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Topic: Collective action

Related Topics

Public good

Mancur Olson

Tragedy of the commons

Free rider problem

Libertarian economic views

Solution concept

Economics

Political economy

Game theory

Capital (economics)

Service

Glossary of game theory

Marxian

Malibu surfer problem

Nash equilibrium

	Action - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In sociology, action can either mean a basic action (one that has a meaning) or a more advanced social action, one that not only has a meaning but is directed at other humans and induces a responce; see also forms of activity and interpersonal relations
		In physics, the action is the integral of the Lagrangian, in the Lagrangian formulation of mechanics.
		Direct action is the political term for acting on things that directly affect you.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Action (209 words)

	World Bank Group \| NRM Institutions \| Collective Action (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Collective action is important because it counteracts a number of conditions that retard development: market failures, deterioration of customary institutions, and lack of empowerment of vulnerable groups.
		Collective action is relevant for a broad range of developmental activities, including technology innovation, enterprise development, policy change, improvement of community outcomes, and alleviation of poverty.
		Collective action is influenced by the institutional structure in which the community is embedded (including government policies, cultural and religious values, social capital, ethnicity, property rights structure, etc.).
	lnweb18.worldbank.org /ESSD/essdext.nsf/15ByDocName/ThemesandIssuesCollectiveAction (336 words)

	Collective Action I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Thus it is in the collective interest of all workers to organize and act on their interests in opposition to the upper classes.
		Action is not simply instrumental (i.e., a way of achieving some end), but also serves to sustain and reproduce identity, since maintaining an identity requires enacting it.
		The civil rights movement is an example of collective behavior based on high categorical homogeneity (race) and dense network ties (it was built on pockets of sociability, as in the churches and universities).
	www.unc.edu /courses/pre2000fall/soci010/notes/colaction.html (4283 words)

	On Collective Action
		The collective administration of copyright rights is well established in some segments of the copyright industries, particularly music and art, but it is a relatively new means of transacting business in the media photography business.
		This is a collective administration model, which provides for the licensing of copyright rights for both initial publication and republication rights of commissioned photography and for the licensing of the residual rights in non-commissioned photography.
		This action was made easier as a direct result of a beneficial alliance formed the ASMP and CCC, The Copyright Clearance Center, the nation's largest reproduction rights organization.
	www.asmp.org /publications/whitepaper2.php (4925 words)

	Mancur Olson - The Logic of Collective Action
		If we nevertheless see groups acting to further their interests, this is possible to the extent that collective action is accompanied by private incentives to reward contributors or to punish non-contributors.
		The logic of the argument that underlies both statements is the following: the collective good will be provided by the "largest" individual in the group, i.e., that individual for whom the personal 5 gain is the largest.
		By this I mean that the possibility of coordinating actions is not taken into account, and for the individual the behavior of others does not have any effect on his own contribution.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Atlantis/1747/Works/ols.htm (1300 words)

	Collective Action & Mobilization
		The rest reviews formal models of mobilization for collective action and of models of the interplay between movements and their opponents and is less central to this class.
		Pamela Oliver, algebraic proof that Olson's equations are independent of group size, contrary to his text and usual claims that he "proved" that collective action is harder for larger groups.
		Stable URL: This article distinguishes the different "kinds" of collective action, and is a precursor of the 1985 AJS Oliver, Marwell, Teixeira article.
	www.ssc.wisc.edu /~oliver/SOC924/Assignments/CollActionAssignments.htm (953 words)

	Collective action OK for doctors, but only if goals help patients, too
		Collective action, Goold says, is a strategy for increasing power, and it is no surprise that doctors feel it is necessary as they perceive their professional autonomy diminishing.
		Collective action to negotiate a limit on patients per doctor would increase access to care and therefore be acceptable, she says.
		Issues in which doctors can act collectively with moral certainty are those in which they can join their interests with those of patients and curb the power of corporations that have a financial stake in the health care field.
	www.umich.edu /~urecord/9899/Jul19_99/13.htm (709 words)

	ThoughtStorms: CollectiveActionProblems
		A Collective Action Problem (or CAP) exists when there is a possible good outcome, but the group decides on an action that leads to a worse outcome.
		Collective Decision Making requires a group to assert a goal (or set of goals) and agree to some structured way of moving towards it.
		To get a collective decision rather than a mere aggrogate of individual decisions, you are trying to reduce the amount of information in the system so that more of the actions of people are co-ordinated with fewer degrees of freedom.
	www.nooranch.com /synaesmedia/wiki/wiki.cgi?CollectiveActionProblems (1507 words)

	USLAW NETWORK, Inc.: The Standard for Proceeding As a Collective Action Under the Fair Labor Standards Act
		No employee shall be a party plaintiff to any such action unless he gives his consent in writing to become such a party and such consent is filed in the court in which the action is brought.
		First, the Court determines whether a collective action should be certified for notice purposes; then, after discovery is completed and the case is ready for trial, the certification issue may be revisited.
		This Honorable Court, assuming a “conditional certification” of this action as a collective action is granted, reserves the right to make a second determination as to the continued viability of the collective action after discovery on the merits have been completed and the case is ready for trial.
	www.enewsbuilder.net /uslaw/e_article000245512.cfm (1819 words)

	Collective action -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The economic theory of collective action is concerned with the provision of (Click link for more info and facts about public good) public goods (and other collective consumption) through the collaboration of two or more individuals, and the impact of (Click link for more info and facts about externalities) externalities on group behavior.
		The foundational work in collective action was (Click link for more info and facts about Mancur Olson) Mancur Olson's 1971 book The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups.
		The theory explores the (Click link for more info and facts about market failure) market failures where individual (Click link for more info and facts about consumer rationality) consumer rationality and firms' profit-seeking do not lead to efficient provision of the public goods, i.e.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Co/Collective_action.htm (771 words)

	PHIL 240A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		By convention, in any Collective Action Problem, the economically rational alternative is referred to as "Defection" ("D"); and the economically irrational alternative is referred to as "Cooperation" ("C").
		In a Collective Action Problem in which most agents choose to Cooperate, Defectors are referred to as FREERIDERS, because they benefit from the Cooperation of others, but are unwilling to reciprocate Cooperation.
		A Collective Action Problem is sometimes referred to as a Prisoner's Dilemma.
	faculty.washington.edu /wtalbott/phil102/hdcap.htm (244 words)

	Collective action Article, Collectiveaction Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The economic theory of Collective action is concerned with the provision of public goods (and other collective consumption) through the collaboration of two or more individuals, andthe impact of externalities on group behavior.
		The foundational work in collective action was Mancur Olson 's 1971 book The Logic of Collective Action: PublicGoods and the Theory of Groups.
		Note, however, that the theory is not a challenge to the invisiblehand principle of Adam Smith.
	www.anoca.org /public/good/collective_action.html (613 words)

	Public Information Notice: IMF Board Discusses Collective Action Clauses in Sovereign Bond Contracts
		While collective action clauses remain the norm for bonds issued in the United Kingdom, roughly 70 percent of all outstanding bonds have been issued in jurisdictions (mainly New York and Frankfurt) where the use of majority restructuring provisions is not yet the norm.
		There was broad agreement that existing collective action clauses could play a useful role in the orderly resolution of crises and provide a degree of predictability to the restructuring process.
		A number of Directors noted the complementarity between efforts on collective action clauses and the Fund's ongoing work on a statutory framework for debt restructuring, and they looked forward to the forthcoming discussion on Fund access policy, which is an important element of the Fund's framework for crisis prevention and resolution.
	www.imf.org /external/np/sec/pn/2002/pn0277.htm (1733 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (Harvard Economic Studies) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However, it is a great introduction to collective action, as the basic argument has not changed: groups in which the benefits from collective goods cannot be denied to people are very difficult to organize.
		Organization will more lilkey come about when there is one (or a small number of) individual whose cost of action is lower than his own expected benefits; this leads to an exploitation by the small of the large, which is an interesting and counterintutive situation.
		Rational individuals will rarely contribute to a common (or collective in the economics-lingo) good, because their contribution will be insignificant and the good will be produced whether the individual provides the good or not.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0674537513?v=glance (2583 words)

	Encyclopedia: Collective action
		In economics, a public good is a good that is hard or even impossible to produce for private profit, because the market fails to account for its large beneficial externalities.
		Rational choice theory is a way of looking at deliberations between a number of potential courses of action, in which rationality of one form or another is used either to decide which course of action would be the best to take, or to predict which course of action actually will...
		In the analyses of economics and political science, free riders are actors who take more than their fair share of the benefits or do not shoulder their fair share of the costs of their use of a resource, involvement in a project, etc....
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Collective-action (1400 words)

	The Collective Action Problem
		Formally, a collective action problem is any failure of a group of individuals to achieve an outcome everyone one likes at least as well as the outcome that results from everyone acting in her own self-interest.
		The second class of collective action problem involves a failure to achieve an outcome everyone prefers over the outcome arrived at because each individual wanted to achieve her most preferred outcome without, in essence, paying for it herself.
		Two well known examples of this class of collective action problem are the Tragedy of the Commons and the Prisoner's Dilemma (Taylor, 1976, 1987; Hardin, 1968, 1982; Axelrod, 1984).
	spot.colorado.edu /~mcguire/collact.html (608 words)

	Collective action
		Note, however, that the theory is not a challenge to the invisible hand principle of Adam Smith.
		Instead, it only limits the domain in which that principle applies: for purely private goods in competitive markets, the pursuit of self-interest still furthers the collective interest efficiently.
		Besides economics, the theory has found many applications in political science, sociology, anthropology and the protection of the environment.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/co/collective_action.html (656 words)

	AFRICAN AMERICAN COLLECTIVE ACTION AND CRIME, 1955-91. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Connections between collective action and common crime are often politically sensitive: regimes may benefit to the extent that they can dismiss collective action as the work of criminals; criminals may benefitto the extent that they can justify their actions as politically motivated.
		Although there is widespread disagreement about the exact relationship between collective action and crime, the dominant sociologicalview in recent years has been that the incidences of the two are unrelated.
		Analysis of annual changes in African-American civil rights-related collective action and African-American and white arrest rates (robberyhomicide, burglary), 1955-91, reveals a more complex relationship: collective action and crime rates are positively related until the mid-1970 s for both African Americans and whites but unrelated, or negativelyrelated, afterward.
	www.sfsu.edu /~multsowk/title/10.htm (127 words)

	Collective Action (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The UN summit marking the 60th anniversary of the United Nations opened today with an appeal for collective action to prevent conflict and genocide and to...
		UNITED NATIONS â“ A summit marking the 60th anniversary of the United Nations opened Wednesday with an appeal for collective action to prevent conflict and...
		work and writings: she looks to his praxis to be precise, for he was not given to academic abstractions and preferred to put all ideas to the test in action.
	www.wikiverse.org /collective-action (785 words)

	Bulletin - University of Sussex Newsletter - Collective action is good for you - Friday 13th December 2002
		of protest crowds and social movements, often known as 'collective action'.
		The study involved in-depth interviews with nearly 40 activists from a variety of backgrounds, in which over 160 collective action experiences were described.
		"The main factors we found to contribute to a sense of empowerment were the realization of the collective identity: the sense of movement, potential, unity and mutual support within a crowd," says John.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /press_office/bulletin/13dec02/article3.shtml (375 words)

	CGIAR Systemwide Program on Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi)
		Property rights and collective action play key roles in determining agricultural productivity and food security, access to natural resources critical to sustaining rural livelihoods, and the likelihood that resources will be available to meet future needs.
		Rules that govern claims to natural resources (property rights) and the means by which resources are managed by individuals or groups (collective action) play a key role in the livelihood strategies of the rural poor by shaping the productivity and sustainability of natural resources.
		However, collective action also requires voluntary adherence to a common set of rules and coordinated contributions by its participants.
	www.ifpri.org /themes/capri.htm (330 words)

	Economic Geography: Social capital, collective action, and adaptation to climate change.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Future changes in climate pose significant challenges for society, not the least of which is how best to adapt to observed and potential future impacts of these changes to which the world is already committed.
		Adaptation is a dynamic social process: the ability of societies to adapt is determined, in part, by the ability to act collectively.
		This article reviews emerging perspectives on collective action and social capital and argues that insights from these areas inform the nature of adaptive capacity and normative prescriptions of policies of adaptation.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:111532916&refid=holomed_1 (186 words)

	Cooperation, collective action and natural resources management in Burkina Faso: a methodological note
		Data were collected in 48 villages in northeastern Burkina Faso, at the community, institutional, household and market levels.
		The paper first discusses the analytical framework underlying the study of collective action, and then describes in detail the methods used to measure collective action and community- level cooperative capacity, and the determinants of cooperative capacity.
		The impact of cooperative capacity on a variety of outcomes observed at both the community and household level is then presented in order to highlight practical applications.
	www.eldis.org /static/DOC11409.htm (200 words)

	Wendy's Blog: Legal Tags: Collective action, pre-commitment, and DRM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Unfortunately, information failures and collective action problems make it difficult for the public -- the end-user consumers of these devices -- to resist restrictions.
		With DRM, however, buyers can collectively commit to not being able to copy or redistribute content (up to the strength of the DRM, at least [FN1]).
		Once we've accepted DRM (or its host trusted computing platform, see the dialogue between Seth and Unlimited Freedom on slow attestations), we can be forced into using only "authorized" playback devices, and forced to gain permission before creating a new media-centered application.
	wendy.seltzer.org /blog/archives/2004/09/10/collective_action_precommitment_and_drm.html (884 words)

	Collective Action (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Code Pink for Peace (www.codepink4peace.org) - is a women-initiated grassroots peace and social justice movement seeking positive social change through proactive, creative protest and non-violent direct action.
		WAND - Women’s Action for New Directions (www.wand.org) - empowers women to act politically to reduce violence and militarism, and redirect excessive military resources toward unmet human and environmental needs.
		The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria (www.theglobalfund.org) - is a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities working to dramatically increase resources to fight three of the world's most devastating diseases and to direct those resources to areas of greatest need.
	www.mothersactingup.org /l_collective_action.htm (616 words)

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