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| | Collective intelligence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Collective intelligence, as characterized by Peter Russell (1983), Tom Atlee (1993), Howard Bloom (1995), Francis Heylighen (1995), Douglas Engelbart, Cliff Joslyn, Ron Dembo, Gottfried Mayer-Kress (2003) and other theorists, is an intelligence that emerges from the collaboration and competition of many individuals, an intelligence that seemingly has a mind of its own. |
 | | The study of collective intelligence may properly be considered a subfield of sociology, of computer science, and of mass behavior--a field that studies collective behavior from the level of quarks to the level of bacterial, plant, animal, and human societies. |
 | | Collective intelligence is an amplification of the precepts of the Founding Fathers, as represented by Thomas Jefferson in his statement, "A Nation's best defense is an educated citizenry." During the industrial era, schools and corporations took a turn toward separating elites from the people they expected to follow them. |
| en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Collective_intelligence (1984 words) |
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