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Topic: Cognatic primogeniture

	Talk:Primogeniture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thus, I argue, "cognatic primogeniture" and "cognatic succession" refer to a number of alternative lines of succession, the only confition is that the successor and the predecessor are "blood relatives".
		During that time, up to 1980, the only meaningful meaning of "cognatic primogeniture" in research treating existing monarchies and their successions, was those systems of succession where females were allowed but happened to be surpassed when a male existed in the same series of siblings.
		Regarding the use of "cognatic primogeniture" in other articles I want to point out that its meaning is not precise, but has at least two alternatives (even Ashley Y has conceded that at least in past it was used in another meaning).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Primogeniture (5141 words)

	Primogeniture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Primogeniture is inheritance by the first-born of the entirety of a parent's wealth, estate or office.
		Primogeniture often occurs in regulating royal succession to the throne in a monarchy.
		Cognatic primogeniture is inheritance by the oldest surviving child without regards to gender.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/primogeniture.html (368 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Primogeniture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Primogeniture is the common tradition of inheritance by the first-born of the entirety of a parent's wealth, estate or office; or in the absence of children, by collateral relatives, in order of seniority of the collateral line.
		Agnatic primogeniture or patrilineal primogeniture (a form of male primogeniture) is inheritance by the eldest surviving male child, with females excluded.
		For example, the succession of Duchy of Burgundy in 1361 was resolved in favor of John, son of a younger daughter, on basis of proximity, because he was a closer cousin of the dead duke than Charles, the grandson of the elder daughter.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Primogeniture (1697 words)

	Order of succession (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		(This, cognatic primogeniture, was the rule that let Elizabeth II become Queen.) In 1980, Sweden became the first European monarchy to abolish this preference for males altogether, declaring equal primogeniture or full lineal primogeniture, so that the eldest child of the monarch now ascends to the throne, be that child male or female.
		Primogeniture (or more properly Cognatic Primogeniture) is a mechanism whereby male descendants of the sovereign take precedence over female descendants, with children representing their deceased ancestors, and where the senior line of descent always takes precedence over the junior line, in each gender.
		Equal Primogeniture (or Absolute Primogeniture) is a law in which the eldest child of the sovereign succeeds to the throne, regardless of gender, and where females (and their descendants) enjoy the same right of succession as males.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/O/Order-of-succession.htm (2989 words)

	Encyclopedia: Cognatic primogeniture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Agnatic primogeniture is inheritance by the oldest surviving male child, and if there are none then the oldest surviving female child.
		The first country to adopt full cognatic primogeniture was Sweden in 1980.
		Several other monarchies have since followed, such as Belgium, the Netherlands and Norway (with Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway as second in line to the throne after her father, French royal milieu, the Salic Law (attributed to the Salian Franks) forbade any inheritance of a crown through the female line.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Cognatic-primogeniture (351 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Primogeniture is a system of inheritance where all property is handed down to the first-born son.
		Primogeniture Problem The Problem of Who Would Inherit How to keep things together after the death of the head of the family.
		Primogeniture was the custom of land inheritance whereby the entire estate passes to the eldest son.
	primogeniture.iqexpand.com (680 words)

	biology - Primogeniture
		Primogeniture is inheritance by the first-born of the entirety of a parent's wealth, estate or office, or in the absence of children, by collateral relatives.
		Agnatic primogeniture is inheritance by the oldest surviving male child, and if there are none then by collateral relatives, with female inheritance not permitted.
		Cognatic primogeniture is inheritance by the oldest surviving child without regard to gender, sometimes called lineal primogeniture.
	biologydaily.com /biology/Primogeniture (462 words)

	Primogeniture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Primogeniture is inheritance by the first-born of the entirety of a parent's wealth, estate or office, or in the absence of children, by collateral relatives in order of seniority of the collateral line.
		As a mechanism of succession in hereditary monarchies, some sort of primogeniture has for long been the most used, but it is not the only nor even the probably oldest method.
		In the French monarchy, one of the official explanations for the Salic Law was that the monarch was obliged to use certain sacred instruments, which females are forbidden even to touch.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Primogeniture.htm (1656 words)

	Primogeniture: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Primogeniture is reflected in the seniority distinction...lost, leaving only an institution of primogeniture with leadership dependent on achievement...
		According to the English rule of primogeniture, only the eldest son inherited the land and hence the title...he was a duke.
		Reforming the ancient law of primogeniture means the eldest child, of the sovereign, whatever its gender...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101265901 (1597 words)

	Telegraph \| Arts \| I'm not just a chromosomal faux pas
		Primogeniture, the right of the eldest son to succeed to the estate of his ancestor to the exclusion of all others, means that even if a boy has 10 older sisters, he is the only one who counts when it comes to inheritance.
		Tanis was an elective process whereby the new chieftain was chosen from the ablest of the chiefs of the "septs" (smaller branches) of the main clan.
		Those who support primogeniture say it is unfortunate but imperative to favour a single child, because if you share everything out evenly then the wealth and the land will have dwindled to nothing within a few generations.
	www.portal.telegraph.co.uk /arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2004/01/19/feat19.xml&pos=portal_puff1&_requestid=7441 (1480 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Order of succession (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Though Princess Y is the current king's eldest daughter, her cousin, Princess X, is more senior, and thus the latter would become Queen X. In practice, on occasions when there exists no male heir in a semi-Salic system, the female heir is sometimes determined more "pragmatically", by proximity of blood to the current monarch.
		Primogeniture (or more properly Male Primogeniture) is a mechanism whereby male descendants of the sovereign take precedence over female descendants, with children representing their deceased ancestors, and where the senior line of descent always takes precedence over the junior line, in each gender.
		Cognatic Primogeniture (or Absolute Primogeniture) is a law in which the eldest child of the sovereign succeeds to the throne, regardless of gender, and where females (and their descendants) enjoy the same right of succession as males.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Order_of_succession (1286 words)

	Discourse.net: Against Primogeniture
		I’m not just a chromosomal faux pas (may require registration): The second daughter of the Thane of Cawdor argues that it’s time to abolish male-only primogeniture so that her older sister inherits the title instead of her younger brother.
		Primogeniture harks back to a time when rape charges were reduced if a victim was pretty and when wives were chattels.
		If there is a change from primogeniture to ultimogeniture or cognatic primogeniture - when the first born inherits, regardless of sex - then there is nothing to stop a husband either changing his name to his wife’s, or their children bearing her name rather than his.
	www.discourse.net /archives/2004/01/against_primogeniture.html (606 words)

	Monarch - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Thus, the most common hereditary system in feudal Europe was based on cognatic primogeniture, where a lord was succeeded by his eldest son, and failing sons, by either daughters or by sons of daughters.
		Great Britain and Spain are today continuing this old model of succession law, in form of cognatic primogeniture.
		In 1980, Sweden became the first European monarchy to abolish this preference for males altogether, declaring equal primogeniture or full cognatic primogeniture, so that the eldest child of the monarch now ascends to the throne, be that child male or female.
	encyclopedia.maksiu.info /wiki/Monarch (2357 words)

	Monarch - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In hereditary monarchies, there is a formalized system used to determine succession to the throne, also known as the order of succession.
		Traditionally, agnatic primogeniture, succession going to the eldest son of the monarch, has been most common; if the monarch had no sons, the throne would pass to the nearest male relative.
		(This, cognatic primogeniture, was the rule that let Elizabeth II become Queen.) In 1980, Sweden became the first European monarchy to abolish this preference for males altogether, declaring equal primogeniture or full cognatic primogeniture, so that the eldest child of the monarch now ascends to the throne, be that child male or female.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Monarch (1498 words)

	Articles - Agnatic seniority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Primogeniture is the practical opposite of agnatic seniority, as younger brothers are excluded in favor of the first-born son and his heirs.
		According to research by the historian Taddesse Tamrat, the order of succession during the Zagwe dynasty was that of brother succeeding brother as King of Ethiopia (i.e, agnatic seniority), which apparently was based on Agaw laws of inheritance.
		However, the principle of agnatic primogeniture later became dominant, although succession to the throne at the death of the monarch could be claimed by any male blood relative of the Emperor - sons, brothers, uncles or cousins.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Agnatic (1213 words)

	Ruling Queens of Númenor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The first European nation to adopt full cognatic primogeniture (Sweden) did not do so until 1980.
		To prevent the throne from passing to his nephew, Soronto, he changed the law to allow full cognatic primogeniture, under which rule would pass to the oldest child of the ruler, whether male or female.
		At that point, cognatic primogeniture seems to have been abandoned; none of the rulers of Arnor or Gondor were women, and in the case of Anárion's children the youngest child Meneldil received the throne, as his older siblings were women.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/uml-tools.html (914 words)

	Constitution of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Accordingly the current 1810 Act of Succession (Swedish: Successionsordningen, SO) is a treaty between the old Riksdag of the Estates and the House of Bernadotte regulating the right to accede to the Swedish throne.
		In 1980 the old principle of "agnatic primogeniture", which meant that the throne was inherited by the eldest male child of the preceding monarch, was replaced by the principle of full "cognatic primogeniture." This meant that the throne will be inherited by the eldest child without regard to sex.
		Thereby Princess Victoria, the eldest child of King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden, was created heiress apparent to the Swedish throne over her younger brother, Prince Carl Philip.
	uncover.us /en/wikipedia/c/co/constitution_of_sweden.html (909 words)

	Articles - Salic law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		As actually interpreted by the Salian Franks, the law simply prohibited women from inheriting, not all property (such as movables), but ancestral "Salic land", and under Chilperic I sometime around the year 570, the law was actually amended to permit inheritance of land by a daughter if a man had no surviving sons.
		From Middle Ages, we have one practical system of succession in cognatic male primogeniture, which actually fulfills apparent stipulations of original Salic Law: succession is allowed also through female line, just females themselves do not inherit, but the sons of females do.
		Cognatic succession may give some preference to males (as happens in succession of Spain and Britain), or some preference to females, or it may be totally and absolutely neutral regarding gender, as happens for example in primogeniture.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Salic_Law (2333 words)

	Monarch -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Great Britain and Spain are today continuing this old model of succession law, in form of (additional info and facts about cognatic primogeniture) cognatic primogeniture.
		(This, cognatic primogeniture, was the rule that let (Daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)) Elizabeth II become Queen.)
		In 1980, (A Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula) Sweden became the first European monarchy to abolish this preference for males altogether, declaring equal primogeniture or full cognatic primogeniture, so that the eldest child of the monarch now ascends to the throne, be that child male or female.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/monarch.htm (5540 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Crusader Queens and Succession Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I feel only full cognatic is appropraite as the game encourages an alternate reality and timeline resulting in non-historical outcomes in the setting of the middle-ages.
		I proposed allowing cognatic a player option not available to the AI only because some feared their traditional gameplay would be too adversly effected by this change.
		But that is historically accurate; Elizabeth I's death was seen as the end of the Tudor dynasty, and Isabella's meant the fusion of her kingdom (Castile and Leon) with her husband's (Aragon) forever.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=185916&page=3 (5168 words)

	Laws Of Success (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The contents of this (in my opinion, sadly deficient) article are talking only about succession by some sort of primogeniture in a hereditary succession.
		Magnus had to promise to obey the pope, while church law was recognised on equal level with secular laws.
		If the oldest son was not fit to be king, a council of 60 peasant representatives should select another of the legitimate royal sons.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/113/laws-of-success.html (1194 words)

	luxhistory2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Luxembourg was inherited in accordance to the Nassau Family Pact which was based firstly upon Salic Law in favor of all agnatic lines of the medievally-originated House of Nassau, and apparently was interptetable to allow female succession only in Semi-Salic basis if all agnatic lines become extinct.
		However, The Netherlands changed its succession law into cognatic primogeniture during King William III of the Netherlands when it had become apparent that he would leave no permanent agnatic issue.
		Specifically, partition occurred when the daughter of William III became Queen of the Netherlands, while a woman was not allowed to succeed to the throne of Luxembourg, giving way to a more distant relative.
	www.bissenfamily.net /luxhistory2.htm (362 words)

	Princess Power On The Rise - Royal Blue Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The little princess is a member of an elite but growing group of girls destined to wear crowns in their own right.
		It's due to an increasing trend among European monarchies to adopt absolute, or cognatic, primogeniture — meaning the ruler's eldest child, whether boy or girl, inherits the crown.
		Sweden became the first European kingdom to adopt cognatic primogeniture.
	forums.rbhq.net /showthread.php?t=2995 (1075 words)

	alt.talk.royalty FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Cognatic (Absolute) Primogeniture (see note) in effect since 1990 and beginning with descendants of Crown Prince Haakon (b.
		The husband of a duquesa or vizcondesa is a duque or vizconde.
		Next in rank is Count, which in modern times could be given primogeniture (inherited only by the eldest son), but was usually given to all the children of the new count.
	www.heraldica.org /faqs/atrfaq.htm (13920 words)

	Tar-Meneldur biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		He succeeded his father, Tar-Elendil because the rules of succession did not allow women to rule, promoting the principle of agnatic primogeniture.
		Had the principle of full cognatic primogeniture been followed instead, control of the throne would pass to Silmariën.
		Ailinel, daughter -- she would become the mother of Soronto.
	www.biography.ms /Tar-Meneldur.html (354 words)

	Danish laws should be changed - Royal Blue Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		They have made great experiences with their current queen and other countries have changed the succession law in favour of the first born, no matter if male or female, long ago.
		I don´t know, how the withdrawn succession rights affected prince Carl Philip of Sweden or his elder sister, or how it affected crown prince Haakon and princess Märtha Louise, that the cognatic primogeniture was chosen only for the next generations, but I guess a very sensitive person could suffer from such a decision.
		I could have sworn, that I have read several times in the past years, that the law was changed for the next generation...so if prince William would get a daughter as first born, then she would become queen.
	forums.rbhq.net /showthread.php?t=4041 (2277 words)

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