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Topic: Coevolution

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CoEvolution Quarterly

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	TP: Gene-culture Coevolution
		Gene-culture coevolution in human beings appears to be based on gene-culture transmission, a process of organismic growth and development in which innate learning capacities respond to certain forms or types of cultural information in preference to others, demarcating the central tendencies around which cultural diversity plays.
		But while natural selection figures prominently in gene-culture coevolution, as it does in the more familiar kin selection and reciprocal altruism of animal sociobiology, the outcomes of its effect on social populations can be very different from those expected on the basis of genetic evolution alone.
		Gene-culture coevolution is a causal whirlpool in history, where culture is shaped by biological imperatives and genes shift in response to changing cultural opportunities.
	www.heise.de /tp/r4/artikel/2/2768/1.html (2887 words)

	Coevolution
		First some definitions: coevolution is a change in the genetic composition of one species (or group) in response to a genetic change in another.
		Like the issue of defining an adaptation, we should not invoke coevolution without reasonable evidence that the traits in each species were a result of or evolved from the interaction between the two species.
		The main point is that there are traits in both the ant and the acacia that are traits not normally found in close relatives of each that are not involved in similar mutualisms: mutualistic traits have evolved for the interaction in reciprocal fashion.
	biomed.brown.edu /Courses/BIO48/27.Coevolution.HTML (1469 words)

	Coevolution
		The most dramatic examples of avian coevolution are probably those involving brood parasites, such as cuckoos and cowbirds, and their hosts.
		As one might expect, Brown-headed Cowbirds have their most serious impact on hosts, such as Kirtland's Warblers, that are thought to have only recently been subjected to cowbird attack and have not yet had time to evolve defensive reactions.
		Many examples of coevolution in response to competition between bird species can be inferred from studies of dietary habits and bill structures in various guilds of birds.
	www.stanford.edu /group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Coevolution.html (747 words)

	coevolution
		The term "coevolution" was, in fact, coined with respect to such an interaction (Mode 1958).
		He suggested that much of what appeared to be coevolution was more properly regarded as coadaptation, the acquisition of traits in independent environments that serve as preadaptations in a new environment.
		Janzen then redefined coevolution in a narrow sense as genetic change in a population resulting directly from interactions with another population which, in turn, promote genetic changes in the first generation.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /ib/445/coevolution.html (2888 words)

	Coevolution in Reptiles
		Coevolution is generally defined as a change in the genetic composition of one species in response to a genetic change in another species.
		One mode of coevolution involves coevolutionary arms races between two given species, in which each species involved continuously evolves more efficient means of attack or defense, as a direct result of the interaction with the other species.
		Coevolution of deadly toxins and predator resistance: self-assessment of resistance by garter snakes leads to behavioral rejection of toxic newt prey.
	www.venomousreptiles.org /articles/177 (2599 words)

	Coevolution
		Coevolution that must go on between predators and prey, for example, between the seastars and mussels on the rocky shores of the Pacific Northwest.
		So, over geological time, we see a trend in shells that says the coevolution between drilling snails and clams produces smaller, thinner-shelled clams, just the opposite of what we might have expected before we really began to analyze it.
		So the horses with more enamel and longer teeth survived better, and this coevolution of phytoliths and horse teeth continued for millions of years, drastically altering horse morphology as they continued this "arms race" against the grasses.
	www-geology.ucdavis.edu /~cowen/HistoryofLife/coevolution.html (766 words)

	Coevolution
		The Coevolution Wiki: a list of terms used in coevolution with descriptions, including the opportunity to discuss each term online.
		Papers by Ludo Pagie and Paulien Hogeweg: coevolution and the spatial embedding of eco-evolutionary processes
		The Santa Fe Institute: Coevolution in Evolutionary Optimization.
	www.cs.uu.nl /~dejong/coev/coev.html (156 words)

	GECCO 2005 Coevolution Track
		Coevolution offers the potential to address problems for which no accurate evaluation function is known.
		Coevolution can be an effective approach for problems where performance can be measured using tests, as well as for problems in which multiple components that make up a whole are to be co-adapted.
		The Coevolution Track of the 2005 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO 2005, provides a venue where researchers from all directions and approaches to coevolution can meet.
	www.cs.uu.nl /people/dejong/geccocoev05.html (244 words)

	study in coevolution - Webled.com
		[ in specific coevolution, or coevolution in the narrow sense, in which ]...
		[ coevolution in Reptiles - coevolution is a fascinating concept that ]...
		[ coevolution "coevolution" is based on constructivism paradigm ]...
	www.webled.com /study%20in%20coevolution.htm (413 words)

	Evolution - Coevolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Coupled coevolution is particularly likely to take place between parasites and their hosts.
		If the range of genetic variants in parasite and host is limited, coevolution can be cyclic; but if new mutants continually arise, the parasite and host may undergo unending coupled changes.
		Coevolution in parasites and hosts is antagonistic, unlike the mutualistic coevolution of ants and caterpillars: coevolution can be antagonistic or mutualistic according to the circumstances of the species.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /ridley/tutorials/Coevolution8.asp (197 words)

	Autopoiesis and Coevolution
		Coevolution relates to the two-way interplay between the organism and aspects of its environment and can occur in various forms.
		It is found from simulations that such coevolving systems naturally adjust their parameters to maximise overall group fitness, moving from either static or chaotic regimes to a metastable 'edge-of-chaos' state possessing complex mixes of behaviour with fractal structure on both spatial and temporal scales.
		Whilst the dynamics of all these forms of coevolution have many common systemic characteristics, we can divide them for explanatory purposes into three distinct levels related to the organistic or human needs involved in each.
	www.calresco.org /lucas/auto.htm (2559 words)

	Web Lecture on COEVOLUTION
		So, in the case on the left, the species represented by the left column of arrows is changing every time the species in the right column changes and vice versa because each change in one species necessitates that the other change or allows the other to change to increase or maintain its fitness.
		Although the word is a bit of a cutesie buzzword, coevolution is sometimes called "interliving." This implies that the adaptations of one species somehow depend on or are the result of the adaptations of another.
		To grasp hummingbird-flower coevolution, one must be able to postulate a series of steps in which from an ancestral bird like a swift, a hummingbird resulted.
	www.auburn.edu /~folkegw/evsys/coevlect.html (785 words)

	Coevolution and Pollination
		Coevolution: evolution of two species totally dependent on each other','(co = with, together; evolut = an unrolling)','../../sounds/bio303/coevolution.wav')" onMouseOver="window.status='Evolution of two species totally dependent on each other'; return true">Coevolution is the the mutual evolutionary influence between two species (the evolution of two species totally dependent on each other).
		The fungus attaches the whole lichen to its substrate (tree, rock) and holds in water needed by the alga.
		Coevolution is often seen in a number of species of flowering plants that coevolved with specific pollinators (insects, bats, etc).
	biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio303/coevolution.htm (1359 words)

	Coevolution \| Macmillan Plant Sciences
		It may produce ongoing evolutionary "warfare," in which the participants constantly change their weapons or tools, or it may produce a relationship that benefits both participants.
		Ehrlich and Raven claimed that coevolution may be the major kind of interaction generating the diversity of species on land.
		While many scientists are skeptical of that statement, the evidence of coevolution is all around us, and many fascinating relationships in nature have arisen from it.
	www.bookrags.com /research/coevolution-plsc-02 (436 words)

	BIOL B242 - COEVOLUTION
		The term was invented by Paul Ehrlich and Peter Raven in 1964 in a famous article: "Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution", in which they showed how genera and families of butterflies depended for food on particular phylogenetic groupings of plants.
		For example, sex and recombination may have evolved because of a coevolutionary arms race between organisms and their parasites; the rate of evolution, and the likelihood of producing resistance to infection (in the hosts) and virulence (in the parasites) is enhanced by sex.
		To find evidence for coevolution, we must show that specific poisons or other defenses work against specific insects, or that they become less necessary when the insects are not present.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /~ucbhdjm/courses/b242/Coevol/Coevol.html (2375 words)

	NCEAS Coevolution Biodiversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		These problems are the spatial scale of coevolution, the temporal scale of coevolution, and different forms of multispecific coevolution.
		Coevolution among species is one the major processes that organizes the earth's biodiversity into ecological communities and shapes the differentiation of populations among communities.
		Not all interactions, however, are coevolved, and over the past several decades perceptions on the importance of coevolution as an ecological and evolutionary process have swung wildly back and forth as theoretical and empirical studies have explored the conditions favoring reciprocal change and its ecological consequences.
	www.nceas.ucsb.edu /nceas-web/projects/96THOMP1/proposal.html (2262 words)

	Accurate Evaluation in Coevolution
		Coevolution algorithms are evolutionary computation methods in which the evaluation of individuals is influenced or even determined by other evolving individuals.
		Using order theory, coevolution can be modeled in such a way that the resulting solution concept is a generalization of the Pareto-front concept [Buc03].
		For example, if we know that one candidate solution to a bridge coevolution problem holds the 2000 kg load and another bridge does not, then we don't need to perform any other weight tests to know which of the two designs is the stronger one.
	www.cs.uu.nl /~dejong/coev/acceval.html (2761 words)

	Escape and radiate coevolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Specialization and coevolution are emphasized as the driving forces influencing patterns of speciation between the two major groups of organisms in terrestrial communities- plants and their herbivorous insects.
		This hypothesis was termed "escape and radiate coevolution", and since its introduction, has inspired much of the research on coevolution and specialization in species interactions.
		Kari is collaborating with Jack Sullivan, Paul Joyce, and Roland Fleissner to conduct statistical tests of the evolutionary hypotheses of escape and radiate coevolution.
	web.syr.edu /~ksegrave/Research_EnR.html (283 words)

	WebLSD
		This explains coevolution of binding specificity in families of homologous ligands and their receptors.
		This represents a unique case of molecular coevolution between two homologous genes that functionally interact at the behavioral level.
		The parallel branching pattern suggests a long-term coevolution of derived leaf-cutting attine ants and their fungal symbionts.
	wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp /cgi-bin/lsdproj/ejlookup04.pl?lang=Japanese&dicmode=yourei&query=coevolution (133 words)

	Kevin Kelly -- Chapter 5: Coevolution
		It was called "coevolution," as in "A mathematical model for the co-evolution of obligate parasites and their hosts." Like most biological observations, the notion of coevolution was not new.
		The "co" in coevolution is the mark of the future.
		Paul Ehrlich sees coevolution pushing two competitors into "obligate cooperation." He wrote, "It's against the interests of either predator or prey to eliminate the enemy." That is clearly irrational, yet that is clearly a force that drives nature.
	www.kk.org /outofcontrol/ch5-b.html (1840 words)

	The KLI Theory Lab - keywords - coevolution
		Boucot, A. Evolutionary Paleobiology of Behavior and Coevolution.
		Smith, E.A. On the coevolution of cultural, linguistic, and biological diversity.
		Keywords: coevolution • DIT • ethology evolutionary psychology • human behavioral ecology • pluralism • sociobiology.
	www.kli.ac.at /theorylab/Keyword/C/CoEvo.html (259 words)

	remarkable examples of coevolution - Webled.com
		[ there was a coevolution of the hardware for one and the hardware for ]...
		[ remarkable and complicated examples of coevolution between a plant and ]...
		[ in the coevolution literature, and present a detailed description of ]...
	www.webled.com /remarkable%20examples%20of%20coevolution.htm (304 words)

	generation5 - An Introduction to Coevolution
		Coevolution is a term within the field of genetic algorithms that refers to evolving two or more interdependent sets of data.
		With coevolution, we would have two separately evolving populations: a population of fl players and a population of white players.
		With coevolution in place, the GA managed to find an algorithm that only required 61 comparisions - just one step away from the best so far discovered.
	www.generation5.org /content/2000/coevolution.asp (756 words)

	Citations: Cooperative coevolution of multi-agent systems - Yong, Miikkulainen (ResearchIndex)
		Coevolution can be competitive [7, 13] in which case these roles are adversarial and one component s gain is another s loss.
		Coevolution can also be cooperative [12] as when the various components share tness scores.
		Coevolution can also be cooperative [9] as when the various components share tness scores.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/1874321/442058 (466 words)

	coevolution: criticalessay.com-critical essays, critical term papers, critical research reports
		Gene-culture coevolution refers to the sociobilogists' belief that the development of the gene and the development of modern culture were paralelled in each other.
		On criticalessay.com there are hundreds of free essay abstracts written by your fellow college students on coevolution.
		All of the essay abstracts on coevolution can be instantly downloaded from criticalessay.com.
	www.criticalessay.com /term-papers/1000/coevolution.html (385 words)

	Coevolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This process of reciprocal adaptation is known as coevolution.
		In evolutionary computation, the term ``coevolution'' has been used to describe any iterated adaptation involving ``arms races'', either between learning species or between a learner and its learning environment.
		The present work extends the coevolution paradigm to include the case where the changing environment results from the adaptive behavior of a heterogeneous population of human beings.
	www.cs.brandeis.edu /~pablo/thesis/html/node70.html (133 words)

	CiteULike: The Coevolution of Genes and Genetic Codes: Crick's Frozen Accident Revisited. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Although he argues that coevolution was likely to influence the evolution of the code, he concludes that it falls short of explaining the organization of the code we see today.
		It shows that coevolution readily generates genetic codes that are highly redundant and similar in their error-correcting organization to the standard code.
		We review this recent work and suggest that further affirmation of the role of coevolution can be attained by investigating the extent to which the outcome of coevolution is robust to other influences that were present during the evolution of the code.
	www.citeulike.org /user/dayjm/article/867744 (447 words)

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