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Topic: Cognitive architecture

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	Cognitive architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A cognitive architecture is a blueprint for intelligent agents.
		The architecture often tries to reproduce the behavior of the modelled system (human), in a way that timely behavior (reaction times) of the architecture and modelled cognitive systems can be compared in detail.
		A further distinction is whether the architecture is centralized with a neural correlate of a processor at its core, or decentralized (distributed).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cognitive_architecture (576 words)

	Developing Cognitive Architecture (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Cognitive architectures can be assessed in terms of their ability to support the construction of models and simulations of cognition and error.
		An architectural style or tradition one can see as existing as an abstraction from, or the common elements of, a potentially large set of actual or possible houses, and in the same way one could see a cognitive architecture as being an abstraction from many actual or possible cognitive models.
		The cognitive architecture must be fully specified, and the particulars of the domain must be captured and represented in a form which is usable by the cognitive mechanisms to give a simulation of cognitive performance in the selected task area.
	www.simongrant.org.cob-web.org:8888 /pubs/val/text.html (8554 words)

	Cognitive Modeling and Eye Tracking
		This research underway in the Cognitive Modeling and Eye Tracking Lab at the University of Oregon explores how cognitive psychology, the measurement of eye movements, and computer programming can be integrated to build and refine psychological theory, predict aspects of human performance, and contribute to the design and analysis of useful and usable computer systems.
		A cognitive architecture is a set of reusable computer functions, methods, and data structures that accurately represent the fundamental capabilities and limitations of human performance.
		For example, the architecture would represent that the eyes can move on command, and that visual details can only be perceived when at the center of the gaze; and a model might be constructed to move the eyes to a clock in order to get the current time.
	www.cs.uoregon.edu /research/cm-hci/detailed_discussion.html (2666 words)

	Product Information: Underlying Theory
		As a result, it has retained an open architecture which allows different component-level theories (e.g., of vision, audition, grasp/reach, memory decay, and so on) to be built and inserted into specific applications as needed and desired by the end-user.
		Unlike other architectures which are tied to fixed cognitive cycle time (typically a small fraction of a second), the iGEN cognitive engine allows the cognitive agent builder to select a level of detail that is appropriate for the application at hand.
		cognitive agent to be highly responsive to changing situations, to be able to interrupt itself when necessary, and to prioritize among many competing demands on the basis of the current context.
	www.cognitiveagent.com /product_info_theory.htm (1007 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5
		In practice, the research strategy of cognitive simulation involves instantiating a theoretical account of a psychological domain (e.g., learning, memory, categorization, perception, or reasoning) as a process model formulated in the vocabulary of connectionism or symbol manipulation.
		To be clear, at the heart of connectionism are a set of claims about cognitive architecture in which information processing is not considered to be the computer-like application of rules and manipulation of symbols.
		The core of Marcus' book is his probing discussion of the hypotheses comprising the algebraic view of cognitive architecture and of how a representative class of connectionist models known as multi-layer perceptrons stand up to them.
	www.cognitivesciencesociety.org /newsletter/March02/marcrev.html (1600 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The structure of human cognitive architecture, while not known precisely, is discernible through the results of experimental research.
		Cognitive load theory is concerned with techniques for reducing working memory load in order to facilitate the changes in long term memory associated with schema acquisition.
		Cognitive load theory has many implications in the design of learning materials which must, if they are to be effective, keep cognitive load of learners at a minimum during the learning process.
	tip.psychology.org /sweller.html (623 words)

	Untitled Document
		At the highest level, the architecture is arranged as a matrix of agents: Vertically the architecture divides into a tower of reflection including the reactive, deliberative, reflective, self-reflective, and self-conscious levels; Horizontally the architecture divides along 'mental realms' including the temporal, spatial, physical, bodily, social, and psychological realms.
		Our architecture is designed to support a vast diversity of agents, numbering at least in the millions, each roughly on the scale of a small unit of knowledge or subroutine of a computer program.
		In contrast, most architectural designs in recent years have focused mainly on ways to react or deliberate—with no special ability to reflect upon their own behavior or to improve the way they think about things.
	web.media.mit.edu /~push/CognitiveDiversity.html (5728 words)

	Cognitive model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In cognitive science, a cognitive model is a model of cognitive processes.
		Cognitive modelling in the latter sense can be understood as reverse engineering some aspects of human cognition by means of artificial intelligence and machine learning in order to better understand these aspects.
		In contrast to a cognitive architecture, a model does not necessarily have an explanation to all aspects of cognition (cf.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cognitive_model (227 words)

	ACT-R: Theory and Architecture of Cognition
		ACT-R is a cognitive architecture: a theory for simulating and understanding human cognition.
		Allen Newell describes cognitive architectures as the way to answer one of the ultimate scientific questions.
		Wayne Wickelgren was a pioneer in cognitive science and a source of some of the ideas current in ACT-R. web site with his publications is now available.
	act-r.psy.cmu.edu (118 words)

	Simon Grant's research in cognitive architecture
		The mainspring of this work was the recognition that simulation of cognitive (and other mental) processes is held up by the limitations of the architecture in which they are built.
		For a full explanation of the term 'cognitive architecture' and a broad review of the 1995 position of research in this area, please see my paper "Developing cognitive architecture for modelling and simulation of cognition and error in complex tasks".
		The most extensive published statement of the architecture principles is given in a paper for the ECCE-8 conference.
	www.simongrant.org /research/cogarch.html (140 words)

	Developing Cognitive Architecture
		An architecture can be specified at different levels of detail, e.g.
		Anderson (1993) is one of the foremost current exponents of cognitive architecture.
		It is this level of cognitive architecture that is particularly of concern in this paper.
	www.simongrant.org /pubs/val/text.html (8554 words)

	Robocore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This is my first provisional attempt to produce an overall brain architecture for robotics use, based very loosely around ideas gleaned from the books of Gerald Edelman and other neuroscience articles (see references).
		The problem of designing an architecture capable of guiding an agent as a whole remains a largely unaddressed issue in AI, with odd exceptions such as Aaron Sloman.
		In 2002 a "grand challenge" computing research project was proposed, one aspect of which was to design a brain architecture for a robot.
	www.fuzzgun.btinternet.co.uk /robocore/index.htm (4768 words)

	Cognitive/Agent Architecture: Title Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Twelve architectures have been used for this preliminary analysis representing a wide range of current architectures in artificial intelligence (AI).
		The aim of the project is to facilitate both an understanding of current architectures and provide insight to the development of future, improved intelligent agent architectures.
		This work was based on publications from 1992 and before and has not been authorized by the researchers responsible for particular architectures (see DISCLAIMER for additional information).
	ai.eecs.umich.edu /cogarch0 (142 words)

	Soar (cognitive architecture) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is both a view of what cognition is and an implementation of that view through a computer programming architecture for Artificial Intelligence (AI).
		Also underlying the Soar architecture is the view that a symbolic system is necessary and sufficient for general intelligence (see brief comment on neats versus scruffies).
		ACT-R is another cognitive architecture by John R. Anderson that operates on similar principles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soar_(cognitive_architecture) (634 words)

	CognitiveModelingForUIDesign
		The important features of cognitive architectures that can be applied to evaluation, and specific properties of important current architectures.
		Abstract: Cognitive science research, much of it supported by the Office of Naval Research, is bringing about a scientific revolution in our understanding of the human operator.
		It is yielding computational theories of human cognition and perceptual/motor activity that provide precise quantitative predictions of important variables such as the times required to complete tasks or to learn them in training.
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /~bej/CognitiveModelingForUIDesign/index.htm (746 words)

	Philosophy Research Papers on Cognitive Architecture - Eric Lormand
		My work on cognitive architecture is about the hypothesis that human cognitive processes employ a language of thought (LOT)--a system of mental representation which supports syntactically complex mental symbols, physically realized in brains.
		Argues that nonclassical connectionist models are unlikely to succeed as general accounts of cognition, but that they have promise as part of an account of the (alleged) inferential processes guiding skillful activity, which are unconscious, rapid, and holistically sensitive to a vast range of potentially relevant conditions.
		Another issue about cognitive architecture and inferential holism that relates directly to content is the distinction (if any) between perception and cognition.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~lormand/phil/cogsci (568 words)

	The Nature of the Cognitive Architecture « CodeRyder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In computers there is a memory hierarchy ranging from registers, to primary memory, to secondary memory (disk) and to the tertiary memory (magnetic tapes). This hierarchy is characterised by time constants and memory capacity, in inverse relation the slower the memory the more of it is available.
		The faster memory is an integral part of the operational dynamics of the system and is to be considered in conjunction with it. The larger capacity and long-term memory satisfies the requirement for the large amount of memory needed for human cognition.
		Memory is composed of structures, called symbol structures because they contain symbol tokens. In computers all of the memories hold the same kind of structures, namely, vectors of bits, bytes and words, although occasionally larger multiples of such units, blocks and records, occur.
	shafraz.wordpress.com /2006/08/01/the-nature-of-the-cognitive-architecture (701 words)

	CiteULike: Cognitive Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Introduction Integrating theory, data, and knowledge about cognitive psychology and human performance in a way that is useful for guiding design in HCI is still not a simple matter.
		The chapter will first consider the what it is to be cognitive architecture and why cognitive architecture is...
		One of the key advances is the development of cognitive architecture, the subject of this chapter.
	www.citeulike.org /article/86736 (224 words)

	Symposium on Advances in Cognitive Architectures
		The specification of a cognitive architecture consists of its representational assumptions, the characteristics of its memories, and the processes that operate on those memories.
		Research on cognitive architectures is important because it supports a central goal of artificial intelligence and cognitive science: the creation and understanding of synthetic agents that support the same capabilities as humans.
		A secondary theme will explore issues of scalability in cognitive architectures, which arise as we apply them to complex real-world problems, and modularity in such architectures, as we attempt to combine the best ideas from different theoretical frameworks.
	www.isle.org /symposia/cogarch (489 words)

	Connectionism and Cognitive Architecture: A Critical Analysis - Fodor (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Abstract: This paper explores the difference between Connectionist proposals for cognitive architecture and the sorts of models that have traditionally been assumed in cognitive science.
		We claim that the major distinction is that, while both Connectionist and Classical architectures postulate representational mental states, the latter but not the former are committed to a symbol-level of representation, or to a `language of thought': i.e., to representational states that have combinatorial...
		1 The emergence of cognitive phenomena from sub-symbolic proes..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /fodor88connectionism.html (898 words)

	The EPIC Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		While modeling approaches have been advocated for many years, recent advances in cognitive science have made it possible to construct models quickly and effectively, and research has validated the predictions of a variety of such models.
		The specific goal is to develop and validate a cognitive modeling architecture, called EPIC (Executive-Process/Interactive Control) for human information processing that accurately accounts for the detailed timing of human perceptual, cognitive, and motor activity.
		Our goal in the EPIC architecture development is to abstract these limitations and abilities from the substantial research literature in human performance, and then realize them in the form of computational modules that represent the known properties of human information processing.
	www.eecs.umich.edu /~kieras/epic.html (1777 words)

	Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science: FOUNDATIONS and COGNITIVE ARCHITECTURE
		This includes the nature of the underlying (computational) mechanisms of cognition, as well as the way in which these mechanisms encode information and the way that both the information and the mechanisms may change over time through learning or development.
		These writers have argued, among other things, that the representational systems provided by the architecture must meet certain general but powerful constraints which exclude, for example, "prototypes" or analogs, or "pictorial" pics, or any other noncompositional representational system, from being by itself adequate to the task.
		For example, Stevenson and Grimshaw are investigating the architectural requirements of a model of human parsing based on principles developed from Prince et al's Optimality Theory.
	ruccs.rutgers.edu /researchcog.html (588 words)

	DUAL Cognitive Architecture
		DUAL is a general-purpose cognitive architecture that comprises a unified description of mental representation, memory structures, and processing mechanisms.
		The author of DUAL is Boicho Kokinov and it is being developed at the Central and Eastern European Center for Cognitive Science at New Bulgarian University.
		A major architectural principle of DUAL is that larger structures emerge from the interaction of smaller ones.
	www.nbu.bg /cogs/personal/kokinov/dual_i.html (2962 words)

	Seminar: Companions: A cognitive architecture based on analogical processing \| News \| Computer Science \| UIUC
		One way we are testing this hypothesis is by creating a new cognitive architecture, Companion Cognitive Systems, which uses our cognitive simulations of analogical matching, retrieval, and generalization centrally.
		The features of the next generation of the architecture, which is being brought on-line now, will be discussed, along with work underway to learn how to play strategy games and to solve physics problems.
		He is an Associate Editor of Cognitive Science and serves on the editorial boards of Artificial Intelligence and AAAI Press, and the Advisory Board of the Journal of Game Development.
	www.cs.uiuc.edu /news/seminars.php?id=2006Feb24-3 (284 words)

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