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Topic: Cohort (statistics)

	Statistics Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		For example, the statistical significance of a trend in the data — which measures the extent to which the trend could be caused by random variation in the sample — may not agree with one's intuitive sense of its significance.
		A common goal for a statistical research project is to investigate causality, and in particular to draw a conclusion on the effect of changes in the values of predictors or independent variables on a response or dependent variable.
		Early statistical models were almost always from the class of linear models, but powerful computers, coupled with suitable numerical algorithms, caused a resurgence of interest in nonlinear models (especially neural networks and decision trees) and the creation of new types, such as generalised linear models and multilevel models.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Statistics.html (4117 words)

	Age and Arts Participation: With A focus on the Baby Boom Cohort
		Of special importance is the participation of "cohorts," a group of individuals born at roughly the same time and thereby sharing a variety of sociohistorical experiences.
		When the data are adjusted for demographic and life course events, the lower participation rates of the oldest cohort (born pre-1916) are, as might be expected, a function of aging, whereas the decreased participation of younger cohorts shows a clear cohort effect.
		While the post-WW II cohorts are more educated than those adults that came before them, the link between high levels of education and classical music attendance is not as strong as it is in the earlier cohorts.
	www.nea.gov /pub/Researcharts/Summary34.html (1847 words)

	Cohort (statistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In statistics and demography, a cohort is a group of subjects — most often humans from a given population — defined by experiencing an event (typically birth) in a particular time span.
		For example, Irish women born in the year 1950 would form a cohort, when studied from a point of view such as their health or mortality, or education, or marriages.
		For instance, the total cohort fertility rate is an index of the average completed family size for cohorts of women, but since it can only be known for women who have finished child-bearing, it cannot be measured for currently fertile women.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cohort_(statistics) (229 words)

	Cohort - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cohort (military unit), a component element of a Roman legion.
		Cohort (statistics), an age group in statistics and biology, from which derives
		Used in plural "cohorts" and usually in a negative sense as in "Cohorts in crime".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cohort (207 words)

	PA 765: Time Series Analysis
		A standard cohort table is constructed in which the columns are the times the data are collected and the rows are the groups (usually age groups, such as 21-30, 31-40, etc) from whom data are collected.
		Cohort effects are effects which reflect the unique reaction of a cohort to an historical event, or which were experienced uniquely by the cohort.
		The regression coefficient for cohort is the cross-cohort slope and the estimated effect of cohort turnover equals this coefficient times the difference in average year of birth in the last survey minus the average year of birth in the first survey.
	www2.chass.ncsu.edu /garson/pa765/time.htm (8883 words)

	Ministry of Social Development - Publications - Social Policy Journal Of New Zealand - Issue 21 pages160-177
		The four cohorts examined are: (1) those born 1912--16, aged 80--84 in 1996; (2) those born 1932--36, aged 60--64 in 1996; (3) those born 1952--56, aged 40--44 in 1996; (4) those born 1972--76, aged 20--24 in 1996.
		Analysis of cohort vulnerability to lack of extended family support is then compared to cohort vulnerability to lack of income support from the state, as analysed by Thomson (1991), and economic demographic compression, as per Jackson (1998).
		This is also the cohort where both mother and daughter are likely to have late childbearing, therefore creating increased possibility of the sandwich effect for their children, where adult children are caring for both the older and younger generation simultaneously.
	www.msd.govt.nz /publications/journal/21-march-2004/21-pages160-177.html (5872 words)

	Using Receipt and Decision Cohort Data to Monitor Premarket Review Activities (MDDI archive, Nov 98)
		In other words, the distinguishing characteristic of a receipt cohort is that the basic unit of analysis is the receipt of an application or document, whereas for a decision cohort the basic unit of analysis is an action or decision taken on, or completion of work on, an application or document.
		Statistics derived from decision and receipt cohort data for a given fiscal year can differ because the population of submissions that make up each type of cohort is generally not the same.
		While the receipt and decision cohort trends are similar, the rise in median days from FY 1990 to FY 1993 is steeper for the receipt cohorts than for the decision cohorts; the decline from FY 1993 to FY 1997 is also steeper for the receipt cohorts.
	www.devicelink.com /mddi/archive/98/11/008.html (2282 words)

	Data & Reports : Estimated High School Cohort Graduation Rates
		When reviewing and analyzing high school assessment data, it is important to be aware that the results are influenced by the fact that a proportion of students drops out before graduating high school and does not participate in certain assessments.
		The estimated four-year cohort graduation rate, presented in this report, is calculated by using the data collected for the event graduation and event dropout rate reports.
		Although the estimated cohort rate has limitations, it is likely that it reasonably describes the scale of Vermont's dropout problem.
	education.vermont.gov /new/html/data/dropout/cohort_99_00_overview.html (537 words)

	GAD - Government Actuary's Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Cohort life expectancies are worked out using age-specific mortality rates which allow for known or projected changes in mortality in later years.
		Cohort life expectancy at age 65 in 2000 would be worked out using the mortality rate for age 65 in 2000, for age 66 in 2001, for age 67 in 2002, and so on.
		Cohort life expectancies, even for past years, may require projected mortality rates for their calculation.
	www.gad.gov.uk /Life_Tables/Period_and_cohort_eol.htm (349 words)

	Cohort study Epidemiology
		The cohorts are identified prior to the appearance of the disease under investigation.
		In epidemiology, the term cohort is defined as a group of people who share a common characteristic or experience within a defined time period (e.g., age, occupation, exposure to a drug or a vaccine, insured persons etc.).
		In this example, a statistically significant increase in the incidence of lung cancers in the smoking group as compared to the non-smoking group is evidence in favor of the hypothesis.
	www.lumrix.com /medical/epidemiology/cohort_study.html (609 words)

	Principal Indicators of Student Academic Histories in Postsecondary Education 1972 - 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		To provide consistency in comparing the experience of students in the three cohorts, the populations used for the data tables in Principal Indicators are confined to those students who were in the 12th grade in the year they were scheduled to graduate from high school.
		By confining the universe to 12th graders, high school dropouts who had not returned to be with their scheduled class and early graduates are excluded from this account of the postsecondary histories of the classes of 1982 and 1992.
		The most notable change in the distribution of letter grades over the history of the three cohorts is the rise (from 4 percent for the class of 1972 to over 8 percent for the class of 1992) in the proportion of grades that were no-penalty Withdrawals (Ws) and No-Credit Repeats (NCRs) (table 6.1).
	www.ed.gov /rschstat/research/pubs/prinindicat/index.html (2446 words)

	Statistical Research & Applications Branch - Overview of Cancer Survival Statistics
		There are various sources to obtain already-derived estimates of survival using SEER data (see Available Survival Statistics), as well as various software packages which allow one to estimate population-based survival (SEER*Stat), as well as to model differences between survival curves (CanSurv).
		Unlike incidence or mortality statistics where the total population is included in the denominator, only diagnosed patients are included in the survival calculations.
		The section on Cohort Definition describes various approaches to defining which years of diagnosis are included in order to provide more up-to-date estimates of survival.
	srab.cancer.gov /survival (500 words)

	Population Geography
		Multiplying this rate by a constant (1,000) gives the same statistic in terms of 1,000 people, a clearer way of expressing the same thing: There were 15 births per 1,000 population.
		Statistics that measure events occurring to a cohort -- a group of people sharing a common demographic experience who are observed through time.
		Statistics that measure events occurring to all or part of a population during one period of time -- "taking a snapshot" of a population, in effect (e.g., the death rate of the whole U.S. population in 1975).
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/geo350/matzke/geo350/pop_lang.html (722 words)

	cohort. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
		There were 6 centuries (100 men) to a cohort, 10 cohorts to a legion (therefore 6,000 men).
		Because of the word's history, some critics insist that cohort should be used only to refer to a group of people and never to an individual.
		In recent years, however, the use of cohort to refer to an individual rather than a group has become very common and is now in fact the dominant usage.
	www.bartleby.com /61/41/C0464100.html (285 words)

	Amiga Reviews: Cohort 1
		Cohort — Fighting For Rome comes from Impressions, and is the follow up to Rorke’s Drift, repeating the formula of a ‘miniature-style’ computer war game.
		Cohort carries on that tradition by fighting for the vain glory of Rome.
		That said, Cohort is not in the same league as other recent Roman war games such as EA’s Centurion.
	amigareviews.classicgaming.gamespy.com /cohort1.htm (548 words)

	Medicaid Expenditures of Substance-Exposed Children
		To identity a study cohort of young children with a potential drug/alcohol exposure problem, a broad definition of substance exposure was used.
		The final study cohort of 7,802 children represented 1.4% to 1.9% of the children born in 1986, 1987 and 1988 who were enrolled in California's Medicaid program.<1> However, direct testing, the study methodology was limited in its ability to identify children with substance exposure.
		The percentage of control group mothers age 30 or older was substantially lower than for the study cohort in each birth weight category (e.g., 15.8% of mothers of very low birth weight infants in the control group were age 30 or older, compared to 38.7% of mothers in the study cohort).
	aspe.hhs.gov /hsp/cyp/xsmedic.htm (2603 words)

	The Medical Follow-up Agency Cohort Catalog - Institute of Medicine
		The Cohort Catalog describes a remarkable collection of study populations of former military personnel assembled as part of proposed or completed research dating back to the 1940's.
		Cohorts range in size from small lists, for example, 1,550 veterans with Korean Hemorrhagic Fever, to huge datasets created by selecting samples of all persons admitted to military hospitals during certain periods, such as World War II (1941-1944).
		Cohorts represent compilations of data identified, obtained, processed, and maintained by MFUA as epidemiologically useful resources.
	www.iom.edu /?id=17775 (630 words)

	Describing Quantitative Data
		Statistics is the field of science concerned with "the theories and techniques that have been developed to manipulate data." Analyses are performed to understand the "status" or characteristics of data.
		Statistical data analysis refers to the process of examining what quantitative data mean to researchers.
		Statistics are simply ways researchers attempt to describe the data they have acquired.
	www.uky.edu /~drlane/cohort/methods/ch11.htm (1086 words)

	Sudden unexpected death in a male homosexual cohort.
		The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the incidence of sudden and unexpected deaths in a well-defined cohort of homosexual and bisexual men prospectively studied since 1984.
		The sudden and unexpected death rate in this cohort did not significantly differ from the 0.07% (70/100,000) yearly incidence in the age- and race-matched male population.
		Thus, in this well-defined male gay cohort, there does not appear to be an increased risk of violent and drug-related deaths in persons at risk for, or with a diagnosis of, AIDS.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1995/apr/M9540328.html (468 words)

	College of Business - Cohort Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The courses requirements are the same for cohort and non-cohort participants.
		The difference is, the courses are scheduled in a way so that the same students are enrolled in the same set of courses.
		To participate in a cohort, students cannot have taken any of the eleven core courses.
	cob.isu.edu /Newprogram/cohort.htm (475 words)

	Statistical Research & Applications Branch - Cancer Survival Statistics: Cohort Definition
		Survival estimates from cancer registry data are usually dated measures of current-year survival, because of the time needed to observe survival and lag between available data and the current year.
		Cohort - uses the observed survival for a cohort of patients diagnosed in a single calendar year.
		Cohort is a well defined measure and is useful in communicating survival trends.
	srab.cancer.gov /survival/cohort.html (408 words)

	www.NASFAA.org American Student Assistance (ASA) Produces Largest One-Year Drop in Cohort Default Rate Among Nation's ...
		ASA's cohort default rate also continues to be well below the national rate of 5.2 percent, which is down from fiscal year 2001's 5.4 percent.
		FFELP guarantor cohort default rates are based on the cohort default statistics released each year by the U.S. Department of Education.
		Cohort default rates are calculated annually and are based on the percentage of students who enter repayment and default before the end of the next fiscal year.
	www.nasfaa.org /publications/2004/cnasa091704.html (463 words)

	arthritis pain relief - Cohort (statistics)
		In statistics and demography, a cohort is a group of subjects — most often humans from a given population — defined by a condition on their date of birth.
		For example, Canadian women born in the year 1950 would form a cohort, when studied from a point of view such as their health or mortality, or education, or marriages.
		Studies of cohorts often track them over extended periods of time, and return to the same sample groups decades later.
	www.painreliefchat.com /arthritis-pain-relief/Cohort_(statistics) (100 words)

	Federal Student Aid - About Federal Student Aid
		Official cohort default rates are generally released to schools and the public approximately six months after the release of the draft cohort default rates.
		Yes, the draft and official cohort default rates may differ if the data used to calculate the official cohort default rates in NSLDS changed between the time that the draft and the official cohort default rates were calculated.
		An institution with a cohort default rate of less than 10% for each of the three of most recent fiscal years for which data is available, including eligible foreign institutions, may once again disburse, in a single installment, loans that are made for one semester, one trimester, one quarter, or a four-month period.
	www.ifap.ed.gov /DefaultManagement/faq/FAQ.html (3014 words)

	Diversity In PSY230
		I chose to infuse diversity into a statistics based course by focusing on the term project (worth 25% of the student's grade).
		They saw how statistics can be used to support differences (or a lack of differences) between diverse peoples.
		They found the term project to be different than expected for a statistics class, specifically related the use of Power Point (many were expecting to write a paper).
	www.maricopa.edu /diversityinfusion/ARTICLES/PSY7.HTM (615 words)

	Cohort modelling in social and population statistics - Statistics New Zealand
		The aim is to eventually develop a database which integrates social and population statistics in a way that allows the experiences of different cohorts to be studied.
		The most common cohort will be based on birthdates, but it is also intended that other types of cohorts (eg based on marital status, family structure) will be able to be studied.
		A report on the cohort database feasibility study is expected to be available in March 2004.
	www.stats.govt.nz /developments/cohort-modelling.htm (249 words)

	Cohort Default Rate
		A cohort was a sub-division of the Roman infantry, originally of a Roman legion, consisting of 480 men, itself divided in 6 centurias commanded each by a centurion.
		In the Imperial Roman auxiliary forces individual cohorts of 500(quingenaria), and 1000 (miliaria), as well as mixed infantry and cavalry units (cohors equitata) existed in parallel.
		The civics membership in the U.S. House of Representatives is based on a population in the preceding census.
	www.altvetmed.com /face/21579-cohort-default-rate.html (500 words)

	YORK TECHNICAL COLLEGE
		State retention rates are based on the state cohort tracking system (Roper) reports which reflect retention of first-time, full-time students.
		Retention rates based on statistics from the cohort beginning Fall 1995 as of Fall 1998 indicate that local retention rates exceeded state rates for Dental Hygiene (local 100%, n=2; state 54%, n=24) and Computer Engineering Technology (local 25%, n=20; state 18%, n=34).
		Cohort retention statistics must be interpreted carefully because students who transfer among programs are not counted as first-time students, and typically the number of students included in the cohort is much lower than the total number of students enrolled in programs.
	www.yorktech.com /ytcreport.htm (1471 words)

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