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Topic: Cold seeps

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	Glossary, "Investigating Marine Life", Census of Marine Life
		Water from cold seeps is the same temperature as the surrounding seawater.
		Cold seeps are called "cold" to contrast them with the hot water from hydrothermal vents.
		Hydrothermal vents and seeps, seeps are similar to vents, but are generally much cooler and often don't have as high a level of biodiversity.
	www.coml.org /edu/glossary/g1.htm (2389 words)

	Cold Seep Communities-Section III
		In the Monterey Bay region, cold seep communities were first discovered in the axial valley of the Monterey Submarine Canyon during dives in the research submersible ALVIN (Embley et al.
		The presence of seep communities was suspected in Monterey Bay from samples of vesicomyid clams (bivalves associated with seeps) dredged from the bay during research cruises (J. Nybakken, pers.
		In addition, the distribution of clam species within individual seeps varies according to localized gradients in sulfide concentration, similar to the zonation of flora and fauna along a desiccation gradient in the rocky intertidal zone.
	www.montereybay.noaa.gov /sitechar/cold3.html (854 words)

	AAAS - AAAS News Release
		On average, the first appearance of cold seep mollusk genera in the geological record is a full epoch earlier than that of marine mollusks in general, according to Steffen Kiel and Crispin Little of the University of Leeds.
		Cold seeps may have been—and continue to be—safe harbors for the mollusks, protecting them from mass extinctions and possible abrupt oxygen changes in the seas, the researchers found.
		Cold seeps are places where fluids rich in hydrogen sulfide and methane leak up through the ocean floor, creating a unique chemical environment where hardy bacteria process the sulfide and methane.
	www.aaas.org /news/releases/2006/0908mollusk.shtml (698 words)

	SIMoN -- Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary
		Seamounts and cold seeps are the oases of the deep sea.
		The deep sea is a dark and cold environment that includes a variety of habitats from the midwater to the abyss that are populated by a wide array of animals, specially adapted to live under the tremendous water pressure and low oxygen level of this harsh environment.
		In cold seeps, bacterial mats are at the base of the food web and use the chemical energy in a similar way that plants use the energy from the sunlight.
	www.mbnms-simon.org /sections/deepSea/overview.php?sec=ds (989 words)

	WWF - Deep sea ecology: hydrothermal vents and cold seeps
		Apart from temperature and the chemical used for energy, a major difference between vent and cold seep ecosystems is the rate of growth.
		Seep tube worms, for example, are thought to live for up to 250 years.
		The deepest cold seep ecosystem discovered so far is located in the Sea of Japan at a depth of 5,000 to 6,500m.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/what_we_do/marine/blue_planet/deep_sea/vents_seeps/index.cfm (890 words)

	Levin Seeps
		Scripps scientist Kevin Brown reports that the geological setting of the cold seeps along the crest of a plunging anticline suggests updip migration of fluids and gases from the subsurface hydrates.
		Most studies of cold seeps have focused on the larger fauna such as clams and tubeworms, or the chemosynthetic bacteria that are unique to these environments.
		Comparison of the Eel River seep communities with those observed during previous cold seep surveys off the coasts of Alaska and Oregon reveal geographical diversity in the ecosystem's structure and function, including highly variable reliance on methane.
	www.westnurc.uaf.edu /levinseeps.html (499 words)

	PHY's VENTS & SEEPS Page
		or methane--sometimes as methane-hydrate ice--and hydrogen sulfide) and oil seep out of the sediments and also provide abundant energy for eubacteria, and archaea, which are the basis of a "gas-powered" foodchain.
		Seep areas are littered with small to huge blocks of carbonate rocks, thought to be formed by precipitation from seep waters as a byproduct of microbial metabolism.
		These are methane and sulfide seeps at various locations in the Pacific.
	people.whitman.edu /~yancey/califseeps.html (1271 words)

	Ocean: Cold Methane
		These are the cold seeps and related environments, where oil and methane gas are bubbling up from undersea sediment layers.
		we now suspect that cold seeps are a common component of continental borderlands, where fluid flow through the continental crust may be controlled by various processes.
		Fluid seepage at one seep region (Mt. Crushmore) is suspected to result from artesian flow of rainwater which enters a sandstone aquifer (Purisima Formation) in the Santa Cruz mountains and is released along the walls of Monterey Canyon after percolating downslope 1000 m or mor...
	www.resa.net /nasa/ocean_methane.htm (1840 words)

	Cold Seep Communities
		Cold seeps are deep-sea environments, usually a few square meters in size, where fluid is released through slow diffusion from the sea floor.
		Near cold seeps in the Eastern Mediterranean, Sbastien Duperron from Universit Pierre et Marie Curie in France has found unique bacterial symbiosis with mussels.
		His observations of the fauna around coastal margin hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico have revealed a habitat rich in biological activity and without a need for symbionts to extract nutrients.
	www.terradaily.com /reports/Cold_Seep_Communities_999.html (1016 words)

	Extraordinary Life Found Around Deep-Sea Gas Seeps
		Cold seeps are areas of the seafloor where methane gas or hydrogen sulphide escapes from large stores deep below.
		Like hydrothermal vents, cold seeps support unique communities of animals living in symbiosis with microbes that can convert these energy-rich chemicals to living matter (a form of 'chemosynthesis') in the absence of sunlight.
		A few cold seep sites were previously known along the New Zealand coast from geological and biogeochemical studies of the continental margin.
	www.terradaily.com /reports/Extraordinary_Life_Found_Around_Deep_Sea_Gas_Seeps_999.html (1460 words)

	MBARI - Molecular Ecology - Cold Seeps
		Cold seeps are areas where methane and sulfide-rich fluids seep into the substrate of the ocean floor.
		Like the species that inhabit hydrothermal vents, seep animals are also dependent on sulfur-oxidation by symbiotic bacteria for survival.
		After further lab work, we intend to use this technology in a shallow water environment to investigate the effectiveness in detecting and collecting the larvae of shallow-living barnacle and molluscs.
	www.mbari.org /molecular/coldseeps.htm (259 words)

	ESF - Press Area
		Cold seeps are deep-sea environments, usually a few square meters in size, where fluid is released through slow diffusion from the sea floor.
		His observations of the fauna around coastal margin hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico have revealed a habitat rich in biological activity and without a need for symbionts to extract nutrients.
		MacDonald found that the productivity of deep-water seeps is overwhelmingly based on chemosynthesis (deriving energy from chemical compounds instead of light) and also some chemoautotrophic symbiosis (using a symbiont to derive energy from chemical compounds).
	www.esf.org /esf_pressarea_page.php?language=0§ion=6&year=2006&newsrelease=145 (663 words)

	Iceman Cold Air Intake - Discount Prices on Iceman Cold Air Intakes
		It is even improved with the use of a reusable high-flow air filter that draws in greater amount of cool air into your system while simultaneously purifying it before it ever seeps through the engine for protection.
		The cold air intake system is responsible for bringing down the temperature of air entering the engine.
		Iceman Cold Air Intake Systems are made from the finest available materials, and are virtually indestructible even under extreme operating conditions.
	www.coldairintakedirect.com /iceman.html (653 words)

	Ancient extravagance at sea bottom
		The worms grow to be more than 2 meters long and are anchored to rocks on the muddy bottom in areas where hydrocarbons naturally seep through the sea floor.
		After staining the worms and measuring new growth one year later, the researchers calculated that the creatures live in excess of 170 to 250 years.
		Deep under the sea bed, a layer of oil-bearing shale is being squeezed, cracking the shale and allowing hydrocarbons from the oil to seep upward.
	whyfiles.org /shorties/old_worm.html (693 words)

	Dr. Eva Ramirez-Llodra: Conversations: Who's Who in the Census: Census of Marine Life Portal
		The dives I did with the submersible Johnson Sea Link (Dr Craig Young, HBOI, USA) in the Gulf of Mexico cold seeps and with the Nautile (Dr Daniel Desbruyères, Ifremer, France) on the hydrothermal vents in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were simply unique and I consider myself extremely lucky to have done them..
		Vents were only discovered in 1977 in the Galapagos Rift, and the cold seep associated fauna only in 1984 in the Gulf of Mexico, and we know only a very small fraction of all vents and seeps in the world.
		I have obtained results showing that the number of eggs produced by deep-sea species can vary depending on the energy available in their habitat, but that the gametogenetic processes that result in the production of eggs and sperm are specific of the species and there seems to be no special adaptations in deep-sea animals.
	www.coml.org /converse/ww-c1.htm (1434 words)

	MBARI - Cold Seeps
		Many benthic communities in Monterey Canyon are linked to the seepage of methane and sulfide rich fluids from the ocean floor.
		These areas of seepage are called cold seeps.
		Under the direction of Jim Barry the benthic ecology group here at MBARI is examining the linkage between these bottom dwelling organisms and the chemistry that makes this environment unique.
	www.mbari.org /benthic/coldseeps.htm (90 words)

	Pleural Effusion - Index - PulmonologyChannel
		Cells in the pleural space are primarily mesothelial cells that line the surfaces of the pleural membranes and some white blood cells.
		A small amount of fluid continuously seeps out of the blood vessels through the parietal pleura.
		Protein in the circulation and balanced pressures keep excessive amounts of fluid from seeping out of the blood vessels into the pleural space.
	www.pulmonologychannel.com /pleuraleffusion (739 words)

	DEEP-SEA Pages (Paul Yancey, Whitman College)
		DEEP-SEA Biology: Habitats from mesopelagic to abyssal to methane seeps; animals from viperfish to rattails to tubeworms
		Tubeworms at seeps in the Gulf of Mexico may be the oldest living animals in the sea (over 200 yrs old; see Nature Feb. 3 2000 issue, p.499).
		Animals at seeps and vents can grow in great abundance since energy is not in short supply.
	marcus.whitman.edu /~yancey/deepsea.html (1359 words)

	"Cold Case" (2003)
		The Philadelphia homicide squad's lone female detective finds her calling when she's assigned "cold cases" -- older crimes that have never been solved.
		Cold case gives you an opportunity to think for yourself, unlike an other popular show- where a hero with one facial expression saves the world from the bad guys over and over again.
		I will not name this show-seems I am the only one hating it:) But-cold case-yes, bravo.
	imdb.com /title/tt0368479 (481 words)

	About Water -- Culligan of Mountain Home, Arkansas
		Then, as water seeps down through the ground, it may dissolve a little bit of the minerals and other substances that could be present.
		If the water has an odor, and the outside water didn't, then there is a source inside the home that is causing the odor.
		These types of filters can be installed on a water line supplying the cold water to the faucet from which you get water that you drink.
	www.culliganwatermtnhome.com /aboutwater.htm (4639 words)

	Ten Tips for Traveling With Teens (Site not responding. Last check: )
		I remember when my family went to Michigan one year; all of us kids were trapped in the house we had rented.
		We were by a lake, but it was too cold to go swimming, so we just stayed in the house watching television and playing cards.
		I've found many times when one person is really enjoying him or herself, the happiness almost floods the room and seeps into the other people's bodies until they, too, are smiling.
	www.kidtravels.com /tenteentips.htm (1274 words)

	Absolute Zero and the Conquest of Cold
		The sharp points in ice can destroy cells
		Because if anything got that cold it would evaporate and disappear
		Who were the first people to achieve a BEC?
	www.absolutezerocampaign.org /get_involved/trivia_quiz.htm (183 words)

	Truck accessories, performance exhaust, pickup truck accessories, truck bed accessories
		Our diesel performance parts and 4x4 truck accessories are designed to perform.
		Everything from performance chips or a cold air intake our truck accessories are proven performance parts.
		But we don’t just deal in performance, we have a variety of truck tool boxes, cargo carriers, Nerf bars, tow hitches, tonneau covers and many other truck accessories.
	www.dieselpro.net /trailseal.php (390 words)

	Suspended In August - Camille Moffat
		To go with them, to sit in their kitchens or on their couches and feel the cold air settling on my sweaty skin felt every bit as delicious as a glass of ice water going down one gulp at a time.
		The heat of summer seeps into every corner of a dirty house.
		It warms and animates every overflowing trash can, every sticky toilet, every kitchen sink where food-encrusted dishes lean against each other precariously, offering bits of gluey egg or cement-dry cereal to swarms of fl, huge-eyed flies.
	camillewrites.com /summrtlh.html (1236 words)

	Last Minute Golf Package Travel Deals
		From the Lambeau Leap to tailgating in Titletown, Packer pride seeps from every corner of the Midwest's oldest settlement!
		Norfolk, VA - Sittin' on the Dock of the Bay
		Far from the cow-town persona of its past, the Mile High City of today juggles cosmopolitan flair with down-to-earth charm, so you can enjoy haute cuisine along with a cold microbrew!
	travelofix.com /golfpackagedeals.htm (589 words)

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