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Topic: Cognomen

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	Cognomen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The cognomen ("name known by" in English) was originally the third name of a Roman in the Roman naming convention.
		Because of the limited nature of Roman names, the cognomen developed to distinguish branches of the family from one another, and occasionally, to highlight an individual's achievement, typically in warfare.
		In contrast to the honorary cognomen adopted by successful generals, most cognomen were based on a physical or personality quirk; for example, 'Rufus' meaning red-headed or 'Scaevola' meaning left-handed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cognomen (181 words)

	Roman naming convention - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The third name, or cognomen, began as a nickname or personal name that distinguished individuals within the same Gens (the cognomen does not appear in official documents until around 100 BC).
		During the Roman Republic and Empire, the cognomen is inherited from father to son, serving to distinguish a family within a Gens.
		Often the cognomen was chosen based on some physical or personality trait, sometimes with ironic intent: Julius Caesar's cognomen meant hairy, while he was balding, and Tacitus's cognomen meant silent, while he was a well-known orator.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roman_naming_convention (1187 words)

	Cognomen - Wikipedia
		De cognomen is een onderdeel van de traditionele Romeinse naam, zoals vastgelegd in de richtlijnen op het gebied van namen in het oude Rome.
		De cognomen was van oudsher de derde naam van een Romein, die verwees naar een karaktertrek.
		Een speciale cognomen, de agnomen, was de vierde naam en had betrekking op iets wat de drager in zijn leven had gedaan (zoals Macedonicus).
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cognomen (107 words)

	nomen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When applying for citizenship, only the praenomen, nomen, and cognomen are mandatory, while additional elements such as agnomen and filiation are optional.
		The third name, or cognomen, started to be a nickname or personal name that distinguished individuals within the same Gens (the cognomen does not appear in official documents until around 100 BC).
		This feminized cognomen was often made a diminutive (e.g., Augustus's wife Livia Drusilla was the daughter of a M. Livius Drusus).
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Nomen.html (1137 words)

	Britannia EBK Articles: What's in a Name?
		The cognomen Ambrosius was a family name that was also given to his son, St. Ambrosius.
		Aurelianus is also a cognomen that would be used to distinguish between Ambrosii in the same family.
		Aurelius can also be used as a cognomen, but it is also a nomen used by old patrician families of the senatorial class.
	www.britannia.com /history/ebk/articles/wotname.html (554 words)

	Roman Names (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		More commonly, the cognomen was the name of a certain family in the more general clan.
		The origin of cognomens as nicknames is reflected in the fact that they do not appear in official documents until around 100 BC.
		Among the nobility, a distinction could even be made in families, a second cognomen being added which his descendants would bear, thus establishing a sub-family within a family.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /rome-names.htm (1577 words)

	Encyclopedia: Cognomen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Because of the limited nature of Roman names, the cognomen developed to distinguish branches of the family from one another, and occasionally, to highlight an individual's acheivement, typically in warfare.
		Today, we refer to many prominent ancient Romans by only their cognomen; for example, 'Cicero' serves as a shorthand for Marcus Tullius Cicero.
		Marcus Tullius Cicero (January 3, 106 BC â€“ December 7, 43 BC) was an orator and statesman of Ancient Rome, and is generally considered the greatest Latin prose stylist.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/cognomen (438 words)

	Convenzione dei nomi romani - Wikipedia
		Talvolta si aggiungeva un secondo cognomen chiamato agnomen.
		Il terzo nome, o cognomen, comparve all'inizio come soprannome o nome personale che distingueva un individuo all'interno della Gens (il cognomen non compare in documenti ufficiali fino a circa il 100 AC).
		Durante la Repubblica e l'Impero, il cognomen si trasmetteva dal padre al figlio, distinguendo di fatto la famiglia nucleare all'interno della Gens.
	it.wikipedia.org /wiki/Convenzione_dei_nomi_romani (1074 words)

	Roman Naming Conventions in the Late Roman Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The cognomen was the family name or branch of the tribe (aka gens).
		By the end of the Republic, however, there was a trend toward women having two names: the first the female form of her father’s nomen and the second her cognomen, which would be the feminine form of the family cognomen (e.g., Caecilia Metella for the daughter of L. Caecilius Metellus).
		Roman soldiers who were citizens already might get a cognomen for the first time or might even exchange their old cognomen for a new one.
	home.comcast.net /~rthamper/html/body_romannaming.htm (1581 words)

	Directory of Names
		The cognomen is generally derived from a deed the person has done, a habit he possesses, some characteristic of the person, or even where they are from.
		In general, the cognomen is based on a physical characteristic, a place of origin, or a profession.
		In addition to their casual use of cognomens, Ostrali also do not differentiate between male and female names; thus, Chen Rockskipper may be either the mother or father of Narser the Brown (who may in turn be either the son or daughter of Chen).
	www.angelfire.com /rpg/taranche/names (2297 words)

	Encyclopedia: Roman naming convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city but now usually a state), and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen.
		Africanus is a cognomen of ancient Rome associated with the gens Scipio, especially Scipio Major and his grandson (by adoption) Scipio Minor, who were major players in the Punic Wars against Carthage.
		Caecilia Metella is the name of all women in the Caecilii Metellii family, since feminine names were the their fathers gens and cognomen declined in the female form.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Roman-naming-convention (3770 words)

	Roman Names
		The cognomen was what set you apart from all those close relatives that shared your Praenomen and Nomen.
		Many cognomen sounded quite similar with only one or maybe two different letters in the spelling to differentiate them (Aquila - Aquilius - Aquillius, or Crispian - Crispin - Crispus.) This is not unlike our modern names that can also sound the same, but with minor spelling differences to indicate different families.
		Some known Female cognomens are rather interesting in what they said about their bearers.
	www.geocities.com /legioxf/Name.htm (1150 words)

	Nomina Romana
		The first name is called the praenomen, the name of the clan is called the nomen, and the family nickname is called the cognomen.
		We do not know why the cognomen but we do know that his opponents did not refrain from using his name for ridicule so as to try to lessen the impact his oratorical skills had on listeners.
		The cognomen could be an honorific, designating an achievement by one man which all his descendents would proudly (usually) carry.
	www.dl.ket.org /latin2/mores/education/nomina.htm (459 words)

	Vindolanda Tablets Online \| Reference \| Names
		The cognomen might be a nickname, or a name with local or regional connections, for example a tribal name.
		The nomen of Flavius Cerialis is that of the Flavian dynasty, implying that Roman citizenship was acquired by Cerialis or a forebear after AD 70, when the rule of the first Flavian emperor, Vespasian, began.
		The cognomen, Cerialis, is the same as that of Petillius Cerialis, the Roman general who ended the Batavian revolt in AD 69/70 and who governed Britain in the early 70s, recommencing the conquest of the north.
	vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk /reference/names.shtml (749 words)

	The Roman Father; roman history, roman civilization
		Thus, Romans developed the cognomen, which is the third word in an appellation.
		Scaevola, means "lefty." That cognomen was awarded when a member of the Mucian clan offered to burn his right hand off and then fight Roman enemies with his left.
		The cognomen "Rufus" means "red head and "Brutus" meant "dummy." Like "chickpea" they were cognomines that clearly had strongly evocative associations when first used, but lost this aspect over the centuries.
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/pater.htm (1428 words)

	Cognomen
		Date "cognomen" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1602.
		"Cognomen" is generally used as a noun (plural) -- approximately 100.00% of the time.
		"Cognomen" is used about 2 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /co/cognomen.html (710 words)

	Cognomen - Wikipedia
		Das Cognomen (lateinisch: "Beiname"; Plural: Cognomina) war der dritte Namensbestandteil der regulären römischen Namengebung (tria nomina).
		Freigelassene Sklaven führten in der Regel ihren bisherigen (einzigen) Namen als Cognomen, während sie Prae- und Gentilnomen von ihrem früheren Herrn übernahmen.
		Vom Cognomen zu unterscheiden ist das Agnomen, ein zusätzlicher Beiname, der eine auffällige Eigenschaft einer Person kennzeichnete oder nach (militärischen) Erfolgen verliehen wurde (Africanus, Germanicus).
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cognomen (138 words)

	AUE: FAQ excerpt: "Caesarean section" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Merriam-Webster Editorial Department (on its AOL message board, in response to a query from me) writes: "The name 'Caesar' is a cognomen, a nickname given to one member of a Roman clan and borne by his descendants as a kind of surname.
		No one knows who the original Caesar was, but his descendants within his clan, the Julii, continued to use his cognomen and formed a major branch of the clan.
		This etymology is dubious, but the name 'Caesar' has continued to be associated with surgery to remove a child that cannot be delivered naturally.
	alt-usage-english.org /excerpts/fxcaesar.html (299 words)

	NOVA ROMA ::: VIA ROMANA ::: Roman Names
		Since it was common for members of the same family to share identical names, the cognomen was often used to distinguish individuals: Gnaeus Cornelius Varro would be distinguished from his relative Gnaeus Cornelius Longinus by calling him Varro, by his cognomen, and his relation Longinus.
		The cognomen is a nickname which is often based on a physical characteristic or personality trait.
		The primary source of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen were taken from the names of consuls who served the Roman Republic between 300 BCE through to 28 BCE.
	www.novaroma.org /via_romana/names2.html (463 words)

	Behind the Name: History Names
		From the Roman cognomen Domitianus, derived from the family name Domitius, which was derived from Latin domitus meaning "having been tamed"...
		From the Roman cognomen Martialis, which was derived from the name of the Roman god MARS...
		From the Roman cognomen Valerianus, which was itself derived from the Roman name VALERIUS...
	wwwame.behindthename.com /nmc/hist.php (522 words)

	David R Sear: Glossary Of Frequently Encountered Terms In Roman Coin Descriptions
		Cognomen one of the three principal elements of a Roman name (praenomen, nomen, cognomen) it indicated the family name of the individual (e.g.
		Usually acquired by an ancestor as a nickname indicating a personal characteristic the cognomen was afterwards inherited, thus becoming a family designation.
		The pileus was also symbolic of freedom, as it was given to former slaves who had been granted their freedom, hence its use as a symbol of Libertas.
	www.davidrsear.com /academy/roman_glossary.html (3646 words)

	cognomen : Definition from the Online Dictionary at Datasegment.com
		Appellation, although sometimes put for name simply, denotes, more properly, a descriptive term (called also agnomen or cognomen), used by way of marking some individual peculiarity or characteristic; as, Charles the Bold, Philip the Stammerer.
		The praenomen among the Romans distinguished the person, the nomen, the gens, or all the kindred descended from a remote common stock through males, while the cognomen denoted the particular family.
		Thus, in the designation Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Publius is the proenomen, Cornelius is the nomen, Scipio the cognomen, and Africanus the agnomen.
	onlinedictionary.datasegment.com /word/cognomen (616 words)

	Names (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If the gens was a particularly large one, different branches tended to use an inherited cognomen for identification so their family members might require additional cognomina to identify them.
		Originally women used the name of the gens preceded by a cognomen They rarely had a praenomen even if they were citizens, just using their nomen and filiation.
		Later forms included feminine versions of the father's nomen and cognomen, or the father's nomen followed by that of the mother.
	www.gaminggeeks.org /Resources/KateMonk/Ancient-World/Rome/Names.htm (454 words)

	The Naming of Magi
		To a Roman, the cognomen was a nickname, used to distinguish between members of the same family who had the same praenomen.
		Most magi use their nomen and cognomen when introducing themselves - for example, the name I most commonly use is "Alexander Scriptor", the cognomen, meaning "writer" indicating my fondness for books.
		Magi Ex Miscellanea often use the cognomen to indicate their lineage within their House, and this practice is by no means limited to them - I know several Flambeau who use the cognomen Eversor, indicating their preference for Perdo magics, and declaring themselves to be of the lineage of Apromar.
	www.durenmar.de /articles/naming.html (1049 words)

	Gloria Mundi Backgrounds
		At home a man would probably be known by his praenomen, his friends might refer to him by either his nomen or, for very good friends, his cognomen.
		The cognomen could also be used as an honorific (Germanicus (fighter of Germans)).
		Women could have one name or two, but they were always based on her father's name, the nomen and possibly the cognomen, in the feminine form.
	www.gloria-mundi.net /System/Names.html (340 words)

	Names and Naming Practices of Republican Rome
		Later in the Republican period, a further refinement was added as the importance of the gens grew and the size of each voting tribe was such that differentiation within the gens became of important.
		The Cognomen was commonly formed as the stirps of the gens to which the person was a part of.
		Originally, the cognomen was a sobriquet of one type or another, describing a physical feature (Naso, the long-nosed), attribute (Severus, the severe) or place of origin (Gallus, of Gaul)(11).
	www.sca.org /heraldry/laurel/names/roman (2071 words)

	Korean Names
		Some cognomens were acquired by conquering foreign lands: Africanus (of Africa), Numidicus (of Numidia).
		Thus, nomen and cognomen were the names that were distinctive.
		The branch relation (as in cognomen) is still there, albeit in a very subtle way, which still has social and legal ramifications.
	www.unsu.com /names.html (3625 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was usually the third element, the cognomen or nickname, that identified an individual.
		A branch of a larger family might use a combination of their nomen with a particular cognomen as a hereditary surname.
		In summary, a two-element name consisting of a nomen followed by a cognomen is probably most appropriate for either a man or a woman living in Rome circa 250 CE.
	www.panix.com /~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi/2206.txt (977 words)

	NOVA ROMA ::: VIA ROMANA ::: Roman Names (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If an applicant wants to create a new gens, the censores must be contacted for approval and it should be one of the gentes proven to actually have existed during the Republic.
		The third name or cognomen started to be a nickname or personal name that distinguished individuals within the same gens
		During the Roman Republic, the cognomen is inherited from father to son, serving to distinguish a family within a gens.
	www.novaroma.org /via_romana/names.html (1305 words)

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