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Topic: Coding strand

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Protein biosynthesis

	Coding strand Summary
		Wherever a gene exists on a DNA molecule, one strand is the sense (or coding) strand, and the other is the antisense (or anticoding, or template) strand.
		The RNA polymerase, and therefore the transcription bubble, travels along the coding strand in the 5' to 3' direction, and along the template strand in the opposite, 3' to 5', direction.
		Where the helix is unwound, the coding strand consists of unpaired bases, whilst the template strand consists of an RNA:DNA hybrid, followed by a number of unpaired bases at the rear.
	www.bookrags.com /Coding_strand (962 words)

	Coding strand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wherever a gene exists on a DNA molecule, one strand is the sense (or coding) strand, and the other is the antisense (or anticoding, or template) strand.
		The RNA polymerase, and therefore the transcription bubble, travels along the coding strand in the 5' to 3' direction, and along the template strand in the opposite, 3' to 5', direction.
		Where the helix is unwound, the coding strand consists of unpaired bases, whilst the template strand consists of an RNA:DNA hybrid, followed by a number of unpaired bases at the rear.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coding_strand (245 words)

	Non-coding strand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that are bound together through several types of chemical interactions.
		RNA polymerase reads one of these strands, the template or coding strand, and produces an mRNA transcript, which is later translated into a protein.
		The addition of a second strand of DNA decreases the chance of nucleotides shifting along the strand, but unfortunately when a non-coding DNA strand is present a "point mutation" can occur.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Non-coding_strand (203 words)

	DNA Strands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The opposite strand (that is, the strand with a base sequence directly corresponding to the mRNA sequence) is called the coding strand or the mRNA-like strand because the sequence corresponds to the codons that are translated into protein.
		The upper strand of DNA is the "mRNA-like" strand.
		The lower strand is the strand that is complementary to the mRNA.
	www.sci.sdsu.edu /~smaloy/MicrobialGenetics/topics/chroms-genes-prots/temp-strand.html (318 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Coding strand
		When referring to DNA transcription (protein biosynthesis), the coding strand is the DNA strand which has the same base sequence as the RNA transcript produced (although with thymine replaced by uracil).
		Wherever a gene exists on a DNA molecule, one strand is the coding strand (or sense strand), and the other is the template strand (or antisense strand, or anticoding strand).
		The coding strand is also sometimes referred to as the RNA-like strand, referring to its similarity to the transcribed RNA product.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Coding_strand (292 words)

	[No title]
		A gene is a stretch of DNA that carries a coded message for the synthesis of a specific protein.
		The codon AUG codes for methionine but when it occurs after a promoter sequence it also serves as a "start" signal indicating the beginning of the coded message.
		The coded message of DNA is usually interrupted by one or more sequences that are not part of the gene message.
	staff.um.edu.mt /acus1/4genfunction.htm (1567 words)

	Lecture 13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Strand used as template is called the transcribed or template strand or the antisense strand (in that region).
		Strand that is not transcribed (in that region) is called the sense strand or coding strand.
		The terms "template strand" or "transcribed strand" can also be interpreted in more than one way, but these terms are virtually always used to mean the strand acting as template for RNA synthesis (= the strand that is transcribed from, not the strand that is being made, during transcription).
	www.columbia.edu /cu/biology/courses/c2005/lectures/lec13_05.html (4598 words)

	The Genetic Code (5' -> 3')
		Each strand is a polynucleotide composed of A (adenosine), T (thymidine), C (cytidine), and G (guanosine) residues polymerized by "dehydration" synthesis in linear chains with specific sequences.
		Each strand has polarity, such that the 5'-hydroxyl (or 5'-phospho) group of the first nucleotide begins the strand and the 3'-hydroxyl group of the final nucleotide ends the strand; accordingly, we say that this strand runs 5' to 3' ("Five prime to three prime").
		One strand of DNA holds the information that codes for various genes; this strand is often called the template strand or antisense strand (containing anticodons).
	department.txwes.edu /bio/mclark/genetics/geneticd.html (535 words)

	Stochastic DNA in the presence of the coding bias
		We have shown that the long-range power-law correlations in DNA coding function are associated with the appearance of purine rich sequences in the sense strand of DNA molecule.
		As a model of coding noise we have taken the values of the square root of calculated from the Ych2 in the ranges of r between 1000 and 83000 codons (i.e., the size of the largest period in the correlation function in phase (1) of Ych2) and repeated it along DNA strand.
		Because the sense strand of coding sequences is usualy richer in purines than antisense strand - the correlated distribution of coding ORFs generates the correlations in nucleotide distribution along the chromosome sequences.
	smorfland.microb.uni.wroc.pl /StochasticDNA/StochasticDNA.html (1932 words)

	Lecture Notes, Genetics, Emporia State Univ.
		The coding strand is the strand that has the same sequence as the RNA, except that the Ts in DNA are replaced by Us in RNA.
		The complementary strand, the one that is read by the RNA polymerase is called the template or anti-coding or non-coding strand (figure 13.4).
		In larger viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes, either strand may be the coding strand, but in any given region, generally only one strand is the coding strand.
	www.emporia.edu /biosci/genetics/note13.htm (1749 words)

	Replication Origin of Mitochondrial DNA in Insects -- Saito et al. 171 (4): 1695 -- Genetics
		The sequences of the template strands are in the middle portion of the A + T-rich region.
		The actual length of the T-stretch in the major coding strand for the strains in this study is 18 bp for D.
		The actual lengths of the T-stretch in the minor coding strands for the strains in this study are 17 and 24 nucleotides for D.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/171/4/1695 (5427 words)

	Sense in the antisense strand of DNA?
		A correspondence between open reading frames in sense and antisense strands is expected from the hypothesis that the prototypic triplet code was of general form RNY, where R is a purine base, N is any base, and Y is a pyrimidine.
		Codons for hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids on the sense strand may sometimes be complemented, in frame, by codons for hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids on the antisense strand.
		Blalock JE (1990) Complementarity of peptides specified by "sense" and "antisense" strands of DNA.
	post.queensu.ca /~forsdyke/antisens.htm (3107 words)

	RNA -- Biotechnology Stocks
		DNA double helix is unwound by the helicase activity of the enzyme.
		The strand from which the RNA is encoded is called the template strand; the opposite strand is called the coding strand (so called because it logically has the equivalent nucleotide sequence of the new RNA strand).
		Double-stranded RNA (or dsRNA) is RNA with two complementary strands, similar to the DNA found in all "higher" cells.
	www.biotech100.com /biotechnology_encyclopedia/rna.htm (746 words)

	BC Online: 4B - Central Dogma of Biology
		It is this strand that serves as a template for the mRNA synthesis.
		The genetic code shows the relationship between the triplet mRNA codon and the amino acid which corresponds to it in the growing peptide chain.
		Recent studies have shown that not all of the DNA interspersed between coding sections of eukaryotic DNA (introns) are devoid of information content.
	employees.csbsju.edu /hjakubowski/classes/ch331/dna/oldnacentdogma.html (1379 words)

	IMGT Index
		The DNA strand orientation is by convention 5'->3'.
		The 'DNA strand orientation' concept, relative to a gene, is for a given gene, the orientation of the DNA strands, relative to the orientation of transcription of that gene.
		The 5'->3' DNA strand is designated, for a given gene, as 'sense', 'plus' or 'coding' strand because its sequence is identical to the sequence of the premessenger (premRNA) [except for uracile (U) in RNA, instead of thymine (T) in DNA].
	imgt.cines.fr /textes/IMGTindex/dnaStrand.html (207 words)

	Nucleic Acids and the Genetic Material Problem Set
		The parent strand at the 3' end of the template determines the daughter or leading strand in continuous replication.
		The parent strand at the 5' end of the template produces the lagging strand as short pieces of DNA (100-200 nucleotides in eukaryotes and longer in prokaryotes).
		The lagging strand fragments are called Okazaki fragments after their discoverer, Reiji Okazaki.
	www.biology.arizona.edu /molecular_bio/problem_sets/nucleic_acids/04t.html (160 words)

	Antisense definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Antisense: In molecular biology, the strand complementary to a coding sequence of a nucleic acid.
		Antisense DNA is the non-coding strand complementary to the coding strand in double-stranded DNA.
		The antisense strand serves as the template for messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=18223 (172 words)

	Strand asymmetry of CpG transitions as indicator of G1 phase-dependent origin of multiple tumorigenic p53 mutations in ...
		Strand asymmetry of CpG transitions as indicator of G1 phase-dependent origin of multiple tumorigenic p53 mutations in stem cells -- Rodin and Rodin 95 (20): 11927 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		In dividing cells, expression of mutations is DNA strand symmetric.
		A on the nontranscribed strand; and CpG transitions are the
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/20/11927 (3935 words)

	transcription
		An enzyme (transcriptase) moves along the DNA strand and assembles the nucleotides needed to make a complementary strand of mRNA.
		The promoter sequence is a unidirectional sequence found on one strand of the DNA that instructs the RNA polymerase in both where to start synthesis and in which direction synthesis should continue.
		This strand is called the antisense or template strand, whereas the other strand is referred to as the sense or coding strand.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/T/transcription.html (577 words)

	DNA
		Unfortunately none of these pairs is defined in a universally accepted way: for example, one may contrast 'the coding strand of DNA has the same sequence as mRNA' (page 723 in [1]) with 'coding strand: the strand of duplex DNA which is transcribed into a complementary mRNA molecule' (page 18 in [2]).
		Moreover, as the word 'coding' refers to the relationship between nucleic acids and proteins, rather than the mere transcription of DNA into RNA, it is logical to call the strand with the mRNA sequence the coding strand, as in the first example.
		When DNA sequences are described by giving the sequence of only one strand, this is usually the strand with the same sequence as the RNA (messenger, ribosomal, transfer, etc.) and should therefore be called the coding strand.
	www.chem.qmul.ac.uk /iubmb/newsletter/misc/DNA.html (213 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		code: A, C, G, T, U. RNA is represented by sequence of A,C,G, and U. a.
		For each gene, one of the strands is the template strand and the other is the coding strand.
		subsequence in the coding strand is called transcription.
	www.seas.upenn.edu /~cse121/hws/hw02/hw02.html (905 words)

	PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
		The strand from which the information comes is called the coding strand (or sense strand or template strand) while the other strand is called the noncoding strand (or mis-sense strand).
		Polymerases always work from the 3' to the 5' end of the coding strand of DNA (template); thus the antiparallel structure it is forming is going from the 5' to 3' direction.
		The m-RNA is longer than the actual coding area because there is a leader sequence before AUG and a terminator sequence that follows the ribosomal stop codon.
	www.mrs.umn.edu /~goochv/CellBio/lectures/synthesis/synthesis.html (970 words)

	Deena Douglas.com - Advanced Energy Healing & Coaching - 12 Strand DNA Activation
		DNA Activation: 12 strand dna activation, 12 strand dna coding, dna
		strands may take up to three years for full manifestation.
		energetic DNA strands, which have been in a latent state.
	www.deenadouglas.com /12-strand-dna-activation.html (316 words)

	Dairy CRC \| Innovative Dairy Products - GenEd Glossary
		Coiled protein-coated strand of the DNA molecule found in the cells of eukaryotic organisms.
		Coding regions of the DNA molecule (exons) are separated by non-coding regions (introns).
		Stage in the process of protein synthesis during which the coding strand of DNA is the template for producing messenger RNA (mRNA).
	www.dairycrc.com /www/163/1001127/displayarticle/1001230.html (2012 words)

	Strand compositional asymmetry in bacterial and large viral genomes -- Mrázek and Karlin 95 (7): 3720 -- ...
		Strand compositional asymmetry in bacterial and large viral genomes -- Mrázek and Karlin 95 (7): 3720 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		strand or a deficit of C in the lagging strand extending from
		to be the predominant cause of the strand compositional asymmetry.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/7/3720 (3844 words)

	How Does Replication-Associated Mutational Pressure Influence Amino Acid Composition of Proteins? -- Mackiewicz et al. ...
		Figure 2 The result of subtraction of the DNA walk on strand C from the DNA walk on strand W for ORFs longer than 150 codons for the genomes of Chlamydia trachomatis (a); Mycobacterium tuberculosis (b); Escherichia coli (c); Helicobacter pylori (d); Haemophilus influenzae (e); and Borrelia burgdorferi (f).
		Figure 3 The result of subtraction of the DNA walk on the C strand from the DNA walk on the W strand for the third positions in codons (a) and the DNA walk on the W strand of intergenic sequences (b) of the T.
		Asymmetry of coding versus non-coding strands in coding sequences of different genomes.
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/9/5/409 (3485 words)

	In Vitro Transcription: The Basics
		When a DNA sequence is presented in scientific journals and databases, it is usually written as a single strand.
		By convention, the strand shown is the coding (+) or sense strand, identical in sequence (with T's instead of U's) to its mRNA copy.
		The complementary DNA strand is called the noncoding or (-) strand and corresponds to the antisense strand.
	www.ambion.com /techlib/append/antisense.html (138 words)

	Protein biosynthesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		As the RNA polymerase binds on to the promoter, the DNA strands are beginning to unwind.
		As the RNA polymerase travels through the strand that is opposite to the coding strand (the cell wants a copy of the coding strand, so it needs to copy that from the DNA that is the opposite of the coding strand), it matches corresponding mRNA nucleotides to the DNA.
		As the polymerase reaches the termination stage, modifications are required for the newly transcribed mRNA to be able to travel to the other parts of the cell, including cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum.
	protein-biosynthesis.area51.ipupdater.com (606 words)

	DNA -> RNA & Codons
		The coding strand turns gray and then disappears, leaving the template strand (see strands above).
		Anti-codons in the template strand are identified as groups of three bases, moving from the right end (5' end) to the left end (3' end); that is, moving in the direction of synthesis.
		These are displayed from left to right, namely, in the direction in which the mRNA would be synthesized (5' to 3' for the mRNA) antiparallel to the DNA coding strand.
	www.umass.edu /microbio/chime/dna/codons.htm (275 words)

	RNA Transcription
		The transcription of a single RNA strand is illustrated in the graphic on the left.
		One major difference is that the heterocyclic amine, adenine, on DNA codes for the incorporation of uracil in RNA rather than thymine as in DNA.
		Specific sequences on the non coding strand of DNA are recognized as the signal to start the unwinding process.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/583rnatrans.html (691 words)

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