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	Cofactor (biochemistry) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A cofactor is any substance that needs to be present in addition to an enzyme to catalyze a certain reaction.
		Loosely bound cofactors typically bind in a similar fashion to enzyme substrates.
		When a cofactor is an organic substance that directly participates as a substrate in the reaction, it is called a coenzyme.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry) (143 words)

	Heparin Cofactor II Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Plasma levels of heparin cofactor II are approximately 50% adult levels at birth and reach adult levels at six months of age.
		Acquired deficiencies of heparin cofactor II are reported in patients with liver disease and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
		Conversely, increased levels of heparin cofactor II may be observed in individuals with renal disorders with proteinuria, during pregnancy, and with oral contraceptive usage.
	www.labcorp.com /datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/nf10005940.htm (764 words)

	cofactor
		Some cofactors are metal ions, such as ions of iron, zinc, or copper, or simple organic molecules.
		When the cofactor consists of a complex molecule, it is known as a prosthetic group.
		Cofactors that are not tightly bound are referred to as coenzymes.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/C/cofactor.html (142 words)

	Shahir Rizk - Nucleoside Moiety of the Molybdopterin Cofactor of Arsenite Oxidase
		Identification of Guanosine as the Nucleoside Moiety of the Molybdopterin Cofactor of Arsenite Oxidase
		To determine which nucleotide is attached to the cofactor in arsenite oxidase, the cofactor was released from the enzyme by heat denaturation in the presence of acid.
		Although the molybdopterin cofactor is colorless in both the bound and unbound forms, the release of the cofactor is assumed to occur concommitantly with the release of the iron-sulfur clusters.
	www.iusb.edu /~journal/2000/rizk.html (2916 words)

	MCP - Membrane cofactor protein precursor
		Membrane cofactor protein (CD46) is a keratinocyte receptor for the M protein of the group A streptococcus.
		Thus, for the classical pathway, MCP is the cofactor for C4b cleavage and factor H for C3b cleavage.
		Human CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) is a type 1 glycoprotein that functions to protect autologous cells from complement-mediated damage by binding C3b and C4b for their factor I-mediated cleavage.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gg/90020.html (5102 words)

	First Patients Dosed with CoFactor(TM) in U.S. Phase II Clinical Trial for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
		CoFactor, a biomodulator of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents, will be evaluated in patients not previously treated or in those who have relapsed from previous 5-FU/leucovorin therapy.
		CoFactor is a form of folic acid which acts by enhancing the anti-tumor effects of 5-FU while reducing side effects compared to current therapies.
		CoFactor was previously studied in Phase II trials in Europe which showed a 100 mg dose of CoFactor given 20 minutes before IV administration of the chemotherapy agent 5-FU was able to improve survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients and showed very low toxicity.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/05-04-2004/0002166566&EDATE= (572 words)

	Cofactor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cofactor (biochemistry) is a substance that needs to be present in addition to an enzyme for a certain reaction to take place.
		Shannon cofactor is a derived function of another function, a notion useful in computer science and mathematics.
		This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cofactor (131 words)

	PlanetMath: cofactor expansion
		implies the following representation of the determinant in terms of cofactors.
		These identities are called, respectively, the cofactor expansion of the determinant along the
		This is version 7 of cofactor expansion, born on 2001-11-22, modified 2002-11-14.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/LaplaceExpansion.html (109 words)

	Endpoints Met In First Stage Of Cofactor Phase II Study In Colorectal Cancer
		CoFactor (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate) is a biomodulator designed for use with 5-FU, a widely used cancer drug.
		CoFactor was designed to deliver the active form of folate, allowing 5-FU to work more effectively to kill cancer cells.
		In previous phase II trials in Europe, CoFactor was administered to cancer patients 20 minutes before intravenous administration of 5-FU and demonstrated clinical benefit in metastatic colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, and breast cancer patients.
	www.cancercompass.com /cancer-news/1,8618,00.htm?rss=y (525 words)

	PTCommunity.com - Daily News Briefing
		CoFactor (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate) is a form of folic acid which acts by enhancing the anti-tumor effects of 5-FU while reducing side effects compared to current therapies.
		Unlike leucovorin, the currently used adjunctive agent that has to be metabolized in the body to be effective, CoFactor bypasses this metabolic step to deliver the correct form of folate to cancer cells, thus allowing 5-FU to work more effectively.
		CoFactor is currently being tested in a Phase II clinical trial in the U.S. and Europe for metastatic colorectal cancer.
	www.formkit.com /Daily/DailyDetail.cfm?chosen=57383 (395 words)

	Faculty
		Our emphasis is the investigation of the structure of the protein, its influence on the chemical and oxidation-reduction and other chemical properties of the bound flavin cofactor, and the role of the cofactor in catalysis and/or electron transfer.
		The flavin cofactor that participates in each of the many redox reactions catalyzed by flavoproteins is essentially the same; however, its properties and chemical reactivity are very different depending on the protein to which it is bound.
		It is obvious that the protein exerts a major influence on the bound cofactor.
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /~biochem/faculty/Swenson.html (1387 words)

	Virus-Specific Cofactor Requirement and Chimeric Hepatitis C Virus/GB Virus B Nonstructural Protein 3 -- Butkiewicz et ...
		The cofactor activity was graded by comparing the enhancement of the protease activity to that of the background (cleavage activity in the absence of NS4A cofactor and scored as follows: +++, 11- to 20-fold; ++, 5- to 10-fold; +, 2.5- to 5-fold; ±, 1.5- to 2-fold; and
		Amino acids critical for cofactor activation of the NS3 protease are shown in boldface, larger type; the minimum GBV-B NS4A cofactor region is also underlined.
		Cofactor regions from various members of the Flaviviridae family are compared.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/74/9/4291 (7270 words)

	Structural alteration of cofactor specificity in Corynebacterium 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase -- Sanli et al. ...
		The hydrogen bonding interactions of the 2' adenosine phosphate group (of the NADPH bound in the wild-type structure) are indicated.
		The orientation of the cofactors is the same as in Figures 1
		in the refinement the density for the NADH cofactor was unambiguous
	www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/13/2/504 (4761 words)

	Vitamins and Coenzymes
		Pyridoxal phosphate functions as a cofactor in enzymes involved in transamination reactions required for the synthesis and catabolism of the amino acids as well as in glycogenolysis as a cofactor for glycogen phosphorylase.
		Biotin is the cofactor required of enzymes that are involved in carboxylation reactions, e.g.
		This modification is a carboxylation and the enzyme responsible requires vitamin K as a cofactor.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/vitamins.html (3900 words)

	2-Chloro-1,4-Dimethoxybenzene as a Novel Catalytic Cofactor for Oxidation of Anisyl Alcohol by Lignin Peroxidase -- ...
		of the cofactor role is that VA prevents the inactivation of the
		The abilities of LiP substrates to act as cofactors in the catalysis of purified LiP were examined.
		The cofactor role of 2Cl-14DMB was examined further by testing a larger range of concentrations and comparing the oxidation
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/64/3/830 (3655 words)

	Activity of the Molybdopterin-Containing Xanthine Dehydrogenase of Rhodobacter capsulatus Can Be Restored by High ...
		The MPT cofactor was converted into form A and analyzed as described in the legend to Fig.
		Effect of molybdate and tungstate on the biosynthesis of CO dehydrogenase and the molybdopterin cytosine-dinucleotide-type of molybdenum cofactor in Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava.
		The molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein MobA from Rhodobacter capsulatus is required for the activity of molybdenum enzymes containing MGD, but not for xanthine dehydrogenase harbouring the MPT cofactor.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/181/19/5930 (5554 words)

	ADP Ribosylation Factor-like Protein 2 (Arl2) Regulates the Interaction of Tubulin-folding Cofactor D with Native ...
		F, An Arl2 variant containing a mutation in the putative effector loop fails to bind cofactor D. HA-tagged wild-type Arl2 and the corresponding mutations T47A and F50A were translated in vitro, incubated with cofactor D, and immunoprecipitated with an anticofactor D antibody, and the immunoprecipitated material resolved by SDS-PAGE.
		S-labeled in the ß-subunit by in vitro translation were incubated with cofactor D in the absence or presence of either GST (as a control) or a 5- or 15-fold molar excess (with respect to cofactor D) of purified Arl2.
		Tian, G., Bhamidipati, A., Cowan, N.J., Lewis, S.A. Tubulin folding cofactors as GTPase activating proteins: GTP hydrolysis and the assembly of the alpha/beta tubulin heterodimer.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/149/5/1087 (6177 words)

	A Biomimetic Cofactor May Lead to Less Expensive Drug Manufacture
		The simpler compound, called a biomimetic because it mimics the more complex molecule, was then used instead of its naturally occurring counterpart in a common catalytic cycle in which an enzyme produces a pharmaceutically important molecule called a chiral compound.
		In this catalytic cycle, the oxidized biomimetic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) cofactor grabs a hydride ion from an organometallic rhodium catalyst.
		After running the reaction, they determined that biocatalysis was successful: the biomimetic 1,4-NADH cofactor offered its hydride ion to the enzyme, and the enzyme easily accepted the hydride ion as if it were interacting with the natural compound.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/EETD-molecular-mimic-Fish.html (1097 words)

	ModE-Dependent Molybdate Regulation of the Molybdenum Cofactor Operon moa in Escherichia coli -- Anderson et al. 182 ...
		In Escherichia coli the mo- loci are responsible for molybdenum transport and the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor, and
		In strains genetically able to synthesize molybdenum cofactor, the effect of tungstate in the growth medium is more complicated.
		The Drosophila molybdenum cofactor gene cinnamon is homologous to three Escherichia coli cofactor proteins and the rat protein gephyrin.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/182/24/7035 (5407 words)

	ADVENTRX Reports Patient Enrollment Progress With CoFactor Phase Iib Trial
		CoFactor is ADVENTRX's biomodulator designed to enhance the effects and reduce associated toxicity of the widely used cancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).
		ADVENTRX is also completing its US-based Phase II CoFactor trial (COFU) in metastatic colorectal cancer and expects to report follow-up study data, including a third-party assessment of efficacy data, from this trial in the first quarter of 2006.
		CoFactor (ANX-510) is a folate-based biomodulator drug developed to enhance the activity and reduce associated toxicity of the widely used cancer chemotherapeutic 5-FU.
	www.freshnews.com /news/biotech-biomedical/article_27298.html (1004 words)

	Diversity of Sites for Measles Virus Binding and for Inactivation of Complement C3b and C4b on Membrane Cofactor ...
		MCP inactivates cell-bound C3b/C4b, acting as a cofactor for plasma protease factor I(3, 4), and protects host cells from complement-mediated cell damage(5, 6, 7).
		Cofactor activity was mostly abrogated by the addition of M177(5), suggesting that the expressed MCP was a major cofactor in these CHO cells (not shown).
		We studied which of the four SCR domains of MCP contribute to the cofactor activity for factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b and C4b, the protection of host cells from complement-mediated cytolysis, and MV binding activity, using deletion mutants.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/25/15148 (5701 words)

	Cofactor dependence and isotype distribution of anticardiolipin antibodies in viral infections -- Guglielmone et al. 60 ...
		Cofactor dependence and isotype distribution of anticardiolipin antibodies in viral infections -- Guglielmone et al.
		Cofactor dependence and isotype distribution of anticardiolipin antibodies in viral infections
		Figure 1 Distribution and cofactor dependence of the cardiolipin antibody isotypes in the population studied.
	ard.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/60/5/500 (3267 words)

	Human protein: O96033 - Molybdenum cofactor synthesis protein 2 small subunit (Molybdopterin- synthase small subunit) ...
		Eukaryotic molybdoenzymes use a unique molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) consisting of a pterin, termed molybdopterin, and the catalytically active metal molybdenum.
		defects in mocs2 are the cause of molybdenum cofactor deficiency type b (mocod type b) [mim:252150].
		Defects in MOCS2 are the cause of molybdenum cofactor deficiency type B (MOCOD type B) [MIM:252150]; an autosomal recessive disease which leads to the pleiotropic loss of all molybdoenzyme activities and is characterized by severe neurological damage, neonatal seizures and early childhood death.
	harvester.embl.de /harvester/O960/O96033.htm (1077 words)

	GaxParaMtxDoub::CoFactor
		A GMtxDoub double matrix instance encapsulating the cofactor matrix of the identified GMtxDoub double matrix instance must be obtained.
		A PString string object to encapsulate the expected weak reference to the obtained cofactor matrix instance must either be identified or a new one must be obtained.
		A weak reference to the GMtxDoub double matrix instance encapsulating the cofactor matrix is obtained and relicated in the identified PString string object.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/price000/pac/htc/gaxparamtxdoub_cofactor.html (311 words)

	Inhibition of Chymotrypsin by Heparin Cofactor II -- Church et al. 82 (19): 6431 -- Proceedings of the National Academy ...
		Human heparin cofactor II is a plasma protein that is known to inhibit thrombin.
		Arginine-modified heparin cofactor II showed a comparable percentage loss of both antichymotrypsin and antithrombin activities.
		The chymotrypsin cleavage site in heparin cofactor II was the same as that for thrombin, and primary structure analysis of the inhibitor showed a P'{}
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/82/19/6431 (426 words)

	Membrane Cofactor Protein: Importance of N- and O-Glycosylation for Complement Regulatory Function -- Liszewski et al. ...
		Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46) is a keratinocyte receptor for the M protein of group A streptococcus.
		Membrane cofactor protein of the complement system: alternative splicing of serine/threonine/proline-rich exons and cytoplasmic tails produces multiple isoforms which correlate with protein phenotype.
		Molecular cloning of a complementary DNA for a membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46)/measles virus receptor on Vero cells and its functional characterization.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/161/7/3711 (5889 words)

	Mutational Analysis of the Gephyrin-Related Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthetic Gene cnxE From the Lower Eukaryote ...
		Mutational Analysis of the Gephyrin-Related Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthetic Gene cnxE From the Lower Eukaryote Aspergillus nidulans -- Heck et al.
		, I. and H., 1995 Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa: biochemical characterisation of pleiotropic molybdoenzyme mutants nit-7, nit-8, nit-9A, B and C. Photochem.
		, 2000 The molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic protein Cnx1 complements molybdate-repairable mutants, transfers molybdenum to the metal binding pterin, and is associated with the cytoskeleton.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/161/2/623 (5129 words)

	GaxParaDimMtx::CoFactor
		Note that, currently, the cofactor matrix is defined only for matricies that can be demonstrated to be two-dimensional, square, and of a size greater than or equal to two.
		The lock context identified by the rLcx argument is nested by means of the GsLockCtxNest mechanism.
		Since the cofactor represents a product of n-1 elements, where n is the size of the matrix, the appropriate power of application modification is to multiply the power of application by n-1.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/price000/psp/htc/gaxparadimmtx_cofactor.html (378 words)

	Human protein: Q5VWS9 - Membrane cofactor protein (CD46, trophoblast-lymphocyte cross-reactive antigen). EMBL ...
		The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein and is a regulatory part of the complement system.
		The encoded protein has cofactor activity for inactivation of complement components C3b and C4b by serum factor I, which protects the host cell from damage by complement.
		mcp possesses cofactor activity for inactivation of c3b and c4b by serum factor i.
	harvester.embl.de /harvester/Q5VW/Q5VWS9.htm (1203 words)

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