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Topic: Coke (fuel)

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	Coke (fuel)
		Coke is a solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal.
		Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.
		The use of coke as a fuel was pioneered in 17th century England in response to the ever-growing problem of European deforestation.
	www.reboom.com /article/Coke_(fuel).html (416 words)

	Coke (fuel) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Coke is a solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal.
		Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.
		The use of coke as a fuel was pioneered in 17th century England in response to the ever-growing problem of European deforestation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coke_(fuel) (496 words)

	CHALLENGES AND ECONOMICS OF USING PETROLEUM COKE FOR POWER GENERATION
		Coke that remains on the drum walls is subsequently cut from the drum with a high pressure water jet.
		Table 1 lists the ultimate analysis and ash properties of petroleum coke used at a major petroleum coke-based plant in the U.S. The major advantages and disadvantages of using petroleum coke as a boiler fuel are discussed in references 1, 5, 7, 8, and 9 and summarized in Table 2.
		Fuel escalation over general inflation is 0.5 percent/year for natural gas and 0 percent/year for petroleum coke.
	www.worldenergy.org /wec-geis/publications/default/tech_papers/17th_congress/1_2_26.asp (5077 words)

	Fuel Encyclopedia @ LaunchBase.org (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fuel is any material that is capable of releasing energy when its chemical structure is changed or converted.
		For example, a fuel value is used to quantify fuel's potential energy.
		The application of energy released from fuels ranges from heat to cooking and from powering weapons to propulsion and generation of electricity.
	www.launchbase.org /encyclopedia/Fuel (762 words)

	Coal - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (surface mining).
		Coal is coked at temperatures between 450 and 700 °C compared to 800 to 1000 °C for metallurgical coke.
		Coke is a solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven without oxygen at temperatures as high as 1,000 °C (2,000 °F) so that the fixed carbon and residual ash are fused together.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Coal (3454 words)

	coke. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In the form of oven coke it is primarily used when a porous fuel with few impurities and high carbon content is desired, as in the blast furnace to make iron.
		Coke is also used in other metallurgical processes, such as the manufacture of ferro-alloys, lead, and zinc, and in kilns to make lime and magnesium.
		In nonrecovery coke plants, originally referred to as beehive ovens, the coal is carbonized in large oven chambers; the partially combusted gases collect in a common tunnel and exit via a stack.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/coke.html (404 words)

	Chapter 4. Impacts of Electric Power Industry Restructuring on Crude-Oil-Derived Fuels
		Although coke's fuel properties are different from those of coal, it is being blended with coal in some facilities without the requirement of substantial equipment modifications.
		Because utility residual fuel use, including that of high-sulfur residual fuel, has been exhibiting a downward trend, and there is a general move to reduce sulfur in all fuels, the market for high-sulfur products is shrinking.
		Refiners are beginning to look to gasification as a means of using high-sulfur, high-metals residual fuel and coke, along with a number of refinery waste streams, as feedstocks to produce synthetic gas, which could then be used to produce power, steam, and a variety of chemicals (such as hydrogen and ammonia) of use to refineries.
	www.eia.doe.gov /electricity/chg_str_fuel/html/chapter4.html (5405 words)

	Frank M. Gentry: The Technology of Low Temperature Carbonization ~ Chap. 4: Low Temperature Coke
		Coke from the Maclaurin (188) retort was carbonized by internal heating through the agency of the sensible heat of producer gas.
		These cokes were made at 900° C. Experiments by Audibert and Delmas (103) indicated that all coals examined by them attained a maximum strength at a given rate of heating, rising rapidly to this maximum as the rate of heating increases and declining slowly from the maximum as the rate of heating is further increased.
		It was demonstrated that the fuel was smokeless and that it evaporated from 8.5 to 12.8 pounds of water per pound of fuel per hour, from and at 212° F, when fired at rates ranging from 100 pounds to 27 pounds of fuel per hour per square foot of grate surface, respectively.
	www.rexresearch.com /coal/4chap/4chap.htm (7338 words)

	The Crematoria Ovens of Auschwitz and Birkenau
		A cremation oven's fuel consumption depends in the main on the manner of the oven's construction, the cremation process, the frequency of cremations, the state of the bodies, and the operation of the oven.
		The Coke Consumption of the Topf Cremation Ovens of Auschwitz and Birkenau
		Since the minimum coke requirement for the cremation of the bodies of the 21,850 registered inmates was 420,000 kg (926,000 lbs), the bodies of the alleged 102,968 gassing victims would have had to be cremated with the remaining 98,500 kg (217,200 lbs) of coke.
	www.codoh.com /found/fndcrema.html (14047 words)

	Ketchum: Review of Low Temperature Carbonization Processes [ Karrick, Hayes, Rexco, NFC &c.]
		Fuel Gas: Fuel gas, from LTC of coal, varies both in quantity and quality depending on the composition of the raw coal, and also upon the process and temperature of carbonization.
		Coke: The yield is given in percent of coal as carbonized, without correction for a very small amount of moisture from the atmosphere during 24-hour period when coke was being tested and prepared for chemical analysis.
		Solid, liquid or gaseous fuel is burned either in a chamber which surrounds the retort proper or in a series of heating cells built on the outside of the retort wall.
	www.rexresearch.com /ketchum/1ltcre~1.htm (17720 words)

	LancasterOnline.com: Coke shortage has steelmakers protective of the coal-based fuel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prices for raw materials such as coke and scrap have more than doubled from last year, mainly because China is buying all it can find to feed its rapidly growing steel industry, putting a squeeze on makers elsewhere in the world.
		Coke is burned to melt iron ore into molten iron in a blast furnace.
		That makes maintaining in-house coke production extremely important for ISG and other companies that can't afford even a short let-up in coke supply: Steel prices and demand are surging, giving the once-ailing industry a prime opportunity to boost profits.
	ap.lancasteronline.com /4/pa_coke_boom (474 words)

	coke
		Thomas Coke - Coke, Thomas, 1747–1814, English clergyman and early bishop of the Methodist Episcopal...
		Sir Edward Coke - Coke, Sir Edward, 1552–1634, English jurist, one of the most eminent in the history of...
		Thomas William Coke - Coke, Thomas William, 1752–1842, English agricultural reformer.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0812820.html (418 words)

	Ford Foundation: Potential Fuel Effectiveness in Industry - 40
		Coke is the primary fuel used in the blast furnace for the reduction of iron ore into pig iron.
		Present U.S. practice is to quench the coke rapidly with water to prevent it from oxidizing and to cool it for transfer to the blast furnace, a process which produces dust-laden pollution and contaminated water.
		In addition to coke, the coking process yields coke oven gas and tar products which leave the oven at 1100—1300°F. A representative fuel balance for 1969 average practice for the coking process is given in Table 5-1-1.
	www.fordfound.org /elibrary/documents/0155/049.cfm (485 words)

	EH.Net Encyclopedia: US Coal Industry in the Nineteenth Century
		The fuel needs of the federal army and navy, along with their military suppliers, promised a significant increase in the demand for coal.
		The late nineteenth century saw the emergence of coke -- a form of processed bituminous coal in which impurities are "baked" out under high temperatures -- as a powerful fuel in the iron and steel industry.
		The successful incorporation of new mining methods and the emergence of coke as a major fuel source served as both a blessing and a curse to mining firms.
	www.eh.net /encyclopedia/article/adams.industry.coal.us (3908 words)

	Coke: The Most Dangerous Fuel - Gizmodo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Basically, drinking Coke to give yourself energy is like filling your car with some sort of acidic jet fuel.
		This is almost as bad as showing that coke dissolves tissue paper (robot thing from a month ago), or the whole Killer Coke campaign (which it turned out was just a personal vendetta against one of the company's board members, and had no factual basis).
		Coke isn't going to kill you any faster, cellphones aren't going to give you a brain tumor, and people can't feel WiFi signals.
	gizmodo.com /gadgets/home-entertainment/coke-the-most-dangerous-fuel-222960.php (1883 words)

	Solid Fuel Association - coal, coke and smokeless fuels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		is funded by solid fuel producers and distributors and was established to encourage greater awareness of the benefits of domestic solid fuel heating among the general public.
		Medical research has also shown that solid fuel heating can reduce the risk of hay fever, asthma and eczema.Homes with solid fuel heating are better ventilated than those with other forms of heating; the very use of a chimney will induce ventilation into a home drawing in fresh air and removing the 'polluted' air.
		To get the best out of this 21st century fuel and reap the maximum benefits in terms of fuel efficiency, it is important to choose the solid fuel that is most suitable for use in your appliance.
	www.solidfuel.co.uk (2876 words)

	Cupola Furnace - Basics of Foundry Melting Furnaces
		The charge consists of alternate layers of the metal to be melted, coke fuel and limestone flux.
		Once the coke bed is ignited and of the required height, alternate layers of metal, flux and coke are added until the level reaches the charged doors.
		As the metal is melted and fuel consumed, additional charges are added to maintain a level at the charging door and provide a continuous supply of molten iron.
	www.atlasfdry.com /cupolafurnace.htm (578 words)

	Coke - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Look up coke in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
		Edward Coke (1552-1634), an English entrepreneur and jurist
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coke (134 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the drum, the heated feed decomposes to form coke and volatile components which are removed from the top of the drum and passed to a fractionator.
		coke, also known as anode grade or premium coke, is the highest quality of the three varieties.
		The method of claim 20 wherein the coke is of sufficiently low density so as to float on top of the molten alkali metal hydroxide, and the recovery step comprises of overflowing the floating coke in a low-velocity flow zone of the melt through a restricted outlet into a lower pressure vessel.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/49000.990930&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (6133 words)

	Cherry Valley Coke Ovens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Believed to have been constructed in 1866, this facility is one of the largest of its kind in the nation.
		The end product -- coke -- was the best fuel source for the furnaces that were used to manufacture iron and steel.
		Coke ovens - railroad used to run in channel where water is today.
	titchenal.com /trails/cokeovens (198 words)

	Coal Encyclopedia @ LaunchBase.net (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Coal (previously referred to as pitcoal or seacoal) is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (surface mining).
		This highly speculative hypothesis makes a distinction between brown and fl coal, and upholds that brown coal is formed by the classical organic process.
		Diesel Fuel News: Ultra-clean fuels from coal liquefaction: China about to launch big projects - Brief Article.
	www.launchbase.net /encyclopedia/Coal (2675 words)

	globalisation and third world
		Coke and Pepsi may be following the Enron foot steps in India, unless they do not answer the grave environmental and safety questions raised against them
		Coke Accused Of Supplying Toxic Fertiliser To Farmers
		The people in Sivganga in Tamil Nadu are agitating against Coke's plans to exploit large amounts of water from the region, which is already facing water scarcity
	www.countercurrents.org /globalisation.htm (4307 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: News :: Test Shows Fuel-Like Substance in Diet Coke
		The bottle of Diet Coke that sent a University worker to the hospital last month has tested positive for a foreign substance.
		The test, conducted by the Massachusetts State Laboratories, revealed a substance chemically similar to diesel fuel--a finding that is consistent with reports by the employee, who said the bottle of Coke, purchased in Loker Commons, smelled like fuel.
		The lab also tested three sealed bottles produced at the same time in the Needham bottling plant as the contaminated bottle and did not find anything wrong with them.
	www.thecrimson.com /article.aspx?ref=103725 (447 words)

	[No title]
		The reader is referred to the "Consumption Adjustments for Process Fuel and Intermediate Products" section in the SEPER documentation for a discussion of this subject.
		Appendix A is a list of the components of the key variables and definitions of the various characters.
		Appendix E identifies the process fuel and intermediate product consumption variables included on the diskettes.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /dmp/B29155253/1989/convert/README.TXT (1646 words)

	MacNN \| Tech: Coke music site, 64-bit notebooks, fuel cells..
		The problem with DMFC fuel cells is that they typically run at 25% efficiency, and they require the methanol to be diluted with water, so they need a little water treatment plant to recycle the water back if they're going to use high concentrations of methanol.
		I work on reformed methanol fuel cells, which require a somewhat high temp (500F) reformer to convert methanol and water into hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
		For devices that require 10 watts or more, this scheme seems to work better- we can operate the fuel cells at 50% efficiency or higher.
	legacy.macnn.com /articles/04/01/20/coke.music.site.64bit.cpu (482 words)

	Forbes.com: UPDATE4-US dollar, European sales fuel big Coke profit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Coke's stock, however, fell 36 cents to $51.92 on the New York Stock Exchange.
		Coca-Cola, which began a search for a new chief two months ago after Doug Daft announced he would step down as chairman and chief executive at the end of 2004, revealed that it had considered dozens of candidates for Daft's job.
		Preliminary results from the meeting showed 84 percent of Coke shareholders voting to reelect billionaire investor Warren Buffett to the soft drink maker's board, rejecting a California pension group's bid to have him removed.
	www.forbes.com /newswire/2004/04/21/rtr1341112.html (853 words)

	ALERT - No Environmental Assessment has been done, SynFuel Plant Going Ahead in TBay : Thunderbay IMC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		While the legislation may not specifically identify or list "petroleum coke" generators as a typical or previously known regulated fuel source for electrical generation, it is clear that this is a private energy project that should require a comprehensive Environmental Assessment review.
		The use of "petroleum coke" as a combustion fuel source is an unproven technology in Ontario and Canada.
		The petroleum coke is not being burned to generate heat, it is being gassified and the clean syngas is being burned.
	thunderbay.indymedia.org /news/2003/11/9948_comment.php (13424 words)

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