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Topic: Coleoids

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	Coleoidea
		In many regions of the oceans, coleoids are dominant members of the ecosystem and are often targets of major fisheries.
		Coleoid arms are unique grasping structures that possess a variety of different types of suckers and hooks.
		Extant coleoids form a monophyletic group, the Neocoleoidea, as evidenced by the uniform presence of suckers.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Coleoidea (1559 words)

	Palaeos Metazoa: Mollusca: Cyrtosoma: Coleoidea
		The third of the traditional subclasses of cephalopods, coleoids can more correctly be considered the second of the two great clades that developed from early Devonian bactrid ancestors, the others of course being the ammonoids.
		Coleoids are endocochleate cephalopods; that is, they have their shell on the inside of the body.
		About 700 species of Recent coleoids are known (with probably more, especially deep sea forms, waiting to be discovered), and there are some 2500 fossil species, although some of these would be invalid taxa.
	palaeos.com /Invertebrates/Molluscs/Cyrtosoma/Coleoidea/Coleoidea.html (207 words)

	Female octopuses brood their eggs in caves
		The Jurassic was the heyday of first big group of coleoids, the belemnites, as well as the time when the first squids evolved.
		Coleoids, such as the giant squid are the dominant cephalopod group and important members of many marine ecosystems.
		As the successors of the ammonites, the evolution of the coleoids falls outside the scope of this book, but there is one kind which may have a direct connection with the evolution of the ammonites.
	www.fossiliensammlung-knecht.ch /coleoidea-devonian.php (699 words)

	cephalopods
		The Coleoids are perhaps the most familiar cephalopod mollusks including as they do the octopods and squids.
		Coleoids are characterized either by an internal skeleton or by lacking a skeleton altogether.
		The internal shell of coleoids is almost exclusively straight (=orthoconic), although a few groups have a coiled shell.
	paleo.cortland.edu /tutorial/Ceph&Gast/cephalopods.htm (645 words)

	Perspectives Magazine - Extra Credit
		This part of the cephalopod's body makes a slightly darker impression when fossilized, and is a mineralized structure on the outer shell, she says.
		The rostrum is only found in coleoids, so its presence is a key factor in the new classification.
		To confirm their suspicions, Weller traveled to the University of Montana in May 2003 to study and compare the cephalopod she is working with to the university's collection of similar fossils from the same region.
	news.research.ohiou.edu /perspectives/archives/0401/extracredit.html (538 words)

	Fossil Cephalopods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		While the siphuncle is runs through the centre of the shell in nautiloids, in both ammonoids and coleoids the siphuncle is ventral.
		Among the coleoids, the belemnites had solid counterweights as well, but they surrounded the outside of the shell (but underneath the skin).
		Fossil spirulids are known from the Pleistocene of the Canary Islands, the Pliocene of New Zealand, and the Miocene of Japan.
	www.nhm.ac.uk /hosted_sites/tcp/FosCephs.html (2291 words)

	Cephalopoda literally means 'head-footed'
		The radula of coleoids is similar to that of ammonites, with nine teeth, which suggests that coleoids and ammonoids are more dosely related to one another than to the nautiluses.
		Unlike either the nautiluses or (as far as we can teil) the ammonites, coleoids can produce ink, which they use as a 'smoke-screen' to cover their escape when threatened.
		Coleoids are also particularly intelligent compared with other invertebrate animals.
	www.fossiliensammlung-knecht.ch /fossil-cepholopoda.php (1038 words)

	Cephalopod Gills
		The gills of coleoids are attached, for varying lengths along one side to the body wall.
		The basic structure of the lamellae is similar among the nautiloids and decapodiforms and differs greatly in the octopodiforms.
		The branchial gland, where blood hemocyanin is formed, extends along the bottom of the gill as a well-defined structure in coleoids but is scattered throughout the bottom "stem" of the gill in Nautilus in a region (green in the figure below) containing connective and muscle tissue.
	tolweb.org /articles/?article_id=4200 (2859 words)

	COLEOID CEPHALOPODS FROM THE LOWER CARBONIFEROUS OF NORTH AMERICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Evaluation of the cephalopods from the Bear Gulch material is difficult, since all the specimens are crushed and the aragonite shells have been mostly removed by diagenesis.
		Recognition of Paleozoic coleoids rests on the preservation of a mineralized structure called the rostrum that is deposited on the exterior of the outer shell of the phragmocone.
		The discovery of these coleoid cephalopods from the Mississippian of Montana is important evidence that this cephalopod order had already developed significant diversity by the end of the early Carboniferous and that the origins of the Order Coleoidea probable lies in the Devonian.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_59045.htm (445 words)

	Shell loss in mollusc evolution
		The internalisation of the shell provides coleoids with several advantages, most of which are related to the development of more efficient swimming.
		The uncovering of the body has also permitted the evolution of 'chromatophores', colour-changing cells in the skin, which are important in many coleoids for communication or camouflage.
		The internal shell of a cuttlefish, although somewhat reduced in comparison to that of the early belemnoids, retains air spaces and continues to function in buoyancy control.
	www.andrewgray.com /essays/molluscs.htm (1505 words)

	A Summary of Gastropods and Cephalophods
		All coleoids have only one pair of gills, distinguishing them from other cephalopods that have two.
		Coleoid shells are internal or even absent (as in octopuses)
		In belemnites, the shell was largely composed of a bullet-shaped cylinder of solid calcite that may have acted in a similar way to the cameral deposits of nautiloids -- as a counterweight to keep the animal upright while swimming
	www.uwm.edu /People/mtharris/Paleo2002/CN17.htm (715 words)

	4- Recent Coleoids
		Spirula and Sepia are the only recent coleoid cephalopod with mineralized shells.
		The nacreous layers of recent Coleoids show a peculiar pattern : thin aragonictic fibres are arranged in horizontal layers, separated with organic layers, but the hexagonal tablets are absent.
		The nacreous layer of the outer wall of Spirula is organic, whereas the nacreous layer of the septa is mineralized.
	biomin.geol.u-psud.fr /ydweb/cephalo/webdoc4.htm (151 words)

	[No title]
		However, this is part of a life-history strategy that seems designed for rapid increase in population size.
		One result of this is that cephalopod fisheries typically fluctuate wildly in annual catch rates.'; TEXTNOTE ID=1001 TITLE=Discussion_of_Phylogenetic_Relationships TEXT='Extant coleoids form a monophyletic group, the Neocoleoidea, as evidenced by the uniform presence of suckers.
		The diagramatic illustrations on the right show the arm-crown modifications found in the major groups of coleoid cephalopods.
	ag.arizona.edu /tree/eukaryotes/animals/mollusca/cephalopoda/coleoidea/Coleoidea (1410 words)

	Neocephalopoda - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Berthold and Engeser (1987) adopted the name Angusteradulata for the clade comprising ammonoids and coleoids.
		The embryonic shell is small (about 1.5 to 3 mm), somewhat spherical, and separated from the rest of the shell by a constriction.
		The radula is more similar to coleoids, with 9 elements per row, than to the nautilus, with 13 elements per row.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neocephalopoda (593 words)

	Class Cephalopoda 7
		In terms of reproduction, coleoids have separate sexes and copulate during a head-to-head mating embrace.
		Males have a modified arm called a hectocotylus, which is used to pluck a packed of sperm called a spermatophore from their own mantle cavity and to insert it in the mantle cavity of the female.
		Each female is limited to one mating because a secretion from a special gland kills her within a few weeks while it promotes development of the fertilized eggs.
	bioweb.uwlax.edu /zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-5a/Class_Cephalopoda_7/class_cephalopoda_7.htm (204 words)

	TONMO.com Forums - View Single Post - Why Eight Arms?
		The basic stock from which all the coleoids are believed to have originated are believed to have ten arms, all of equal length.
		This is demonstrated in very well preserved belemnites that have ten arms of equal length which was probably also the case with their own ancestors.
		The modern coleoids may have developed from a long extinct branch of nautiloid with more modern and familiar features, possibly varying greatly in form from today’s Nautilus.
	www.tonmo.com /forums/showpost.php?p=22571&postcount=9 (457 words)

	Geologic time scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Strophomenid and atrypid brachiopods, rugose and tabulate corals, and crinoids are all abundant in the oceans.
		Goniatite ammonoids are plentiful, while squid-like coleoids arise.
		Trilobites and armoured agnaths decline, while jawed fishes (placoderms, lobe-finned and ray-finned fish, and early sharks) rule the seas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Geologic_timescale (2045 words)

	Amazon.com: "modern coleoids": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The jaws of modern coleoids consist of a chitin-protein complex (Hunt and Nixon, 1981).
		This was the starting point for the evolution of the modern coleoids (the Neocoleoidea), which then re-invaded shallow water.
		The various lineages of modern coleoids developed in the Cretaceous and early Tertiary, with further shell reductions.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/modern-coleoids (536 words)

	Questions on fossil cephalopods and ceph evolution - TONMO.com Forums
		The main difference between Belemnites and modern coleoids is the internal shell of Belemnites is different than squids, cuttle fish, and spirula.
		I understand that Belemnites are Coleoids, (That article was one of my sources) but I dont understand how/why it was determined that they were split off from Aulacocerida and the other main branch forming two branches approx.
		I have always imagined that the ancestral Bactritids had ten arms, hence the 'primitive' condition of all the coleoids, i/e teuthids, squid, belemnites, and the earliest octopods.
	www.tonmo.com /forums/showthread.php?p=42035 (714 words)

	cephalopod
		Subclass Nautiloidea: all cephalopods except ammonoids and coleoids
		The other clade (Neocephalopoda or Angusteradulata) is closer to modern coleoids, and includes belemnoids, ammonoids, and many orthocerid families.
		There are also stem group cephalopods of the traditional Ellesmerocerida that belong to neither clade (Berthold and Engeser, 1987; Engeser 1997).
	www.sfcrowsnest.com /scifinder/a/Cephalopod.php (978 words)

	Cephalopoda
		Ammonoids also have an external shell, always coiled, with complex sutures.
		Coleoids have an internal and reduced shell and can sometimes be absent.
		Cephalopods first appear in the fossil record in the Cambrian period and many groups which were numerous in the past, are now extinct.
	www.es.ucl.ac.uk /schools/Glossary/cephalopoda.htm (121 words)

	Cephalopoda
		Probably the most famous fossil form, the shape of ancient organism recognized by anyone in any place where such rocks occur, is the coiled ramshorn shell of an ammonoid
		Aside from the ammonoids and nautiloids, all modern cephalopods are classified as coleoids, possessing a single pair of gills and a reduced shell.
		This clade includes belemnoids (which still possess a shell), baleen-squids and their kin, true squids, octopuses, and vampire squids.
	www.bowdoin.edu /~dbensen/Spec/Balaenatheuthia.html (945 words)

	CephSchool
		They are the only living ancestors of the coleoids, which are the squids, cuttlefish, and octopus, all of which lack an external shell.
		But on the other hand, the primitive nautilus is a good example for illustrating how the coleoid cephalopods have adapted to become highly successful predators.
		You have just learned that the Nautilus is a true living ancestor of the coleoids, as well as the definitions for nautiloid and coleoid.
	www.cephbase.utmb.edu /cephschool/CSAnswers.cfm?Category=Evolution&ID=21 (202 words)

	Octopuses, Squids, and Cuttlefish price comparison at MSN Shopping
		Most books include instructions for observing animals in their environment and a section about conservation.Meet the coleoids, a subclass of animals that includes octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish.
		More coleoids can quickly change colors and textures to camouflage themselves.
		See why scientists think some coleoids may be as smart as mice!
	shopping.msn.com /prices.aspx?itemId=2918378 (172 words)

	Using ultrasound to understand vascular and mantle contributions to venous return in the cephalopod Sepia officinalis ...
		in coleoids, experiments tapered off in the early 1990s.
		venous return to feed the elevated cardiac output of the coleoid heart.
		In some regards, coleoid circulation is strikingly mammalian.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/208/11/2071 (6345 words)

	TriloBase Version 5
		Er zijn verschillende taxonomische tabellen beschikbaar in TriloBase : Trilobita, Ammonoidea, Bivalvia, Brachiopoda, Echinoidea, Gastropoda, Graptolithina, Scaphopoda en Coleoids
		Différentes tableaux taxonomiques (classification) sont disponibles : Trilobita, Ammonoidea, Bivalvia, Brachiopoda, Echinoidea, Gastropoda, Graptolithina, Scaphopoda et Coleoids
		Since 1735, the standard biological method of organizing and grouping plants and animals has been based on the scheme outlined by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) in his System of Nature.
	www.5stars.be /trilobase/doc.html (1391 words)

	CephSchool
		The coleoids, except for Vampyromorpha, will excrete a cloud of ink from this ink sac to mislead a predator while making a hasty exit.
		The chromatophores are cells that are present in the skin of coleoids which create complex patterns that are primarily used for camouflage.
		These characteristics attest to the amazing advancements that the coleoid cephalopods have accomplished.
	www.cephbase.utmb.edu /cephschool/CSAnswers.cfm?Category=Evolution&ID=25 (164 words)

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