdrawn myself from the men, whom Bel gave to me, the rule over whom Marduk gave to me, I was not negligent, but I made them a peaceful abiding-place.
		Hammurabi, the king of righteousness, on whom Shamash has conferred right (or law) am I. My words are well considered; my deeds are not equaled; to bring low those that were high; to humble the proud, to expel insolence.
	www.justlawlinks.com /REGS/codeham.htm (15812 words)

	GOVSTANDARD.COM: Legal History - Code of Hammurabi
		In the upper part of the stela Hammurabi is shown in front of the throne of the Sun god Shamash.
		The code is often pointed to as the first example of the legal concept that some laws are so basic as to be beyond the ability of even a king to change.
		The Code of Hammurabi was one of many sets of laws in the Ancient Near East.
	www.govstandard.com /history/hammurabi.html (727 words)

	Hammurabi's Code
		The carving on the stone on which the code is written depicts Hammurabi receiving the divine laws from the sun god, the god most often associated with justice.
		Hammurabi’s Code is 44 columns of text, 28 paragraphs of which contain the actual code.
		The Code of Hammurabi is significant because its creation allowed men, women, slaves, and all others to read and understand the laws that governed their lives in Babylon.
	library.thinkquest.org /20176/hammurabis_code.htm?tqskip1=1&tqtime=1023 (332 words)

	Mr. Dowling's Hammurabi page
		Hammurabi was the king of the city-state of Babylon.
		Some of Hammurabi’s laws were based on the principle “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” This means that whoever commits an injury should be punished in the same manner as that injury.
		Hammurabi’s Code may seem cruel today, but it was an early attempt at law.
	www.mrdowling.com /603-hammurabi.html (131 words)

	Babylonia - Code of Hammurabi - Crystalinks
		A copy of the Code of Hammurabi was found by J. de Morgan at Susa, where it had been taken as plunder, and is now in the Louvre.
		The code is set down in horizontal columns of cuneiform writing: 16 columns of text on the obverse side and 28 on the reverse.
		The code is particularly humane for the time in which it was promulgated; it attests to the law and justice of Hammurabi's rule.
	www.crystalinks.com /babylonia.html (3544 words)

	Hammurabi: King and Code
		We have inscriptions that tell us most of what was in the Code, and it's famous not so much for what it says but for what it does: It makes it plain for all what the laws are.
		importance of Hammurabi and his Code of Laws is that he was not the first monarch to make such laws but that he was the first to record them for his people and prosperity.
		But for all Hammurabi's successes and failures in battle, his greatest success lies in legal codification.
	www.socialstudiesforkids.com /articles/worldhistory/hammurabikingandcode.htm (315 words)

	Code of Hammurabi: 1750 BC
		The Code of Hammurabi was inscribed on stone, which suggests that the King accepted the laws from the sun god, Shamash.
		The code of laws encouraged people to accept authority of a king, who was trying to give common rules to govern the subjects' behavior.
		The purpose of the Code of Hammurabi was to use political power to create common bonds among the diverse people of the society.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/MiddleEast/HammurabiCode.html (454 words)

	The Code of Hammurabi
		By 1762, Hammurabi claimed to have "established the foundations of Sumer and Akkad, a phrase borrowed from Sumerian royal hymns to express the ideal of pan-Babylonian rule.
		Hammurabi's rigidly centralized system prospered from tribute and taxes, both used to compensate state dependents and to finance extensive state irrigation and building projects.
		The Code of Hammurabi is the longest surviving text from the Old Babylonian period.
	www.historyguide.org /ancient/hammurabi.html (293 words)

	Blue Letter Bible - ISBE - Hammurabi, Code Of
		Here also Hammurabi’s care for those of a meaner position is exhibited, since he issues rigid regulations against misuse of the power of office and punishes certain offenses of this kind even with death (section symbol 34).
		Between the Code and the Law of Moses, especially in the so-called Book of the Covenant (Ex 20:22-23:33), there are indeed extraordinary parallels.
		Ex 22:7 ff reminds one of Code of Hammurabi, sections 124 ff; Ex 22:10 ff of Code of Hammurabi, sections 244 ff and 266 f.
	cf.blueletterbible.org /isbe/isbe.cfm?id=4052 (4479 words)

	Hammurabi's Code
		The Code of Hammurabi is the oldest legal code unearthed by archaeologists.
		Though called a law code, Hammurabi's Code is actually a series of rulings that the king made in specific cases.
		The expression "an eye for an eye" is derived from Hammurabi's Code and typically connoted a policy of severe retribution and a complete lack of compassion.
	facstaff.gpc.edu /~rflynn/Fall_02/1111/discussion/ancient_world_discussion/code_of_hammurabi.html (240 words)

	Law Code of Hammurabi, king of Babylon \| Musée du Louvre
		The Law Code of Hammurabi is the emblem of the Mesopotamian civilization.
		The Law Code of Hammurabi is valuable first and foremost as a model, being a treatise on the exercise of judiciary power in the context of Mesopotamian science, in which the particular never governs the general.
		It was a code of the rules and prescriptions established by a sovereign authority, and therefore a code of laws.
	www.louvre.fr /llv/oeuvres/detail_notice.jsp?CONTENT<>cnt_id=10134198673226487&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE<>cnt_id=10134198673226487&FOLDER<>folder_id=9852723696500800&bmUID=1139427639734&bmLocale=en (932 words)

	The Scroll - Topical Viewer - Archaeology - Code of Hammurabi
		The punishments of the code of Hammurabi stand somewhere between the severity of the Assyrians and the leniency of the Hittite laws.
		Generally speaking, the code of Hammurabi was a very complex and well developed code of laws for the period in which it was to be used.
		The distinctive characteristics of the code of Hammurabi stand in sharp contrast to the Hebrew laws.
	www.abu.nb.ca /ecm/topics/arch2.htm (1760 words)

	EDSITEment - Lesson Plan
		The code of laws attributed to him is one of the earliest and most comprehensive of such law codification efforts.
		Though Hammurabi's Code is not unique, it is still the longest code yet discovered and one of the only ones known to have been inscribed on a stele.
		He also states that the purpose of the Code is "to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land so that the strong should not harm the weak." The third precept indicates the existence of a judicial system with elders serving as judges.
	edsitement.neh.gov /view_lesson_plan.asp?id=633 (3165 words)

	The Code of Hammurabi: Hammurabi’s Law Code, Sumerian Culture and Modern Law
		The Code of Hammurabi is one of the oldest and most complete ancient law codes ever discovered.
		Hammurabi was the greatest of the Babylonian kings, reigning in the late 18th and early 17th centuries BCE.
		And while the authority claims may be different from modern law codes, the purpose closely resembles modern western constitutions, establishing justice, defending the populace and promoting the general welfare.
	near-eastern-history.suite101.com /article.cfm/the_code_of_hammurabi (639 words)

	Hammurabi Code of Law
		The Law Code of Hammurabi is significant because it is one of the oldest set of laws yet discovered by modern archaeologists.
		The Code of Hammurabi is of special interest to biblical archaeologists because of the similarities between it and the Mosaic Law.
		The Law Code of Hammurabi shown below is preserved on a seven-foot-tall, fl diorite stele, which depicts the king himself receiving the law from Shamash, the Babylonian god of justice.
	www.allaboutarchaeology.org /hammurabi-code-of-law-faq.htm (274 words)

	The Code of Hammurabi ~1700 BCE
		While the precise date of Hammurabi's Code of Laws is disputed by scholars, it is generally believed to have been written between the second year of his reign, circa 1727 BCE, and the end of his reign, circa 1680 BCE, predating the Hebrew "Ten Commandments" by about 500 years.
		Perhaps the single most striking feature of Hammurabi's Code is its commitment to protection of the weak from being brutalized by the strong.
		Hammurabi's Code addressed the right of the poor to seek redress from wrongs committed by the wealthy or by the nobility.
	www.constitution.org /ime/hammurabi.htm (8176 words)

	The Code of Hammurabi
		The code of Hammurabi was written when the great Babylonian empire was at its peak.
		Hammurabi's Code protects the lives and property of individuals.
		Hammurabi's code would increase trade by standardizing prices for common items.
	www.garrettsbridges.com /special4.html (328 words)

	Hammurabi
		Hammurabi wanted his subjects to obey him because they liked him and believed he made just, fair laws and not because they were apprehensive of his formidable military.
		Sadly, once Hammurabi died, the Babylonian empire that he worked so hard to build and improve collapsed due to military pressure from the Hittites under the rule of Mursilis I. Eventually, the Kassites, under the command of Agumkakrine, came to rule Babylon and some of the former, gargantuan empire for 400 years.
		One of the major differences, however, between Melchizedek’s law and the Code of Hammurabi is that Hammurabi based his on human wisdom (and perhaps a demon’s influence: note his reference to Marduk in the introduction of his code of law) while Melchizedek based his law on love and the worship and honor of God.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b1hammurabi.htm (1237 words)

	Gateways To Babylon - www.GatewaysToBabylon.com
		Hammurabi's Code of Laws (translated by L.W. King)
		[Hammurabi] was the ruler who chiefly established the greatness of Babylon, the world's first metropolis.
		Many relics of Hammurabi's reign ([1795-1750 BC]) have been preserved, and today we can study this remarkable King....as a wise law-giver in his celebrated code.
	www.gatewaystobabylon.com /introduction/hammurabicode.htm (15826 words)

	Code of Hammurabi
		Collection of laws and edicts of King Hammurabi of Babylonia dating to the middle of the 18th century BCE.
		There are 282 case laws, which altogether cover 16 columns on the front side (the side where Hammurabi is depicted, receiving the symbols that allow him to administer the divine law from the sun-god Shamash) and 28 on the back side.
		The code explains how legal procedures should be conducted, and there are details about penalties for unjust accusations and false testimony.
	i-cias.com /e.o/hammurabi_code.htm (275 words)

	Code of Hammurabi @ Gavel2Gavel.com \|\|\| Summary and Full Text
		Picture of the original stone monolith which bears the Code of Hammurabi inscribed on it.
		The epilogue laws of justice which Hammurabi, the wise king, established; a righteous law, and pious statute did he teach the land.
		Hammurabi, the king of righteousness, on whom Shamash has conferred right am I. My words are well considered; my deeds are not equaled; to bring low those that were high; to humble the proud, to expel insolence.
	www.re-quest.net /g2g/historical/laws/hammurabi/index.htm (8143 words)

	Law Museum > 1760 BC - Hammurabi's Code of Laws
		I've taken three liberties with the actual text of Hammurabi's Code of Laws.
		The main source of Hammurabi's Code of Laws is a stone slab discovered in 1901 and preserved in the Louvre, Paris.
		But in Hammurabi's Laws, it was an eye for an eye (Law 196) and a tooth for a tooth (Law 200).
	www.duhaime.org /LegalResources/LawMuseum/tabid/345/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/105/Hamurrabis-Code-of-Laws-circa-1780-BC.aspx (2812 words)

	Code of Hammurabi
		The Code fixed a statutory wage for sowers, ox-drivers, field-labourers, and hire for oxen, asses, andc.
		Kohler and F. Peiser, Hammurabis Gesetz (Leipzig, 1904); R. Harper, The Code of Hammurabi, King, of Babylon about 2250 B.C. (Chicago, 1904); S.
		Cook, The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi (London, 1903).
	www.ancienttexts.org /library/mesopotamian/hammurabi.html (15829 words)

	Hammurabi's Code
		One of the most important lessons to focus on in preparation for a discussion of Hammurabi’s Code is a unit on the significance of cuneiform.
		Students are usually shocked to see the way Hammurabi’s Code laid out different punishments for the same crimes according to the class and/or gender of the victims and the perpetrators.
		By studying Hammurabi’s Code, students are given concrete evidence of the extensive reach of ancient Babylonian government into the lives of its population, as well as several excellent examples of the far-reaching legal distinctions of class and gender in the society.
	chnm.gmu.edu /worldhistorysources/d/267/whm.html (964 words)

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