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Topic: Codling Moth

	Codling Moth Information Support System (CMISS) - Bibliography: Biocontrol of Codling Moth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		[Parasites of Chloridea and the codling moth.] [Ru].
		(Hymenoptera,Braconidae) - a widespread parasiste of the codling moth.] [Ru].
		(Ichneumonidae,Hymenoptera), a parasite of the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonellain Kirghizia.] [Ru].
	ippc.orst.edu /codlingmoth/biblio/biocontrol.html (7713 words)

	UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Codling Moth on Walnut
		Codling moths overwinter as full-grown larvae in thick, silken cocoons under loose scales of bark or in trash on the ground near the trunk.
		Codling moths can be distinguished from other small moths likely to occur in the orchard by the coppery markings on their wing tips.
		Codling moth egg hatch period is dependent on temperatures but typically the egg hatch period for the overwintered generation lasts 4 to 6 weeks and 4 weeks for later generations.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/r881300211.html (5771 words)

	Codling Moth
		Codling moths can be distinguished from other insects in the traps by their bronze wing tips.
		Codling moth trap catch records need to be maintained throughout the summer to monitor additional generations.
		Codling moth resistance to traditional organophosphate insecticides such as Imidan and Guthion is becoming more common on the east and west coasts, as well as in the Midwest.
	www.uky.edu /Agriculture/Entomology/entfacts/fruit/ef203.htm (1219 words)

	Codling Moth
		The codling moth is a pest of apples and pears and a pest of walnuts on the West Coast.
		Codling moths overwinter as mature larvae in tightly constructed silken cocoons located principally under loose bark on the tree trunk and larger limbs.
		The first spray to control the first generation codling moth is applied at 500 to 550 DD accumulated after April 1, or 250 DD after the first sustained catch in the pheromone traps.
	web1.msue.msu.edu /vanburen/fcodmoth.htm (1646 words)

	Chemical Control of Codling Moth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Codling moth larvae damage fruit directly making it a pest that can be tolerated at only very low levels.
		For seven decades, chemical measures have been the mainstay of codling moth control, but insecticide use is beginning to fail on a worldwide scale due to evolution of pesticide-resistant strains.
		Codling moth control with organophosphates, especially azinphosmethyl, has formed the basis for management systems in apple over the past 25 years (Hoyt 1969).
	www.ippc.orst.edu /codlingmoth/ipm/ChemControl.html (1568 words)

	CASFS - Controlling Codling Moth in Backyard Orchards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The cocoons or the large, pink codling moth larvae can be destroyed by cutting out the cardboard strips and squashing or burning them, or dropping the cocoons or larvae in soapy water.
		This tiny wasp is a codling moth egg parasite - the female wasp lays her eggs inside codling moth eggs, which the developing wasps eventually destroy.
		It is only effective if moth pressure is relatively low, the orchard is limited to a few apple trees, and the trees are at least a mile away from possible sources of mated female moths, such as orchards with no suppression efforts or abandoned orchards.
	zzyx.ucsc.edu /casfs/gardenideas/moths.html (2324 words)

	Control of Codling Moth in Apple by Use of Pheromone Dispensers
		Codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.), is a key pest of apple, European and Asian pear, Persian walnut, and Japanese plum, in regions where they are cultivated worldwide (Barnes et al.
		Prior to bud break, codling moth pheromone traps should be placed in the orchard at the rate of five per an acre (one in the center and on each corner).
		It has been found that male and unmated female codling moth activity is greatest in the upper tree canopy, therefore dispensers should be placed in the upper half of the tree for maximum effectiveness (Weissling and Knight 1995).
	www.ento.vt.edu /Fruitfiles/moth.html (745 words)

	GEMPLER'S - Reduce Damage from the Codling Moth
		Codling moths are small gray and brown insects considered to be the greatest threat to many fruit and nut growers.
		Codling moths spend the winter primarily under loose bark as mature larvae in a silken cocoon.
		Remember that the codling moth is the greatest threat to many fruit and nut crops.
	www.gemplers.com /a/pages/icodmoth.asp (1087 words)

	UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Codling Moth on Pear
		Codling moth has the greatest potential for damage of any pear pest, yet it can be effectively controlled with properly timed treatments.
		In orchards with high codling moth populations or in the first year of mating disruption, apply an insecticide application at 250 DD from the first biofix to catch the moths of the first peak of the overwintered moth flight (tebufenozide-Confirm would be applied at 600-700 DD).
		In orchards where codling moth is managed primarily with insecticides, the need and timing for treatment is influenced by the codling moth pressure in the orchard, which can be determined by pheromone trap catches.
	www.ipm.ucdavis.edu /PMG/r603300111.html (2966 words)

	Codling Moth
		Mature codling moth larvae overwinter in silken cocoons spun under loose bark, in the soil or in trash at the base of trees.
		The fact sheet Codling Moth Sex Pheromone Traps, which is available from the Kelowna BCMAFF office, provides details on installation, placement, maintenance and use of traps, and assists in the interpretation of trap captures.
		As codling moth populations decrease, it becomes important to eliminate or treat wooden structures within or immediately adjacent to the orchards.
	www.agf.gov.bc.ca /cropprot/tfipm/codlingmoth.htm (1246 words)

	Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella) and Its Control
		Codling moth is the most serious insect pest of apples and pears in New Mexico.
		The codling moth passes the winter as a full-grown larva in diapause (winter resting stage) inside a thick, silken cocoon.
		planteri, which attack codling moth eggs, are released on the borders of orchards treated with mating disruptants to help control eggs laid by mated female moths immigrating into the area.
	www.cahe.nmsu.edu /pubs/_h/h-427.html (1809 words)

	ExoSect : Solutions: Pests: Codling Moth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Codling moth larvae that are feeding on the core characteristically have frass (excrement) exuding from the point of entry.
		Codling moth is now such a wide spread pest that it has become progressively resistant to chemical insecticide sprays in many parts of the world.
		The Codling moth is capable of 4 generations per year, in particularly hot climates and summers.
	www.exosect.com /solutions/pests/codling_moth.asp (836 words)

	AllRefer.com - codling moth (Zoology: Invertebrates) - Encyclopedia
		codling moth[kod´ling] Pronunciation Key, small moth, Carpocapsa pomonella, whose larva is the destructive apple worm.
		The adult moth is gray with brown markings and has a wingspan of about 3/4 in.
		The codling moth is classified in the phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Lepidoptera, family Tortricidae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/codlingm.html (214 words)

	Agricultural Research: Bigger areas are better - codling moth control program in the Northwest - Cover Story
		Codling moth, the most destructive pome fruit pest, worldwide, is finally meeting its match.
		Because of codling moth and some concern as well about other minor insect pests, apple and pear growers in the western United States spray their crops with nearly 2 million pounds of insecticides annually.
		Unchecked, codling moths have the potential to destroy an estimated 80 percent of the Northwest's apple crop and 50 percent of its pears.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3741/is_n5_v45/ai_19717086 (1485 words)

	Codling Moth On Fruit Trees, HYG-2203-92
		Another type of codling moth injury is known as "stings." A sting is a place where the larva chews only a short distance into the apple.
		The codling moth overwinters as a fully grown larva in a silken cocoon, usually located under loose bark on the tree trunk and limbs.
		The moth is distinctive because its wings are crisscrossed with lighter gray lines, and there is a bronze or copper-colored patch near the outer margins of the forewings.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2203.html (1296 words)

	Codling Moth Research 2003
		Populations of codling moth (Cydia pomonella), the prominent apple pest in the Ocheda Orchard, were monitored through the use of pheromone traps.
		Codling moth and other apple pest populations were controlled in both conventional and alternative plots via the utilization of pheromone mating disruptors, the release of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma platneri, and the enhancement of beneficial insect populations through the planting of three varieties of insectary crops.
		Codling moth population levels were far below normal population levels and were therefore negligible in number throughout the entire growing season in both the conventional and alternative plots.
	www.mda.state.mn.us /ipm/cmresearch.htm (591 words)

	Pest of the month - Codling Moth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If you have codling moth in the orchard you'll first detect them by the evidence of small holes pierced in the skin of your apples.
		Codling moth is the most serious pest of apple and pear worldwide...
		Mature codling moth larvae overwinter in silken cocoons spun under loose bark, in the soil or in trash at the base of...
	www.theveggielady.com /pests/codlingmoth.asp (541 words)

	Royal Horticultural Society - Gardening Advice: Codling Moth
		Adult codling moths emerge in late May and lay eggs on or near developing fruits from June to mid-July.
		Codling moth caterpillars can only be controlled on apple and pear before they enter the fruit.
		A pheromone trap on its own cannot control codling moths, but on isolated trees it may catch enough males to reduce the females' mating success, resulting in fewer fertile eggs will be laid.
	www.rhs.org.uk /advice/profiles0601/codling_moth.asp (360 words)

	HortResearch Publication - Organic Codling Moth Control on New Zealand Apple Orchards
		If no insecticides are used, the numbers of codling moth can increase up to ten times in one season from the first to the second generation.
		The first sign of the codling moth caterpillar is small piles of light brown frass (droppings) of the surface of the fruitlets.
		Despite the large populations of codling moth in these surrounding orchards, control was still maintained in the pheromone treated orchard.
	www.hortnet.co.nz /publications/science/clwater.htm (1396 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Particle Films for Suppression of the Codling Moth, Cydia Pomonella (L.), in Apple and Pear ...
		We show that 50 to 90% control of codling moth is possible in the field and that modifications of insect behavior is the key way particles act to produce this result.
		Hatch rate of codling moth eggs was unaffected by particle films, sprayed on host plants either before or after oviposition.
		Particle films appear to be a promising supplemental control approach for codling moth in orchards where moth density is high, and may represent a stand-alone method where moth densities are lower.
	ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=106481 (355 words)

	Codling Moth -- UVM Extension Entomology Leaflet 91
		EL 91 Historically, the codling moth* was one of the major pests of apples.
		Codling moth activity is strongly influenced by temperature.
		Thus, codling moth sprays are seldom applied in spite of the fact that codling moth has been a serious pest in the past and retains the potential to be one again.
	www.uvm.edu /extension/publications/el/el91.htm (836 words)

	Potential of adult carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as predators of fifth-instar codling moth (Lepidoptera: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Codling moth is a serious pest of several crops including apples, pears and walnuts.
		In apple orchards in Sonoma and Contra Costa counties of California, the investigators conducted observations on predators attacking fifth-instar codling moth tethered on the orchard floor.
		In walnuts, codling moth larvae overwinter under loose scales of bark or in trash on the ground near the trunk.
	www.sarep.ucdavis.edu /NEWSLTR/v7n1/sa-12.htm (441 words)

	Pheromones
		The class most widely explored are the sex pheromones produced by female moths which are used to attract conspecific males for mating.
		Codling moth males casting through the apple orchards will eventually be caught in the plume of a calling female, get aroused and steer upwind until they find her and mate with her.
		During the past 40 years, pheromones of hundreds of insect species have been chemically elucidated, including the sex pheromone of the codling moth.
	www.nysaes.cornell.edu /pheronet/pherom.html (582 words)

	Codling Moth
		Codling moth overwinters as a full-grown larva within a cocoon.
		Adults are a 3/4 inch long moth that has a cinnamon brown spot on the end of each wing tip.
		Stings and deep entries are the two visible types of damage attributable to codling moth larval feeding.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /dp_hfrr/extensn/problems/codling.htm (425 words)

	Springstar Codling Moth/Fruit Tree Trap
		Codling moths are worldwide pests that damage the fruits of apple, pear and quince during the insect's worm stage.
		Codling moth worms hatch out of eggs which are laid on the fruit by female moths.
		Controlling the moths during these key blight times, before the eggs are laid, can effectively prevent worm damage to fruit.
	www.biconet.com /traps/CodlingMothTrap.html (255 words)

	Meet the Pest: Codling Moth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1747, the moth Cydia pomonella was given the common name "codling moth" after the elongated, greenish English cooking apple known as “codling.” As apples were cultivated, the codling moth spread and today is the most important pest of apples worldwide.
		Depending upon the climate and sometimes the host plant, codling moths can produce one to four generations.
		Codling moth females lay between 30 and 70 eggs, ovipositing for four to seven days and living for about four days after the last oviposition.
	www.certisusa.com /pests/codling-moth.html (279 words)

	Common Tree Fruit Insects
		Codling Moth can be severe in home fruit trees and control may be required.
		Mass trapping and disorientation experiments using pheromones to control the codling moth have been attempted in commercial settings but have been unsuccessful unless dispensers were placed in every tree.
		When trap catches are 2 to 3 codling moths per trap - we call this the biofix, around mid to late May. Time sprays for hatching larvae at 250 degree days base 50 after biofix the first or second week of June.
	www.canr.msu.edu /vanburen/fruitbug.htm (1439 words)

	codling moth on Encyclopedia.com
		Codling moths cause damage to apples, pears and walnuts.(Knight Ridder Newspapers)
		New lure works better than pheromones for codling moths.
		New lure fights codling moth: Attractant traps both male, female walnut pests.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c1/codlingm.asp (318 words)

	Codling moth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus): Codling moth is present throughout the commercial fruit production area, but is maintained at low population levels in many orchards by insecticides applied for the control of other pests.
		Unacceptable levels of injury do occur annually in those orchards where codling moth exceeds threshold levels and insecticides are not applied at the appropriate time.
		Chemical control: Insecticides for codling moth control are applied in those orchards where the pheromone trap catch exceeds five moths per trap per week.
	www.caf.wvu.edu /kearneysville/profile/codling.htm (231 words)

	Codling moth weapon on way
		ARS entomologist Douglas M. Light discovered that one of the chemicals responsible for a pear's sweet odor, known as the pear ester, attracts both female and male codling moths.
		Codling moths are the most severe and widely distributed pest of apples, pears and walnuts in the world.
		Researchers estimate that 90 to 95 percent of male codling moths in an orchard must be trapped or prevented from finding a mate to reduce the number of fertile eggs laid by females to an economically manageable level.
	westernfarmpress.com /mag/farming_codling_moth_weapon/index.html (281 words)

	The Codling Moth or Apple Worm
		But the most serious of all is the Codling Moth which if uncontrolled can destroy over 90 percent of the crop.
		The codling moth or Apple Worm is a pinkish-white caterpillar or larva that causes those worm holes in the sides or blossom ends of apples that lead into the core.
		The codling moth is a native of Europe and was brought to the eastern United States along with apples before 1750.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /natbltn/300-399/nb397.htm (570 words)

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