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Topic: Collective dictatorship

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dictatorship of the proletariat

Military dictatorship in Brazil

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In the News (Fri 1 Jun 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	C:\ABC\v01104.htm
		However, collective bargaining had not been recognized as a legal institution for the earlier half of that period: collective bargaining was legally recognized only when the Constitution of the Republic of Korea of 1948 incorporated basic labour rights.
		Against the background of the retreat of the military dictatorship, the hegemony in collective bargaining was taken by trade unions, especially by the newly emerged democratic unions that rejected alliances with the Federation of Korean Trade Unions (FKTU).
		Regardless of the different forms of collective bargaining which prevail, trade unions are facing serious challenges arising from the massive restructuring and job reduction drive on the part of government and employers in the con text of the IMF-managed economic policy and the ensuing currency crisis.
	www.itcilo.it /actrav/english/library/socdiag/v01104.htm (3006 words)

	Constructivism in the Human Sciences, VA 9 (1), 2004, p (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During the dictatorship, the cult of remembering was the fuel of the political struggle.
		Consistent with this view, the political and historical meaning constructed by the participants in their individual and collective narratives aims at putting back together the fragmented aspects of the political history that was destroyed at the time of the military coup.
		This fracture in the individual and collective life experience fragmented their political understanding and therefore the meaning of the events triggered by the arrest and release of Pinochet.
	www.inteco.cl /articulos/022/texto_ing.htm (7409 words)

	Works of Alexandra Kollontai 1921 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the period of the dictatorship of the proletariat the family economic unit should be recognised as being, from the point of view of the national economy.
		There are two grounds on which, in the interests of the workers’ collective, the relationships between the sexes ought to be subject to legislative regulations: (a) the health and hygiene of the nation and the race, and (b) the increase or decrease of the population required by the national economic collective.
		Instead of laws and the threat of legal proceedings, the workers’ collective must rely on agitational and educational influences, and on social measures to improve the relationships between the sexes and to guarantee the health of the children born from these relationships.
	www.marxists.org.uk /archive/kollonta/works/1921/theses-morality.htm (2896 words)

	Maoist Internationalist Movement Document
		For all these reasons the dictatorship of the proletariat is essential." Lenin pointed out that the dictatorship of the proletariat is a persistent struggle--bloody and bloodless, violent and peaceful, military and economic, educational and administrative --against the forces and traditions of the old society, that it is an all-round dictatorship over the bourgeoisie.
		They do approve of the dictatorship of the proletariat at certain stages and in certain spheres and are pleased with certain victories of the proletariat, because these will bring them some gains; once they have secured their gains, they feel it's time to settle down and feather their cosy nests.
		The dictatorship of the proletariat is a dictatorship by the masses.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/classics/text.php?mimfile=allround.txt (3584 words)

	Collective Memory and Participation in Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		According to Aguilar's definition, collective memory is composed of the recollection of a particular historical event and the value or lessons linked to this memory.
		This collective memory was constituted by the recollection of the defeat of the MLN-T in 1972.
		Regarding the first set of questions, the collective memory of these groups was composed of the recollection of a common traumatic historical event, relevant or significant to their present, and lessons drawn from this memory.
	www.polisci.wisc.edu /users/lpayne/arraras1.htm (9633 words)

	INSTITUTIONAL LEGACIES AND COLLECTIVE MEMORIES: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The regime's obsession with the preservation of national unity (one of the declared aims of the Francoist side in the Civil War was to annihilate the so-called “separatist” desires of Basques and Catalans) compelled it act with an extensive amount of violence in those regions possessing greater linguistic and cultural peculiarities.
		The highly visible presence of the Armed Forces in the Basque country during the last decade of the dictatorship contributed to the diffusion of the image, created by the radical nationalists, that an "occupation foreign army" was "invading" their territory.
		The 1978 Constitution, a milestone in the transition from the dictatorship and proclaimed as the Constitution of Spanish Reconciliation, was approved throughout the country, yet the campaign by Basque nationalists in favor of abstention enjoyed unexpected success in their own territory.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/ilas/publications/papers/aguilar.htm (10907 words)

	Liberalism is socialism, and socialism is big government
		"Collective ownership" means that the group is in control; "dictatorship" means that a single person is in control.
		Socialists argue that the workplace is one of the last bastions of dictatorship still in existence in Western society.
		The second stage would be socialism, or a "dictatorship of the proletariat." Marx envisioned that this stage would be brief.
	www.huppi.com /kangaroo/L-socialism.htm (2863 words)

	Was Bakunin a secret authoritarian? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Marxists quote Bakunin's terms "invisible dictatorship" and "collective dictatorship" out of context, using it to "prove" that anarchists are secret authoritarians, seeking dictatorship over the masses.
		Simply that whenever Bakunin uses the term "invisible" or "collective" dictatorship he also explicitly states his opposition to government (or official) power and in particular the idea that anarchist organisations should take such power.
		In fact, rather than promoting a despotic dictatorship over the masses his concept of "invisible dictatorship" is very similar to the "leadership of ideas" concept used by many anarchists.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/anarchism/writers/anarcho/anarchism/bakunindictator.html (4747 words)

	comn
		We are familiar with a kind of dictatorship perpetrated by strong military dictators like Augusto Pinoshe, Adolf Hitler etc. but unchecked power exercised even by the majority is likely to bring about authoritarian oligarchy.
		The main feature that all types of dictatorship, or authoritarianism, have in common is concentration of political power in one power center.
		Under every dictatorship, untrammeled or virtually untrammeled political power is lodged in one place.
	www.addischamber.com /pub/augstnew/comon.htm (987 words)

	Infoshop.org - An Anarchist FAQ - J.3 What kinds of organisation do anarchists build? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is about collective decision making from the bottom up, that empowers those at the "base" of the structure and only delegates the work of co-ordinating and implementing the members decisions (and not the power of making decisions for people).
		They use the term "class struggle" to indicate that their anarchism is based on collective working class resistance as opposed to reforming capitalism via lifestyle changes and the support of, say, co-operatives (many "class struggle" anarchists do these things, of course, but they are aware that they cannot create an anarchist society by doing so).
		In addition, an anarchist organisation must also be a 'collective memory' for the oppressed, keeping alive and developing the traditions of the labour movement and anarchism so that new generations of anarchists have a body of experience to build upon and use in their struggles.
	www.infoshop.org /faq/secJ3.html (14872 words)

	Chile: doing a deal with memory.
		The question of human rights violations by state officials during the military dictatorship is not a priority in the current political debate.
		In July 1999, in a decision described as “historic”, Chile’s Supreme Court confirmed the indictment of high-ranking officers on the grounds that when victims’ bodies could not be found, the crimes involved were “permanent and not subject to limitation” and therefore not covered by the amnesty law.
		Some people have alleged that the crimes of the Pinochet dictatorship in Chile should not be punished because pouring salt into this open wound, establishing the truth and obtaining justice would destabilize democracy and endanger so-called social peace.
	www.unesco.org /courier/1999_12/uk/dossier/txt05.htm (2089 words)

	Polity, Dictatorship, Authoritarian Government, Tyranny
		A dictatorship is a political regime under which the power of government is not limited by law.
		All types of dictatorship, or authoritarianism, have one key characteristic in common: Unbridled political power is lodged in one place--one person, one small and united group, or a unified, highly disciplined, and well-led popular majority or its elected representatives, who are unified, highly disciplined and well led.
		Dictatorship is characterized by the government's exercise of unlimited power, while constitutionalism is characterized by limited government under a constitution.
	www.geocities.com /way_leroy/CUNAPolSci201PartTwoC.html (1935 words)

	The Road of the October Revolution
		In 1929-30 the collective farms were granted seed loans and seed assistance to the amount of 10,000,000 centners of grain (61 million poods).
		The result of all these measures was a forty-fold increase in the crop area of collective farms in three years, and a fifty-fold increase in the grain output of the collective farms (with an increase in its marketable part of more than forty-fold) during the same three years, i.e., 1927-29.
		Under the dictatorship of the proletariat, when the power of the working class is firmly established, the alliance of the working class with the peasantry means reliance on the poor peasants, alliance with the middle peasants, and a fight against the kulaks.
	www.wpb.be /icm/97en/97en05.htm (6606 words)

	_On remembering and silencing the past: the adult children of the disappeared in the Southern Cone of Latin America.
		I propose that a comprehensive theory of collective memory that theorizes the mutual interpenetration of past and present is a needed analytic tool to illuminate all processes of remembering [4] and commemorating in their full complexity and dynamism.
		In this light, collective memory is understood as an ongoing socio-political-cultural process of negotiation over meanings through time, neither unchanging and absolute nor wholly contingent to contemporary need in the present (Nerone1989; Olick and Levy 1997: 923, drawing from Bergson [1896] 1991, Prager 1998).
		If collective memory is tempered by its inscription in particularly distinct cultures of fear and oblivion, then my analysis should show different ways in which collective memory is experienced/ embodied, processed and expressed collectively and in personal accounts (both in public and in private) within each group in Argentina and Uruguay.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /soc/groups/scr/fried~1.htm (10738 words)

	Róbinson Rojas.- China - Social classes under bureaucratic socialism: theoretical discussions .-RRojas Databank: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Under the dictatorship of the proletariat such things can only be restricted." In socialist society, we still have two kinds of socialist ownership: ownership by the whole people and collective ownership.
		Industry under collective ownership covered 3 per cent of the fixed assets, 36.2 per cent of the people engaged in industry, and 14 per cent of the total output value.
		They do approve of the dictatorship of the proletariat at a certain stage and within a certain sphere and are pleased with certain victories of the proletariat, because they will bring them gains, they feel it's time to settle down and feather their cosy nests...
	www.rrojasdatabank.org /changyao.htm (1917 words)

	Collective amnesia - Sept. 23, 2003
		At a conference on the "legacies" of the Marcos dictatorship in 1999, participants expressed concern over the collective amnesia with regard to the martial law regime.
		Widespread poverty resulting from the plunder of the economy by Marcos & Co. University of the Philippines Professor Fermin D. Adriano said economic growth during the dictatorship was a debt-driven growth that was unsustainable and primarily benefited Marcos, his relatives and cronies.
		Adriano said one of the social costs of martial law and the collective amnesia about it is the Filipino's increasing inability to determine what is right and what is wrong.
	www.inq7.net /opi/2003/sep/23/opi_editorial-1.htm (768 words)

	tBLOG - 512 Collective
		In case you aren't very aware of the situation in Zimbabwe, it is in the midst of a political and economic disaster: the tyrannical dictatorship is accused of rigging elections and enforcing their rule through torture and killing, and inflation of the Zim dollar is the highest in the world.
		This allowed us to film at one of their distribution centers, which ultimately became the last footage of any of Zimbabwe's emergency food distributions - the Zim government expelled the WFP just days after we left, leaving the lives of 5 million people in jeopardy.
		The 512 Collective Hip- Hop division also became the first American crew to perform in the country in quite some time.
	dlfitch.tblog.com (6383 words)

	Internationally Recognized core Labour Standards in Chile
		Indeed, during the first part of the dictatorship from 1973 to 1980, strikes were entirely illegal and collective bargaining suspended.
		But their right to collective bargaining remains very limited as it is dependent on employers agreeing to negotiate with unions of temporary workers.
		Under the Pinochet military dictatorship there were many cases of political discrimination at the workplace, which could result in politically motivated dismissals.
	www.itcilo.it /english/actrav/telearn/global/ilo/standard/chile.htm (2461 words)

	Unfettered
		HAFs, Sovereignty and the UN A UN, a step toward a world collective or one world government, is a romantic notion particularly popular with egalitarians who, by some stretch of the imagination, transmogrify the greatest bastion of freedom in the world into a fascist dictatorship.
		According to their understanding the most hideous regime, no matter its record on individual rights, is entitled to immunity from outside interference based upon the concept of national sovereignty, but this is a misunderstanding of the issue.
		What Hate America Firsters must assiduously ignore is that a dictatorship has no claim to sovereignty, the case for sovereignty can only be made for those States that derive their power from the consent of the governed.
	robertwolf.blogspot.com (4066 words)

	Reply to Chris Harmen (SWP) How the Revolution was Lost? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In purely quantitative terms, the class that had led the revolution, the class whose democratic processes had constituted the living core of Soviet power, was halved in importance.
		As one Soviet Historian put it, "taking the account of the mood of the workers, the demand for free elections to the soviets [raised in early 1921] meant the implementation in practice of the infamous slogan of soviets without communists," although there is little evidence that the strikers actually raised that "infamous" slogan.
		Harman maintains that "those workers and peasants who fought the Civil War could not govern themselves collectively from their places in the factories." The obvious question arises as to why these workers and peasants could not "govern themselves collectively" while in the Red Army.
	struggle.ws /anarchism/writers/anarcho/revlost_critique.html (5440 words)

	Infoshop.org - An Anarchist FAQ - Appendix - Reply to errors and distortions in David McNally's pamphlet "Socialism ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Thus, rather than being a defender of "individual property" Bakunin was in fact a supporter of collective property (as organised in workers' associations and communes) and supported peasant and artisan property only in the sense of being against forced collectivisation (which would result in "propelling [the peasants] into the camp of reaction." [Op.
		As if the Party were not entitled to assert its dictatorship even if that dictatorship clashed with the passing moods of the workers' democracy!" He continued by stating the "Party is obliged to maintain its dictatorship.
		The "collective experience" workers gain in the International combined with the "collective struggle of the workers against the bosses" will ensure workers "will necessarily come to realise that there is an irreconcilable antagonism between the henchmen of reaction and [their] own dearest human concerns.
	www.infoshop.org /faq/append31.html (15233 words)

	Nechayev and Bakunin's politics
		We are enemies of all publicly acknowledged dictatorship; we are social-revolutionary anarchists.
		"This dictatorship is free from all self-interest, vanity and ambition for it is anonymous, invisible and does not give advantage or honor or official recognition of power to a member of the group or to the groups themselves.
		It seems clear that while we might have preferred clearer language, this "collective dictatorship" exercises power only to the extent that its ideas, its propaganda, find support and are implemented by the general population.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /anarchist_Archives/bakunin/bakuninnechayev.html (1524 words)

	All-Round Dictatorship Over the Bourgeoisie
		Industry under collective ownership covered 3 per cent of the fixed assets, 36.2 per cent of the people engaged in in dustry, and 14 per cent of the total output value.
		Historically, every major change in the system of ownership, be it the replacement of slavery by the feudal system or of feudalism by capitalism, was invariably preceded by the seizure of political power, which was then used to effect large-scale change in the system of ownership and consolidate and develop the new system.
		They do approve of the dictatorship of the proletariat at a certain stage and within a certain sphere and are pleased with certain victories of the proletariat, because they will bring them some gains; once they have secured their gains, they feel it's time to settle down and feather their cosy nests.
	www.marx2mao.com /Other/ARD75.html (3943 words)

	Workers Against Lenin:Labour Protest and the Bolshevik Dictatorship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The most famous expression of collective workers struggle during this period was, of course, the general strike in Petrograd which set off the Kronstadt revolt.
		As the Bolsheviks clamped down on all independent working class activity and organisation, it is hardly surprising that the workers became marginal to the revolution.
		Moreover, let us not forget that it was during this period that the Bolsheviks raised the dictatorship of the party to both a practical and ideological truism.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/anarchism/writers/anarcho/aves.html (718 words)

	Weekly Worker 398 Thursday September 6 2001
		Bakunin stressed repeatedly that he was for this “collective dictatorship” by his “invisible” secret band of conspirators who imposed their hidden control over an anarchic revolution, without any open political structure.
		His “invisible force” is now described as “the collective dictatorship of our organisation”, the “secret organisation” of the invisible controllers, whom Bakunin called the “invisible legion” or the “invisible network.”
		So the “secret collective dictatorship” - definitely not the dictatorship of the proletariat - would hold the real reins of power.
	www.cpgb.org.uk /worker/398/bakunin.html (2018 words)

	--[ Libertarian International. Network of liberty-minded individuals and organizations in Europe. ]--
		The next Totalitarian dictatorship happened in Italy — one of the oldest civilized countries of Europe and the mother of European culture.
		Fantastic as it may seem to think of a dictatorship in the United States, it is much easier to establish such a dictatorship than to overthrow it.
		It is not the "dictatorship of the proletariat," nor the nationalization of private property, nor the supremacy of the "Aryan" race, nor anti-Semitism.
	www.libertarian.to /NewsDta/templates/news1.php?art=art496 (4141 words)

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