Code-switching - Factbites

Code-switching - Factbites
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Topic: Code-switching

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	CS_paper.htm
		Code switching, according to the researchers is a device of “great semantic power.” Children who code switch are expanding their code switching strategies from the merely communicative to the rhetorical, and the well-informed educator can assist in this development, just as she assists the development of other communicative capacities of her students.
		Sánchez observes that code switching is often an intermediate step in an ethnic group’s shift away from its subordinate language in favor of the dominant language of the community, and for that reason code switching may be discouraged in the effort to avoid assimilation.
		Code switching, then, for young children is motivated by a desire to accommodate, not to emphasize a point or to mark ethnic identity.
	hamminkj.cafeprogressive.com /CS_paper.htm (5820 words)

	Bilingual conversations (kottke.org)
		Speakers often code switch between these varieties of their own speech -- and, as in the case of bilingual code switching -- may not even be aware that they are doing it.
		Code switching would probably be more prevalent among expat communities, where one language is spoken in public, another in private.
		Once concious case of bilingual code switching that I grew up with was when my grandmother would talk to her friends on the telephone.
	www.kottke.org /03/09/bilingual-conversations (17566 words)

	A20.doc
		By code switching, which occurs mostly in conversation, the choice of speech alerts the participants to the interaction of the context and social dimension within which the conversation is taking place.
		Code switching is not a display of deficient language knowledge: a grammarless mixing of two languages.
		This paper explores the possibility that code switching in Sri Lanka is in transition to code mixing or rather the emergence of a mixed code.
	ccwf.cc.utexas.edu /~sala23/abstracts/A20.doc (709 words)

	8051 Toolchain v7.1 r3 Release Note
		When selecting code bank switching the compiler automatically uses a different segment name convention to allow for proper function distribution over different code banks.
		In EDE this option is enabled by default when code bank switching and map file generation are enabled.
		When using code bank switching several limitations holds regarding references and calls between segments located in different code banks.
	ftp.altium.com /tasking/support/8051/readme_7_1r3.html (1427 words)

	CS_paper.htm
		Code switching, according to the researchers is a device of “great semantic power.” Children who code switch are expanding their code switching strategies from the merely communicative to the rhetorical, and the well-informed educator can assist in this development, just as she assists the development of other communicative capacities of her students.
		Sánchez observes that code switching is often an intermediate step in an ethnic group’s shift away from its subordinate language in favor of the dominant language of the community, and for that reason code switching may be discouraged in the effort to avoid assimilation.
		Code switching, then, for young children is motivated by a desire to accommodate, not to emphasize a point or to mark ethnic identity.
	hamminkj.cafeprogressive.com /CS_paper.htm (1427 words)

	wk971006.txt
		If your code needs to use a stack, you may need to allocate a temporary stack in the same bank of RAM you're in, for use only during the bank switch; of course, you have to save the current position of the old SP and restore it when you're done bank-switching.
		For a typical RAM-based program which does not do any bank- switching, the programmer provides interrupt handler code which resides at those addresses in RAM (typically a jump to somewhere else).
		If there is not appropriate code at 0038H and/or 0066H in the new bank of memory to deal with the interrupt, whatever garbage is present at those addresses will be executed as if it were code, and control will be lost.
	junior.apk.net /~drushel/pub/coleco/twwmca-original/wk971006.txt (2925 words)

	Store-and-forward switching center
		A Minimalist Approach to Intrasentential Code Switching 1997 dissertation by Jeff MacSwan which explores the grammatical structure of Spanish/Nahuatl code switching.
		Rethinking conversational code-switching: codes, speech varieties, and contextualization Article on the purposes and varieties of code switching by Celso Alvarez Caccamo.
		Multilayer Switching Reference Guide Multilayer switching is the combination of traditional Layer 2 switching with Layer 3 protocol routing in a single product, usually through a fast hardware implementation.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Store-and-forward_switching_center.html (500 words)

	Bank switching
		The common bank is set using the CODE option in the LINKER section of the dialog.
		Code banks begin at 0 and objects without a bank specification are placed in the COMMON AREA.
		Sets the starting address in CODE memory at which the banked code will start.
	www.fsinc.com /reference/html/pro7vjo.htm (148 words)

	Code-switching - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Code-switching within a sentence tends to occur more often at points where the syntaxes of the two languages align; thus it is uncommon to switch from English to French after an adjective and before a noun, because a French noun normally "expects" its adjectives to follow it.
		Code-switching is also different from (but is often accompanied by) spontaneous borrowing of words from another language, sometimes outfitted with the inflections of the host language, sometimes not.
		Code-switching is a term in linguistics referring to alternation between two or more languages, dialects, or language registers in the course of discourse between people who have more than one language in common.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Code-switching (719 words)

	HI-TECH Software Forums: Z80 bank switching
		Simpler approaches may be used for projects that require only two banks (since calling a project in the 'other' bank requires going through a springboard but calling projects in the 'current' bank does not, the fact that a springboard was used would automatically indicate the necessity of switching banks after the call).
		It means that you tell the compiler where the bank window is, how big it is and give it some routines to switch banks, and it will organize your code into banks and use your routines to access your functions as required.
		I'm just not sure how to incorporate this in C. One approach would be to divide your code into several 'projects', one for each memory bank, and have each project divided into two segments: the jump table and the main code.
	www.htsoft.com /forum/all/showflat.php/Cat/0/Number/15317/Main/14995 (938 words)

	Lynn Messing's Dissertation (Bimodal Communication): Chapter 2: Code Interactions Between Two Oral Languages
		functional uses of code- switching and borrowing (section 2.1.4).
		code- switching from bimodal and simultaneous communication, in
		by people who have been code- switching for years.
	user.dtcc.edu /~mancini/dissertation/ch2.html (3377 words)

	allocate xdata in bank x (bank switching method)
		The code banking support that is provided in C51 V5 performs CODE banking--not XDATA banking.
		So, the answer to your question is, no, since code and xdata are separate memory areas on the 8051.
		RE: allocate xdata in bank x (bank switching method)
	www.keil.com /discuss/docs/thread1977.htm (176 words)

	Code-Operated Switch-16 (COS-16) - Black Box®
		Convenient code-based switching means you can control all your devices from one computer.
		Bring the ease of “soft switching“ to large RS-232 applications with our Code-Operated Switch-16 (COS-16).
		It works just as reliably as a mechanical switch, but you activate it by sending a two-character ASCII code from your PC rather than pressing a button or turning a knob.
	www.blackbox.com /Catalog/Detail.aspx?cid=244,1309,1319&mid=1001 (158 words)

	Multiple banks
		Note that this means that you cant switch banks within one code file but multiple files can exist in the same bank.
		The ROM and RAM bank that the code should exist in is specified at compile time using the
		int main(void) { switch_rom_bank(1); /* Select bank 1 with segment _CODE_1 / silly_fun(5); / Prints "5 times 5 is 26" */ return 0; }
	gbdk.sourceforge.net /doc/html/c0303.html (286 words)

	Code-Switching
		Lederberg, Amy R., and Morales, Cesareo, “Code Switching by Bilinguals: Evidence Against a Third Grammar,” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 14 (1985)
		For example, a general finding throughout the literature is that bilinguals take longer to read and comprehend sentences containing code-switched words as compared to monolingual sentences.
		Thus, according to the specific grammatical rule-governing sentence (1) above, sentence (2) I want a VERDE motorcycle would be incorrect because language switching can occur between an adjective and a noun, only if the adjective is placed according to the rules of the language of the adjective.
	www.tamiu.edu /~rheredia/switch.htm (1097 words)

	SBC - Help - Area Code Prefixes - Texas
		Prefix numbers switching from 915 to 325 area code
		Prefix numbers switching from 915 to 432 area code
		Since there are no required telephone number changes with an overlay area code, prefix lists are not maintained for those areas that will have a new overlay area code added.
	www.sbc.com /gen/general?pid=1529 (230 words)

	A Segmented Gray Code for Low-Power Microcontroller Address Buses
		This code combined with the concept of the segmented gray code used for a microprocessor program counter leads to a decrease of the switching activity on the address bus by 25-30% as well as to a decrease in the area and power consumption of the program counter by about 10%.
		This paper presents a new approach in using the switching activity enhancements of a gray code on high capacitive microcontroller address lines.
		A novel segmented gray code is introduced that overcomes the exploding complexity disadvantage of higher bit width gray code incrementers compared to binary counters by breaking down the global scope of the common gray code.
	csdl2.computer.org /persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/&toc=comp/proceedings/euromicro/1999/0321/01/0321toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/EURMIC.1999.794474 (263 words)

	Frequency hopping data communication system - Patent 4606041
		switching means coupled to said code generator responsive to said repeated data to couple said first code stream to its output upon each occurrence of one of said binary conditions and to couple said second code stream to its output upon each occurrence of the other of said binary conditions,
		switching means coupled to said first code generator responsive to said repeated data to couple said first code stream to its output upon each occurrence of one of said binary conditions and to couple said second code stream to its output upon each occurrence of the other of said binary conditions,
		Pseudo-noise code streams are time displaced with respect to each other, and provide a frequency hopping rate equal to n times the rate of repeated binary data being transmitted, and wherein the pseudo-noise codes are used to directly derive a hopped frequency from a selected code sequence.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4606041.html (4287 words)

	C51: BANK SWITCHING COMMON AREA
		The common area in a bank switching program includes the reset vector, the interrupt vectors and interrupt routines, and other "common" routines.
		This is necessary when, for example, your program is executing code in BANK 1 and a serial interrupt occurs.
		Why must my bank switching program have a common area?
	www.keil.com /support/docs/164.htm (159 words)

	The Production of Code-Mixed Discourse (ResearchIndex)
		The starting point is a production model of code-switching accounting for empirical observations about switch-point distribution (the equivalence constraint), well-formedness of monolingual fragments, conservation of con- stituent structure and lack of constraint be- tween successive switch points, without invoking any...
		Abstract: We propose a comprehensive theory of code- mixed discourse, encompassing equivalence- point and insertional code-switching, palindromic constructions and lexical borrowing.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /578543.html (179 words)

	General Question About Structs and Stack on MS Newsgroups
		gain by switching the classes to structs I would do it.
		I do not think you will see a speed improvement by switching to structs.
		There are no problems with the code, but if I could see
	www.msnewsgroups.net /group/microsoft.public.dotnet.languages.csharp/topic1623.aspx (3680 words)

	Caldera DR-DOS 7.02 User Guide
		The code page is changed on all the devices (displays and printers) that were defined as supporting code page switching in the CONFIG.SYS file.
		When you have set the system up for code page switching, it is simple to switch from the default code page to any other that was prepared (that is, the hardware code page and any other code page defined in a MODE PREPARE command).
		In Code Page 850 it was not possible to keep the original code for every character in every local code page.
	www.drdos.net /documentation/usergeng/17ugch17.htm (3680 words)

	tg_convention.doc
		The first character represents the Office Class of location A, and the second character represents the Office Class of location Z. The following are Office Class codes and their meanings: 5 - First level of switching for lines: an end office serving lines.
		A trunk group that provides customers with two or more announcements, such as time, weather, lottery, sports results, etc. The selection of the announcement is determined by the destination code dialed.
		TRUNK NUMBER or TGN (4 characters) LOCATION IDENTIFICATION Office A and Office Z (11characters) represents the appropriate 11 character CLLI code entity format consistent with BR-795-100-100.
	www.dmssupport.net /files/tg_convention.doc (3680 words)

	Do You Code-Switch? Yet Another Reason to Go Some Rights Reserved Creative Commons
		My point, if I had one, was that in the very act of marking a work with the three layers of literal code, a Commoner encourages the more figurative kind of code-switching between lawyers, coders, and artists.
		UPDATE: I just spoke to an anthropologist friend who feared that I'd mistakenly thought that "code" in the phrases human-, lawyer-, and machine-readable "code" meant the same thing as it does in the context of regular old code-switching.
		I meant it as a metaphor, based on a verbal coincidence, and I guess I didn't explain it well.
	creativecommons.org /weblog/entry/4331 (325 words)

	Patent 4292624: International Morse Code number generator
		Upon generation of the Morse code equivalent of a digit the switching means 61 sequentially advances to the next lesser significant digit of the selected number in the unit 13 until all of the digits comprising the preselected number have been translated into Morse code.
		Upon completion of the code translation of a selected digit of the number, the switching means connects the binary levels of the counter containing the next lesser significant digit to the memory address and the binary counter is recycled.
		The code section of a selected memory segment generates the Morse code digit provided at memory output 65 and the digit completion section generates at least one digit completion or shift signals at output 175 which is fed to the control means 67 as will be subsequently further considered.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4292624.html (325 words)

	HowardForums: Your Mobile Phone Community & Resource - is it free to get your number changed on tmbolie?
		I have a 571 area code; when I first got my phone I inquired about switching to a 703 number.
		You need to be switching area codes, or want a different number within your area code.
		I understand if you just signed up and dotn like the area code (happens alot in NYC with 646 people...) but i dont understand why people would want a new area code when they move.
	www.howardforums.com /showthread.php?threadid=609997 (1133 words)

	phreak3.hac
		A switching matrix is used for all the phones in an area.
		First switching system used in America, adopted in 1918 and until 1978 Bell had over 53% of all exchanges using Step by Step [SxS].
		The way extenders operate: 1] Customer calls service, 2] He/she hears a low tone which sounds like a dial-tone, 3] She/he either dials the access code then the phone number, or dials the phone number then the access code, 4] Is connected to whatever he/she calls.
	www.textfiles.com /phreak/phreak3.hac (778 words)

	Definition of Area code
		Code 900 is reserved for premium-rate calls (also known as dial-it services, although such services also exist in some places on a local basis using a particular three-digit prefix following the area code, often "976").
		Codes 8xx with the last two digits matching, such as 800, 888, 877, 866, etc., are reserved for toll-free calls.
		In some localities you need to dial the area code even when calling within the same area; this is usually the case in urban areas where a 'local' call may be in another area code, or where two different area codes are overlaid on the same geographical area.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Area_code (778 words)

	Why is it called Purplehunt?
		That name, "Purple," was code name attributed to the machine that produced the Japanese most secret code system during World War II.
		Adding to complication of the code was the fact that four wheels were also shifted continually by this sophisticated ciphertext machine.
		The relative positions of the wheels on the assembly at any given time, and the sequence (and frequency of) wheel switching, was also included in the ciphertext of the document by way of a "key."
	www.purplehunt.com /whatt.htm (778 words)

	Calling CFM Code
		When we jump here from 68K code, the trap is executed and the Mixed Mode Manager takes over, setting up passed parameters in registers or on the stack, based on the ProcInfo in the routine descriptor: switching the architecture and then jumping to the CFM code.
		Calling CFM from classic code may be necessary for a number of reasons, particularly if you want to take advantage of both the classic and CFM libraries.
		The other intention is for code that "knows" that it is executing as classic 68K and is specifically trying to call code of another architecture using mixed mode.
	www.mactech.com:16080 /articles/mactech/Vol.13/13.08/CallingCFMCode (778 words)

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