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Topic: Coercive monopoly

	Monopoly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Monopolies are characterized by a lack of economic competition for the good or service that they provide and a lack of viable substitute goods.
		Monopolies are often distinguished based on the circumstances under which they arise; the broadest distinction is between monopolies that are the result of government intervention and those that arise without it e.g.
		A local monopoly is a monopoly of a market in a particular area, usually a town or even a smaller locality: the term is used to differentiate a monopoly that is geographically limited within a country, as the default assumption is that a monopoly covers the entire industry in a given country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monopoly (2656 words)

	Government-granted monopoly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In economics, a government-granted monopoly (also called a "de jure monopoly") is a form of coercive monopoly in a government grants exclusive privilege to a private individual or firm to be the sole provider of a good or service; potential competitors are excluded from the market by law, regulation, or other mechanisms of government enforcement.
		As a form of coercive monopoly, government-granted monopoly is contrasted with a non-coercive monopoly or an efficiency monopoly, where there is no competition but it is not forcibly excluded.
		Amongst forms of coercive monopoly it is distinguished form government monopoly or state monopoly (in which government agencies hold the legally-enforced monopoly rather than private individuals or firms) and from government-sponsored cartels (in which the government forces several independent produces to partially coordinate their decisions through a centralized organization).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Government-granted_monopoly (627 words)

	Monopoly - Knowmore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Monopolies are often distinguished based on the circumstances under which they arise; the main distinctions are between a monopoly that is the result of coercion (coercive monopoly); or one that arises from the cost structure of the industry (natural monopoly) due to e.g.
		A government monopoly may exist at different levels of government (eg just for one region or locality); a state monopoly is specifically operated by a national government.
		A coercive monopoly is one that arises and whose existence is maintained as the result of any sort of activity that violates the principle of a free market and is therefore insulated from competition which would otherwise be a potential threat to its superior status.
	www.knowmore.org /index.php/Monopoly (2340 words)

	Natural Monopoly
		This monopoly is coercively imposed on those who don't have a share of land, unless the natural benefits, manifested as rent, are equally shared.
		A "natural monopoly" is defined in economics as an industry where the fixed cost of the capital goods is so high that it is not profitable for a second firm to enter and compete.
		The beneficiaries of coercive natural monopolies are the owners of the monopoly and the owners of the land rent.
	www.progress.org /archive/fold74.htm (995 words)

	Monopoly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Advocates of economic liberalism assert that a more fundamental way of classifying monopolies is to distinguish those that arise and exist due to violation of the principles of a free market (coercive monopoly) from those that arise and are maintained by consistently outcompeting all other firms.
		Main article: Natural monopoly A natural monopoly is a monopoly that arises in industries where economies of scale are so large that a single firm can supply the entire market without exhausting them.
		Main article: coercive monopoly A coercive monopoly is one that arises and whose existence is maintained as the result of any sort of activity that violates the principle of a free market and is therefore insulated from competitive forces that would otherwise be a potential threat to its superior status.
	monopoly.ask.dyndns.dk (2297 words)

	Tibor R
		The reason government is supposed to be coercive by its very nature is often provided by reference to Max Weber definition of it “A state is defined by the specific means peculiar to it, the use of physical force.
		The state is a human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory.
		coercive monopoly - like, say, the post office's first class division – rather than a benign monopoly, like that of a privately owned apartment house or an air carrier (once air born).
	www.liberalia.com /htm/tm_minarchists_anarchists.htm (7007 words)

	The Question of Monopolies
		A coercive monopoly is not the result of laissez-faire; it can result only from the abrogation of laissez-faire and from the introduction of the opposite principle—the principle of statism.
		In this country, a utility company is a coercive monopoly: the government grants it a franchise for an exclusive territory, and no one else is allowed to engage in that service in that territory; a would-be competitor, attempting to sell electric power, would be stopped by law.
		In the issue of monopolies, as in so many other issues, capitalism is commonly blamed for the evils perpetrated by its destroyers: it is not free trade on a free market that creates coercive monopolies, but government legislation, government action, government controls.
	www.nathanielbranden.com /ess/ton01.html (1943 words)

	The Great Divorce
		Dr. Machan’s strategy is to argue that while government does indeed represent a monopoly, just as anarchists claim, it does not represent the sort of monopoly that anarchists justly complain of, and so the general libertarian critique of monopolies does not apply to government.
		A privately owned apartment house is a de facto monopoly in the same way as any particular ownership constitutes such a monopoly, especially to someone else who wants just that item but cannot have it since it is now owned by another.
		Coercive monopoly is always justified when what someone is “monopolising” is her own property.
	www.strike-the-root.com /4/long/long4.html (2384 words)

	Ms. Logic and the Law
		By 'monopoly' Rand meant coercive monopoly, not 'sole producer.' Government "holds the exclusive right to enforce certain rules of social conduct" her essay begins [107, italics in the original].
		Rand argued for a state monopoly on the use of force.(4) Yet the establishment of a state monopoly automatically involves an initiation of force, something which Rand asserted must be barred from civilized society: a state monopoly is by its nature restrictive and coercive.
		A government monopoly not only breaches individual rights - by eliminating liberty of choice - it also conflicts with Rand's principle of barring force from social relations: a state monopoly, to be a monopoly, must be both absolute and enforced.
	folk.uio.no /thomas/po/misslogic.html (9600 words)

	ANTITRUST LAWS SHOULD BE ABOLISHED
		monopoly is deregulation and repeal of the antitrust laws.
		However, a coercive monopoly cannot be established in a free economy — the necessary precondition of a coercive monopoly is closed entry which can only be achieved by an act of government intervention in the form of special regulations, subsidies, or franchises.
		There is a large difference between monopoly in the sense of being the sole firm in a market, and in the exploitative sense of using state help or force to keep competitors out.
	www.quebecoislibre.org /000219-13.htm (2875 words)

	The Structure of Liberty by Randy Barnett
		The discussion at the end of Chapter 13 described three devices that classical liberals long have favored to constrain abuses of a coercive monopoly of power: elections, federalism or separations of power, and free emigration.
		Natural monopoly is defined there as: "A natural condition that makes the optimum size of the firm so large in relation to the market that there is room for only one firm.
		The crucial criterion for the existence of a natural monopoly is that the market must be sufficiently small so that it can be satisfied by a single firm which is operating in an area of decreasing costs.
	www.bu.edu /rbarnett/C13.htm (1278 words)

	Let's Gut the Political Community
		Mark this fact well: socialism is not fundamentally the altruistic redistribution of wealth from the rich to the poor, but the coercive redistribution of power from individuals to the state.
		It was galling not only that statist attorneys claimed that Microsoft was a monopoly (since good economists know that an economic monopoly is virtually impossible in a free-enterprise system), but that in the United States, the federal government is the biggest monopoly of all.
		If we are to have a monopoly, by all means, let it be a non-coercive Microsoft monopoly rather than a coercive, Hell-bent, tyrannical monopoly of the federal government.
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig/sandlin4.html (1237 words)

	[No title]
		A coercive monopoly is exclusive control in a field of production, completely exempt from competition and the laws of supply and demand.
		The only type of monopoly that could exist in a free market is a non-coercive monopoly, one that is earned.
		This could be accomplished only if the business "delivered the goods" better than any of their competitors, and even if they did, they would only have monopoly status so long as they were the best in their field and they would still be subject to the laws of supply and demand like everyone else.
	www.mtsu.edu /~jaeller/text/cap02apologetics (2325 words)

	Capitalism FAQ: Practice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A coercive monopoly is exclusive control in a field of production, completely exempt from competition and the normal laws of supply and demand.
		This could be accomplished only if the firm "delivered the goods" better than any of their competitors, and even if they did, they would only have monopoly status only so long as they were the best in their field and they would still be subject to competition from other firms in their industry.
		Thus, free market "monopolies" should be applauded as a demonstration of superior business skills on the part of the firm who best serves their customers.
	famguardian.org /Subjects/Politics/Articles/Capitalism/capit-3.htm (3786 words)

	Tibor R. Machan - Revisiting Anarchism and Government
		Or might government be a monopoly of the benign sort that we find in the provisions of all goods and services: even a barber shop has a monopoly, at the exact place where it is located, as does a grocery store, an amusement park, an apartment complex or a gate housing community?
		A monopoly is not coercive if it exists by virtue of overwhelming customer support - for example, Microsoft’s dominance in the software industry is not coercive although it could reach the level of monopoly, namely, being the sole provider of the relevant goods and services.
		It is a monopoly, of course, but not necessarily a coercive one.
	www.libertarian.nl /NL/archives/000039.php (6087 words)

	www.BlackCrayon.com: Essays: Exploitation
		State socialism (e.g., Marxism) was, Tucker argued, the contradictory position that coercive monopolies could only be defeated by the creation of "one vast, enormous, all-inclusive monopoly," (i.e., the State) whereas anarchistic or anti-State socialism was simply the position "that labor should be put in possession of its own."
		The modern libertarian is obliged to recognize the evils of exploitation wherever they result from the coercive monopolies that the libertarian already opposes.
		The contemporary leftist would be wise to study the distinctions between root causes and symptoms, and to battle symptomatic exploitation only through the championing and education of its potential victims, through work toward an increase in the diversity of their options, and through strong opposition to the coercive monopolies at the center of the injustice.
	www.blackcrayon.com /essays/exploitation (2397 words)

	The Nature of Law
		Coercive law in turn may be further subdivided into monocentric and polycentric coercive law.
		Under monocentric coercive law, there is a single institution that claims, and in large part achieves, a coercive monopoly on the use of force to adjudicate claims and secure compliance in a given territorial area.
		The anarchist argues that informal order, voluntary law, and polycentric coercive law are sufficient to maintain social cooperation; the advocate of government argues that monocentric coercive law is needed in addition, and indeed typically maintains that the amount of social order that can be maintained through non-governmental sources alone is quite small.
	libertariannation.org /a/f13l2.html (1030 words)

	Whole Number 82 - October 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The image that best describes the world the Right sees as ultimately resulting from the absence of a coercive monopoly of power is one in which people are fornicating in public places with heroin needles hanging from their arms.
		By virtue of their monopoly status, at the very least they allegedly have the right to put competitors out of business, a right that is denied to other so-called "private" citizens.
		The monopoly also poses grave temptations to the good to become less than good, in short, the alleged solution to the problem of corruption is itself a most potent corrupting influence.
	users.aol.com /vlntryst/wn82.html (4367 words)

	GrimReader: Coercive Monopsony
		A "coercive monoposony" is the situation when there is only one consumer because they are able to force other consumers to remain out of the market.
		That was and remains nonsense since consumers had and have choices for OS and for browsers (whereas Apple was not accused of such things even though they forced consumers to take their hardware along with their OS and browser).
		The example of coercive monopsony, however, is different, since the producer (in that country's market) has no other choice for consumers by law.
	www.zianet.com /ehusman/weblog/2006/02/coercive-monopsony.html (1240 words)

	The U.S. Government's Assault on Microsoft by Glenn Woiceshyn -- Capitalism Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The only way to approach a "monopoly" in a true free market is to offer consumers the best products at the lowest prices, which requires keeping production costs low and quality high.
		Only a coercive monopoly harms people because, effectively, a "gun" -- not ability -- is used to keep competitors out of the market.
		And governments have gone so far as to establish their own coercive monopolies in postal service, transportation, utilities, etc., in the name of "consumer protection." In other words, big is bad except big government.
	capmag.com /article.asp?ID=1 (1118 words)

	ANTITRUST LAWS HARM CONSUMERS AND STIFLE COMPETITION
		The social cure for such “coercive” monopoly is deregulation and repeal of the antitrust laws.
		However, a coercive monopoly cannot be established in a free economy — the necessary precondition of a coercive monopoly is closed entry that can only be achieved by an act of government intervention in the form of special regulations, subsidies, or franchises.
		Government is monopoly; and all it can do is to impose restrictions which may issue in monopoly, when they go so far as to require permission for the individual to engage in production.
	www.quebecoislibre.org /021221-15.htm (2309 words)

	PoliticsForum.org - View topic - Monopolies
		This monopoly was not created by a lack of government controls and regulations, it was created directly because of government controls and regulations.
		Again, it's very important to make the distinction between monopolies that form because of high efficiency, low pricing, and high quality products/services, and monopolies that are "harmful." You did name an example of a natural monopoly, but even that's only a regional monopoly, and not a monopoly in the true sense of the word.
		Yes, they were monopolies created by the state, but the conditions which necessitated those monopolies were no more created by the state than the hills and valleys or the physical properties of water which make it difficult to transport.
	www.politicsforum.org /forum/viewtopic.php?t=7588 (2675 words)

	Whole Number 83 - December 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		And a coercive monopoly might go largely unnoticed if it were limited to making paper clips, that is, the inferior and/or costly paper clips inevitably produced by such a monopoly might not bother us too much.
		Moreover, upon closer examination the seemingly radical proposal to end the geographical monopoly of legal systems is actually a rather short step from the competitive spirit to which we have been, and to some extent still are, accustomed.
		Deprived of the power to tax and the power to coercively impose their services upon consumers, legal systems which must depend upon market-based fees and prepaid insurance would have to be comparatively more responsive to the needs and desires of their consumers than agencies with the right to collect their revenues at gun point.
	user.aol.com /vlntryst/wn83.html (7654 words)

	WEPIN Store
		Coercive laws passed by legislatures (including the U.S. Congress) are considered by most property owners to be legitimate, even though they require universal taxation and other forms of coercion to give benefits to some STATE PROPERTY owners at the expense of everyone else.
		Under today's coercive property law, the recognized owner of land is automatically considered to own the minerals under his property, unless he has sold them to someone else.
		Of course, the term, "monopoly" is not precisely correct where more than one existing company is subsidized by the government's coercive laws and commissions, but the principle is the same.
	www.wepin.com /store/freetech/products/zp01/property.html (15143 words)

	screaming-penguin.com
		Well, there's a much easier and more precise indicator of a monopoly: competition is restricted due to application of force (be it legal or illegal, direct or indirect).
		Monopoly 102: Monopolists do not have to invest in product development nor are affected by market pricing.
		Monopolies are simply categoried by (a) domination in a market with high barrier to entry, (b) vertical and horizontal market expansion based on their original market through anti-competitive techniques -- exclusivity, dumping, bundling.
	www.screaming-penguin.com /main.php?storyid=4511 (2651 words)

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