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Topic: Collect Pond, Manhattan

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	NEW YORK (CITY) - LoveToKnow Article on NEW YORK (CITY) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		In 1905 the population by the state census was 4,000,403; of the separate boroughs: Manhattan, 2,102,928 (in 1900, 1,850,093; in 1890, 1,441,216); Bronx, 271,592 (in 1900, 200,507; in 1890, 88,908); Brooklyn, 1,355,106 (in 1900, 1,166,582; in 1890, 838,547); Queens, 197,838 (in 1900, 152,999; in 1890, 87,050); Richmond, 72,939 (in 1900, 67,021; in 1890, 51,693).
		In Manhattan and the Bronx 66~7 % of the population in 1890 and 72.6% in 1900 lived in dwellings in which the minimum number of dwellers was 21; for the whole city in 1900 the percentage was 54~4, the corresponding percentage for Chicago in 1900 was I7~9.
		The head of the department of parks is a board of three park commissioners: one for the boroughs of Manhattan and Richmond, one for the boroughs of Brooklyn and Oueens and one for the Borough of the Bronx; one of the three is aesignated by the mayor as president of the board.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NE/NEW_YORK_CITY_.htm (15430 words)

	Collect Pond, Manhattan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		New York City's Collect Pond was a body of fresh water north of the original city on the southern tip of the island, covering approximately 48 acres (194,000 m²) and running as deep as 50 feet (15 m).
		As municipal growth continued into the late 18th century, the pond (really a small lake) became polluted by seepage from privies and run-off from small industries, including tanneries, slaughterhouses and breweries.
		Due to the extreme pollution, which had been implicated in small scale outbreaks of cholera and typhus, the Collect was condemned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Collect_Pond,_Manhattan (252 words)

	Pond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Holly Pond, Alabama Holly Pond is a town located in 2000 census, the population of the town is 645.
		Pond Creek, Oklahoma Pond Creek is a city located in 2000 census, the city had a total population of 896.
		The Meadows of Franklin Pond, Cambridge, Ontario The Meadows of Franklin Pond, Cambridge, Ontario is a residential devel...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/pond.html (530 words)

	American Shores - Maps of the Middle Atlantic Region to 1850
		Located just north of the present City Hall, the natural spring-fed Collect Pond was the main source of fresh water for New York City until the Croton Aqueduct system was opened.
		The African American burial ground was adjacent to Collect Pond, along with the city armory and a tannery.
		John Fitch is said to have tested his steam engine in Collect Pond in 1793, and there are numerous commemorative maps attesting to his experiments, which predated the work of Robert Fulton.
	www.nypl.org /research/midatlantic/geo_collect.html (150 words)

	The Deliberate Life
		I sat by the edge of the pond, its surface and history too pristine to be contaminated by the disposal of the jilted flotsam of life.
		The pond was deeded to Massachusetts in 1922 by the descendants of the poet, Ralph Waldo Emerson, who had owned most of the lots and loaned one of them to Thoreau for his cabin.
		And so Walden Pond is now a ward of the state, which compassionately limits the number of cars admitted to the parking facilities to a maximum of 1,000.
	home.earthlink.net /~alburty/thoreau.htm (3822 words)

	George Glazer Gallery - Collect Pond In New York City and Early Steamship Tests
		A View of Collect Pond and its Vicinity in the City of New York in 1793...
		There are three illustrations of the boat: The Model Boat, the boat as seen on the Delaware River in 1787 documented at a speed of 7 miles per hour, and an illustration labeled with numbers and letters corresponding to descriptions of various machinery and people on board.
		An identical example of the map, in the collection of the New York Public Library, Rose Fund donation, is described in the context of the history of Collect Pond, as follows:
	www.georgeglazer.com /prints/sporting/maritime/collectpond.html (467 words)

	lowereast
		Manhattan Street is preserved as a driveway adjacent to PS 188.
		One of the ponds, known to the Dutch as Kaltchhook and to the Brits as Fresh Water Pond, was used by original Native American inhabitants as a campsite and a fertile fishing pool.
		Collect Pond consisted of a small pond at where Centre and Duane streets are today, and a much larger pond centered at where Centre and Leonard are today.
	www.forgotten-ny.com /streetnecrology/lowereast/lowereast.html (2893 words)

	History Of New York City (prehistory-1664) Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Manhattan is a word in the Munsee language meaning 'the island.' In addition to water travel, the Lenape moved through the region on an extensive system of trails, many of which would later become major roads and thoroughfares of the city.
		Also of prime importance was the presence of deep fresh water aquifers near the southern tip, especially the Collect Pond, and an unusually varied geography ranging from marshland to large outcrops of Manhattan schist, an extremely hard granitic rock that is ideal as an anchor for the foundations of large buildings.
		In 1664, British ships entered Gravesend Bay, in modern Brooklyn, and troops marched to capture the ferry across the East River to the city, with minimal resistance: the governor at the time, Peter Stuyvesant, was unpopular with the residents of the city.
	www.variedtastes.com /encyclopedia/History_of_New_York_City_(prehistory-1664) (1891 words)

	nyc.gov/watershed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Water pumped from wells sunk near the Collect Pond, east of the reservoir, and from the pond itself, was distributed through hollow logs laid in the principal streets.
		In 1800 the Manhattan Company (now The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A.) sank a well at Reade and Centre Streets, pumped water into the reservoir on Chambers Street and distributed it through wooden mains to a portion of the community.
		The distribution reservoirs were located in Manhattan at 42nd Street (on the present-day site of the New York Public Library) and in Central Park south of 86th Street (discontinued in 1925).
	www.nyc.gov /html/dep/watershed/html/history.html (1045 words)

	Smoothing Out Canal Street
		The 48-acre spring-fed pond was located around what is today Foley Square (at Pearl and Centre Streets), which was far north of the original colonial settlement and therefore part of a pastoral setting that drew nobility, fishermen, and ice skaters alike.
		Lower Manhattan would draw international attention in the late 18th century for legends that the first steam engine was tested on the pond, and that Prince William (later William IV of England) was once saved from drowning there.
		The pond was filled in by 1811, the canal became Canal Street around 1820, and within the next two decades Manhattan was getting clean water from Westchester County via the Croton Aqueduct.
	www.lowermanhattan.info /news/smoothing_out_canal_street_99774.asp (955 words)

	FIVE POINTS (MANHATTAN) FACTS AND INFORMATION
		The neighborhood took form by about 1820 next to the site of the former Collect Pond, which had been drained due to a severe pollution problem.
		The landfill job on the Collect was a poor one, and surface seepage to the southeast created swampy, insect ridden conditions resulting in a precipitous drop in land value.
		The rough and tumble local politics of "the ould Sixth ward" (Manhattan was at the time divided into "wards", with most of Five Points in the Sixth), while not free of corruption, set important precedents for the election of non-Anglo-Saxons to key offices.
	www.dontpayyourtaxes.com /Five_Points_(Manhattan) (608 words)

	Realty Corporation - Historic drawings, renderings, sketches and photos of downtown locations
		Manhattan in the 1600s was covered with grassy hills, streams, meadows, forests, and marshes.
		Health hazards were created by the polluted waters of Collect Pond, and Bayard's Mount was leveled to fill both the pond and Lispenard's Meadow.
		The purpose of the expressway was to facilitate the flow of east-west traffic by connecting Williamsburg and Manhattan Bridges with the Westside Highway and the Holland Tunnel.
	www.canalspace.com /historic-downtown-manhattan.htm (1418 words)

	New York Press
		Manhattan, Manna-hata, the Algonquins’ "island of hills," 40 degrees north latitude, 76 degrees west longitude, is 12 miles long and 2 miles wide at its broadest point.
		Manhattan’s past exists side-by-side with the present, and though fragmented, often remains oddly alive.
		There was the Collect Pond and Manetta Creek and Kips Bay, and the rolling hills of Chelsea that would all soon vanish beneath the pavements and landfills of the city.
	www.nypress.com /print.cfm?content_id=2738 (1787 words)

	Canal_Street_(Manhattan) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Canal Street is a major street in New York City, crossing lower Manhattan to join New Jersey in the west (via the Holland Tunnel) to Brooklyn in the east (via the Manhattan Bridge).
		Canal Street gained its name from a literal canal that was dug in the early 1800s to drain the contaminated and disease-ridden Collect Pond into the Hudson River.
		The pond was filled in in 1811, and Canal Street was completed in 1820 along the angled path the canal had followed.
	www.usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=Canal_Street_(Manhattan) (330 words)

	Collect Pond, Manhattan -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		It was located just north of today's Foley Square and just west of modern (additional info and facts about Chinatown) Chinatown.
		Due to the extreme pollution, which had been implicated in small scale outbreaks of (An acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food) cholera and (Rickettsial disease transmitted by body lice and characterized by skin rash and high fever) typhus, the Collect was condemned.
		A drainage (Long and narrow strip of water made for boats or for irrigation) canal was dug to both the Hudson and East rivers and was later filled in (present day (additional info and facts about Canal Street) Canal Street was built over it).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/collect_pond,_manhattan.htm (191 words)

	Kids NYC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The watchmen in eleven lookout towers, that were built on hills in Manhattan, became useless in the 1870's as street corner telegraphic alarms were installed by the Fire Department.
		Until 1925, Chase Manhattan bank's charter forced it to pump water twice a week from the well on the NW corner of Reade and Centre (across from Burr's law office 11 Reade).
		Collect pond was polluted by: oozing gunpowder from the city armory, and local gunsmiths; dead animals from the slaughterhouse and leather tanneries; industrial waste from the pottery, ropework and brewing industries; & seepage from the African Burial Ground.
	www.kidsnyc.com /firemantour.php (1946 words)

	Rec5
		We will focus on the Collect Pond, an enclosed lake like feature that occupied over 50 acres south of Canal Street and was first identified in early Dutch texts of the 17th century.
		The ancient Hudson River had a series of tributaries that ran through lower Manhattan and the Collect is a remnant feature of a time when drainage was poor.
		Your assignment is to plot the possible location of the Collect on that map, using any of the other archival materials that assist you.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/wright/Archweb/Rec5.html (459 words)

	NERO FIDDLED
		Before that, in the late eighteenth century, the part of Manhattan which became the Five Points was one big puddle of water.
		It was 48 acres in area, and was known as the Collect Pond.
		The city condemned the Collect Pond, which was an appropriate formal gesture, but alas, it was still there.
	nerofiddled.blogspot.com /2004_08_23_nerofiddled_archive.html (1749 words)

	MORBID-INC - ESTABLISHED 2004
		The Gopher's territory was in the part of Manhattan known as Hell's Kitchen and covered the area from 7th to 11th avenues and from 14th to 42nd streets.
		The lake became known as the Collect Pond and was very popular with fishermen and local residents who would picnic along the shores in the summer and skate on the ice in winter.
		The Collect landfill was completed by around 1812 and by 1813, the streets were laid out and the land speculators moved in, building two and one-half story wooden structures.
	www.freewebs.com /morbid-inc-3/billthebutcher.htm (4846 words)

	NYPL, Moving Uptown Exhibition
		Between 1820 and 1860, the population of lower Manhattan had changed considerably as the number of European immigrants quadrupled.
		Whether hospital, almshouse, or jail (and often these organizations were housed together), the institutions were usually located away from the rest of the community, relegated to an area north of the city or to an island off of Manhattan.
		Wards Island, at the northern end of the East River, housed a hospital for destitute immigrants, an immigration station, and the City Asylum (later to become Manhattan State Hospital and then the Manhattan Psychiatric Center), and in 1850 was the site of a home for juvenile delinquents.
	www.nypl.org /research/chss/spe/art/print/exhibits/movingup/labelvi.htm (1471 words)

	New York City Chinatown > Historical Photos > 1800s (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The pond was drained, and filled in by 1811, but the canal--and later sewer--remained until 1820 when it was covered, and paved over.
		Before the Five Points, there was a little part of Manhattan called the Collect that became home to many breweries, and tanneries because the pond was a major source of fresh water.
		The caption read, "This beautiful pond, occupying the site of the present great gloomy pile of prison buildings known as the Tombs was the scene in the summer of 1796 of the first trail of a steamboat with a screw propeller.
	www.geocities.com /synergy_two/chinatown/history/1800s.html (1268 words)

	New York, New York - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		By 1835 Manhattan overtook Philadelphia as the most populous city and established itself as the financial and mercantile capital of the western hemisphere.
		The modern city of New York -- the five boroughs -- was created in 1898, as the merger of the cities of New York (then Manhattan and the Bronx) and Brooklyn with the largely rural areas of Queens and Staten Island.
		The building of the New York subway, as the separate IRT and BMT systems, and the later IND, was a later force for population growth and development.
	openproxy.ath.cx /ne/New_York_City.html (1709 words)

	CREATIVE TIME
		A Drop in the Bucket was an outdoor sculpture with text by Jane Greengold about Collect Pond, the 70 acre fresh water pond which existed in lower Manhattan until it was filled after 1803.
		The project included journals and a water purification device by the fictional 18th century character, Charles Cooper, a proto-environmentalist created by the artist.
		An excerpt from the journal asserted, "When we see how drastically things can change, we can see how important it is to fight for whatever we believe is worth keeping." Greengold attempted to make the public more aware of this phenomenon with his sculpture made in tribute to such an occurrence.
	www.creativetime.org /programs/archive/1985/bucket/bucket.htm (108 words)

	Collect Pond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The Bag Snaggers are proud to announce the release of their hymn to bag snagging, Collect Pond, written by two of the Bag Removal Guys: Tim and Bill McClelland (words by Tim, music by Bill).
		For those with an even "deeper" interest, here is a map of the original Collect Pond, long since land-filled-in, and where it would be in downtown Manhattan today.
		The current Collect Pond Park is a tiny pocket park at Leonard and Centre Streets.
	www.muzen.com /collectpond.html (362 words)

	Warring Landscapes
		The site was at the corner of Manhattan’s Canal and Chrystie Streets within an elevated park plaza at the foot of the Manhattan Bridge, and from there, the Twin Towers, a ten minute walk away, stood level in height with the teepee poles on the Manhattan landscape.
		Once the water was undrinkable the pond became a dumping place for all kinds of garbage and began to stink and fester typhus and cholera.
		The Twin Towers were both the actual and symbolic backdrop of the "teepee in the shantytown." Polar opposites and phantom icons of the battlefield that was, and is, Collect Pond.
	www.ratconference.com /thieves/blog/warringlandscapes.html (1960 words)

	History of the Water Supply System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The distribution reservoirs were located in Manhattan at 42nd Street (discontinued in 1890) and in Central Park south of 86th Street (discontinued in 1925).
		Water for the system is impounded in three upstate reservoir systems which include 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes with a total storage capacity of approximately 580 billion gallons.
		The three water collection systems were designed and built with various interconnections to increase flexibility by permitting exchange of water from one to another.
	www.ci.nyc.ny.us /html/dep/html/history.html (813 words)

	Sight Specific
		I was working in Steven Hall's office and he had a bunch of old maps of Manhattan, and I saw this huge pond, like a stain on the map.
		The performance was designed to change the every day lives of passers-by, and bring to the surface the location and history of Collect Pond.
		With the growth of Manhattan, the pond was eventually polluted and then smothered by landfill, and the only remaining trace of the pond is the waterlogged sub-soil under the park.
	www.imnyc.com /sept/arts/jmandle/jmandle.html (3471 words)

	[No title]
		The pond, like many of our small inland lakes, was shallow for some distance from the shore, and then suddenly shelved in unexpected quarters, developing deep holes where the water was so cold that its effect on a swimmer was almost dangerous.
		"We were on one of the hillocks overlooking the pond, and somehow--it all happened so swiftly that I cannot tell how--but Moppet must have ventured too near the edge, for the treacherous soil gave way, and down she pitched into the water before I could put out hand to stay her.
		Betty, busying herself by fetching cups and saucers from the china pantry, caught fragments of the conversation, and became aware that Miss Moppet was telling the story of her adventure at Great Pond, in the child's most dramatic fashion, and that Miss Euphemia was also adding her testimony to the tale as it went on.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/0/9/5/10958/10958.txt (15656 words)

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